grok-4.3 · popcorn · pop_l123_st_gpt
incorrect 7_Conv1d_Depthwise_Separable.py
model
grok-4.3
turns / max
1 / 1
tool calls
1
tokens (total)
4318
wall clock
612.4s
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
popcorn
runtime
—
ref runtime
0.56 μs
speedup
—
started
2026-05-11T09:25:47Z
correctness issue: Output mismatch
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
—
ref runtime
0.56 μs
speedup
—
kernel mean / median / std
—
ref mean / median / std
0.56 / — / 0.00 μs
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.593
dram util %
30.4%
compute util %
59.3%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
1019.10 GB/s
dram util %
30.4%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
185.9%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
59.3%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
154.8%
ld sectors / req
5.44
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
61
smem / block
2048 B
block size
512
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
3313.8%
short_scoreboard
70.6%
mio_throttle
12.7%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Performs a depthwise-separable 1D convolution: a depthwise Conv1d (each channel independently)
    followed by a pointwise Conv1d (1x1, mixes channels). Used in Enformer and genomic sequence
    models for efficient spatial+channel factorized processing.

    Args:
        in_channels (int): Number of channels in the input.
        out_channels (int): Number of channels produced by the pointwise convolution.
        kernel_size (int): Kernel size of the depthwise convolution.
        stride (int, optional): Stride of the depthwise convolution. Defaults to 1.
        padding (int, optional): Padding for the depthwise convolution. Defaults to 0.
        bias (bool, optional): If True, adds a learnable bias. Defaults to False.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=in_channels, bias=bias)
        self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        x = self.depthwise(x)
        x = self.pointwise(x)
        return x

batch_size = 32
in_channels = 256
out_channels = 512
kernel_size = 9
seq_len = 4096
stride = 1
padding = 4

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.randn(popcorn_pri.jitter_int(batch_size), in_channels, popcorn_pri.jitter_int(seq_len))]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding]
turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 612.4s turn · 59.9s LLM · tokens in=1,272 · out=2,715 · total=4,318 · 11,381 chars (click to expand)
turn 0612.4s turn · 59.9s LLM · 552.5s tools · tokens in=1,272 · out=2,715 · total=4,318 · FINAL
reasoning
The task is to replace the forward computation of a PyTorch model with a custom CUDA kernel. The model is a depthwise-separable 1D convolution: depthwise Conv1d followed by pointwise Conv1d.
assistant```python import torch import torch.nn as nn from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline cuda_source = r''' #include <torch/extension.h> #include <cuda.h> #include <cuda_runtime.h> __global__ void depthwise_conv1d_kernel( const float* __restrict__ input, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ output, int N, int C, int L_in, int L_out, int K, int stride, int padding, bool has_bias) { int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; int total = N * C * L_out; if (idx >= total) return; int l_out = idx % L_out; int c = (idx / L_out) % C; int n = idx / (L_out * C); float sum = 0.0f; for (int k = 0; k < K; ++k) { int l_in = l_out * stride + k - padding; if (l_in >= 0 && l_in < L_in) { sum += input[n * C * L_in + c * L_in + l_in] * weight[c * K + k]; } } if (has_bias) sum += bias[c]; output[n * C * L_out + c * L_out + l_out] = sum; } __global__ void pointwise_conv1d_kernel( const float* __restrict__ input, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ output, int N, int C_in, int C_out, int L, bool has_bias) { int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; int total = N * C_out * L; if (idx >= total) return; int l = idx % L; int c_out = (idx / L) % C_out; int n = idx / (L * C_out); float sum = 0.0f; for (int c_in = 0; c_in < C_in; ++c_in) { sum += input[n * C_in * L + c_in * L + l] * weight[c_out * C_in + c_in]; } if (has_bias) sum += bias[c_out]; output[n * C_out * L + c_out * L + l] = sum; } torch::Tensor depthwise_separable_conv_cuda( torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw_weight, torch::Tensor pw_weight, torch::Tensor dw_bias, torch::Tensor pw_bias, int stride, int padding) { int N = x.size(0); int C_in = x.size(1); int L_in = x.size(2); int K = dw_weight.size(2); bool dw_has_bias = dw_bias.defined() && dw_bias.numel() > 0; bool pw_has_bias = pw_bias.defined() && pw_bias.numel() > 0; int L_out = (L_in + 2 * padding - K) / stride + 1; auto dw_out = torch::empty({N, C_in, L_out}, x.options()); int total_dw = N * C_in * L_out; int threads = 256; int blocks = (total_dw + threads - 1) / threads; depthwise_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>( x.data_ptr<float>(), dw_weight.data_ptr<float>(), dw_has_bias ? dw_bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr, dw_out.data_ptr<float>(), N, C_in, L_in, L_out, K, stride, padding, dw_has_bias); int C_out = pw_weight.size(0); auto out = torch::empty({N, C_out, L_out}, x.options()); int total_pw = N * C_out * L_out; blocks = (total_pw + threads - 1) / threads; pointwise_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>( dw_out.data_ptr<float>(), pw_weight.data_ptr<float>(), pw_has_bias ? pw_bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr, out.data_ptr<float>(), N, C_in, C_out, L_out, pw_has_bias); return out; } ''' cpp_source = r''' torch::Tensor depthwise_separable_conv_cuda( torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw_weight, torch::Tensor pw_weight, torch::Tensor dw_bias, torch::Tensor pw_bias, int stride, int padding); PYBIND11_MODULE(TORCH_EXTENSION_NAME, m) { m.def("depthwise_separable_conv_cuda", &depthwise_separable_conv_cuda, "Depthwise separable conv CUDA"); } ''' _ext = load_inline( name="depthwise_separable_conv", cpp_sources=cpp_source, cuda_sources=cuda_source, functions=["depthwise_separable_conv_cuda"], verbose=False, extra_cflags=["-O3"], extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"] ) class ModelNew(nn.Module): def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False): super(ModelNew, self).__init__() self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=in_channels, bias=bias) self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias) self.stride = stride self.padding = padding def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: dw_w = self.depthwise.weight pw_w = self.pointwise.weight dw_b = self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device) pw_b = self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device) return _ext.depthwise_separable_conv_cuda( x, dw_w, pw_w, dw_b, pw_b, self.stride, self.padding ) ``` submit_kernel with the above code.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void depthwise_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int N, int C, int L_in, int L_out,\n int K, int stride, int padding, bool has_bias) {\n \n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * C * L_out;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n \n int l_out = idx % L_out;\n int c = (idx / L_out) % C;\n int n = idx / (L_out * C);\n \n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < K; ++k) {\n int l_in = l_out * stride + k - padding;\n if (l_in >= 0 && l_in < L_in) {\n sum += input[n * C * L_in + c * L_in + l_in] * weight[c * K + k];\n }\n }\n if (has_bias) sum += bias[c];\n output[n * C * L_out + c * L_out + l_out] = sum;\n}\n\n__global__ void pointwise_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int N, int C_in, int C_out, int L,\n bool has_bias) {\n \n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * C_out * L;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n \n int l = idx % L;\n int c_out = (idx / L) % C_out;\n int n = idx / (L * C_out);\n \n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int c_in = 0; c_in < C_in; ++c_in) {\n sum += input[n * C_in * L + c_in * L + l] * weight[c_out * C_in + c_in];\n }\n if (has_bias) sum += bias[c_out];\n output[n * C_out * L + c_out * L + l] = sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor depthwise_separable_conv_cuda(\n torch::Tensor x,\n torch::Tensor dw_weight,\n torch::Tensor pw_weight,\n torch::Tensor dw_bias,\n torch::Tensor pw_bias,\n int stride, int padding) {\n \n int N = x.size(0);\n int C_in = x.size(1);\n int L_in = x.size(2);\n int K = dw_weight.size(2);\n bool dw_has_bias = dw_bias.defined() && dw_bias.numel() > 0;\n bool pw_has_bias = pw_bias.defined() && pw_bias.numel() > 0;\n \n int L_out = (L_in + 2 * padding - K) / stride + 1;\n \n auto dw_out = torch::empty({N, C_in, L_out}, x.options());\n \n int total_dw = N * C_in * L_out;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total_dw + threads - 1) / threads;\n \n depthwise_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n x.data_ptr<float>(),\n dw_weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n dw_has_bias ? dw_bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,\n dw_out.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, C_in, L_in, L_out, K, stride, padding, dw_has_bias);\n \n int C_out = pw_weight.size(0);\n auto out = torch::empty({N, C_out, L_out}, x.options());\n \n int total_pw = N * C_out * L_out;\n blocks = (total_pw + threads - 1) / threads;\n \n pointwise_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n dw_out.data_ptr<float>(),\n pw_weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n pw_has_bias ? pw_bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, C_in, C_out, L_out, pw_has_bias);\n \n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = r'''\ntorch::Tensor depthwise_separable_conv_cuda(\n torch::Tensor x,\n torch::Tensor dw_weight,\n torch::Tensor pw_weight,\n torch::Tensor dw_bias,\n torch::Tensor pw_bias,\n int stride, int padding);\n\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"depthwise_separable_conv\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"depthwise_separable_conv_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"]\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=in_channels, bias=bias)\n self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n dw_w = self.depthwise.weight\n pw_w = self.pointwise.weight\n dw_b = self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device)\n pw_b = self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device)\n return _ext.depthwise_separable_conv_cuda(\n x, dw_w, pw_w, dw_b, pw_b, self.stride, self.padding\n )\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (fail)
failsubmit_kernel submit_kernel FAILED: correctness check did not pass ((0 / 5) trials). correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.000554', '0.000562', '0.000559', '0.000549', '0.000548'] avg_difference: ['0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073']
final submitted kernel (145 lines, 4,597 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cuda_source = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__global__ void depthwise_conv1d_kernel(
    const float* __restrict__ input,
    const float* __restrict__ weight,
    const float* __restrict__ bias,
    float* __restrict__ output,
    int N, int C, int L_in, int L_out,
    int K, int stride, int padding, bool has_bias) {
    
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    int total = N * C * L_out;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    
    int l_out = idx % L_out;
    int c = (idx / L_out) % C;
    int n = idx / (L_out * C);
    
    float sum = 0.0f;
    for (int k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
        int l_in = l_out * stride + k - padding;
        if (l_in >= 0 && l_in < L_in) {
            sum += input[n * C * L_in + c * L_in + l_in] * weight[c * K + k];
        }
    }
    if (has_bias) sum += bias[c];
    output[n * C * L_out + c * L_out + l_out] = sum;
}

__global__ void pointwise_conv1d_kernel(
    const float* __restrict__ input,
    const float* __restrict__ weight,
    const float* __restrict__ bias,
    float* __restrict__ output,
    int N, int C_in, int C_out, int L,
    bool has_bias) {
    
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    int total = N * C_out * L;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    
    int l = idx % L;
    int c_out = (idx / L) % C_out;
    int n = idx / (L * C_out);
    
    float sum = 0.0f;
    for (int c_in = 0; c_in < C_in; ++c_in) {
        sum += input[n * C_in * L + c_in * L + l] * weight[c_out * C_in + c_in];
    }
    if (has_bias) sum += bias[c_out];
    output[n * C_out * L + c_out * L + l] = sum;
}

torch::Tensor depthwise_separable_conv_cuda(
    torch::Tensor x,
    torch::Tensor dw_weight,
    torch::Tensor pw_weight,
    torch::Tensor dw_bias,
    torch::Tensor pw_bias,
    int stride, int padding) {
    
    int N = x.size(0);
    int C_in = x.size(1);
    int L_in = x.size(2);
    int K = dw_weight.size(2);
    bool dw_has_bias = dw_bias.defined() && dw_bias.numel() > 0;
    bool pw_has_bias = pw_bias.defined() && pw_bias.numel() > 0;
    
    int L_out = (L_in + 2 * padding - K) / stride + 1;
    
    auto dw_out = torch::empty({N, C_in, L_out}, x.options());
    
    int total_dw = N * C_in * L_out;
    int threads = 256;
    int blocks = (total_dw + threads - 1) / threads;
    
    depthwise_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(
        x.data_ptr<float>(),
        dw_weight.data_ptr<float>(),
        dw_has_bias ? dw_bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,
        dw_out.data_ptr<float>(),
        N, C_in, L_in, L_out, K, stride, padding, dw_has_bias);
    
    int C_out = pw_weight.size(0);
    auto out = torch::empty({N, C_out, L_out}, x.options());
    
    int total_pw = N * C_out * L_out;
    blocks = (total_pw + threads - 1) / threads;
    
    pointwise_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(
        dw_out.data_ptr<float>(),
        pw_weight.data_ptr<float>(),
        pw_has_bias ? pw_bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,
        out.data_ptr<float>(),
        N, C_in, C_out, L_out, pw_has_bias);
    
    return out;
}
'''

cpp_source = r'''
torch::Tensor depthwise_separable_conv_cuda(
    torch::Tensor x,
    torch::Tensor dw_weight,
    torch::Tensor pw_weight,
    torch::Tensor dw_bias,
    torch::Tensor pw_bias,
    int stride, int padding);

'''

_ext = load_inline(
    name="depthwise_separable_conv",
    cpp_sources=cpp_source,
    cuda_sources=cuda_source,
    functions=["depthwise_separable_conv_cuda"],
    verbose=False,
    extra_cflags=["-O3"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"]
)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=in_channels, bias=bias)
        self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias)
        self.stride = stride
        self.padding = padding

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        dw_w = self.depthwise.weight
        pw_w = self.pointwise.weight
        dw_b = self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device)
        pw_b = self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device)
        return _ext.depthwise_separable_conv_cuda(
            x, dw_w, pw_w, dw_b, pw_b, self.stride, self.padding
        )