grok-4.3 · popcorn · pop_l123_default_gpt
correct 6_EdgeSoftmaxMultiHeadCSR.py
model
grok-4.3
turns / max
11 / 12
tool calls
11
tokens (total)
67707
wall clock
2609.9s
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
popcorn
runtime
0.01 μs
ref runtime
15.50 μs
speedup
1174.24x
started
2026-05-11T10:47:06Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
0.01 μs
ref runtime
15.50 μs
speedup
1174.24x
kernel mean / median / std
0.01 / — / 6.28e-04 μs
ref mean / median / std
15.50 / — / 0.42 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
2.98e-08
mean abs error
9.08e-10
max rel error
1.19e-07
mean rel error
2.01e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
33.43 MB
ref peak
33.42 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
8
ref launches
5762
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
720.25x
total cuda time
202 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
243.08
ref mJ / run
1963.62
ratio (ref / kernel)
8.08x
avg power
8143.61 W
ref avg power
127.54 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.056
dram util %
1.4%
compute util %
5.5%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
47.30 GB/s
dram util %
1.4%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
9.7%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
5.6%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
184.6%
ld sectors / req
4.77
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
64
smem / block
2048 B
block size
136
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
1649.7%
short_scoreboard
119.1%
flagssubmit_kernel guard
excessive speedup
flagged
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn


class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Multi-head row-wise softmax over CSR edge scores.

    This extends scalar graph edge softmax to multiple attention heads while
    preserving sparse CSR layout. Each row is normalized independently for each
    head.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def forward(
        self,
        row_ptr: torch.Tensor,
        edge_scores: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1
        out = torch.empty_like(edge_scores)

        for node in range(num_nodes):
            start = int(row_ptr[node].item())
            end = int(row_ptr[node + 1].item())
            if end > start:
                out[start:end] = torch.softmax(edge_scores[start:end], dim=0)

        return out


num_nodes = 384
avg_degree = 18
num_heads = 8




def get_inputs():
    return list(popcorn_pri.make_csr_multihead_edge_scores(num_nodes, avg_degree, num_heads))



def get_init_inputs():
    return []
turn 016.9s turn · 16.9s LLM · 0.0s tools · tokens in=1,584 · out=6 · total=1,936
reasoning
The task is to replace the forward computation of a PyTorch model with a custom CUDA kernel. The model does a multi-head row-wise softmax over CSR edge scores. The task involves replacing the forward computation of a PyTorch model with a custom CUDA kernel. The model performs a multi-head row-wise softmax on CSR edge scores.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1196.4s turn · 30.3s LLM · 166.2s tools · tokens in=2,169 · out=660 · total=2,985
reasoning
GPU is H100, plenty of resources, data is tiny so any reasonable kernel will be fast.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads,\n int num_edges\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n // Compute max\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n if (val > max_val) max_val = val;\n }\n // Compute exp sum\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n // Compute softmax\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_edges = edge_scores.size(0);\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8); // num_heads=8\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads,\n num_edges\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 277.2s turn · 10.0s LLM · 67.3s tools · tokens in=3,002 · out=661 · total=3,670
reasoning
Compiled successfully. Now check correctness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads,\n int num_edges\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n // Compute max\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n if (val > max_val) max_val = val;\n }\n // Compute exp sum\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n // Compute softmax\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_edges = edge_scores.size(0);\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8); // num_heads=8\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads,\n num_edges\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: ? trials did not all match. runtime_error: expected scalar type Int but found Float
turn 3198.9s turn · 10.3s LLM · 188.6s tools · tokens in=3,699 · out=669 · total=4,537
reasoning
Error: row_ptr is int32 but in kernel treated as int, but data_ptr<int>() assumes int32? Wait, error is expected Int but Float? Perhaps in call.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads,\n int num_edges\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n // Compute max\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n if (val > max_val) max_val = val;\n }\n // Compute exp sum\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n // Compute softmax\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_edges = edge_scores.size(0);\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8); // num_heads=8\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads,\n num_edges\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 4197.9s turn · 7.0s LLM · 190.9s tools · tokens in=4,554 · out=670 · total=5,229
reasoning
Now run correctness again.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads,\n int num_edges\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n // Compute max\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n if (val > max_val) max_val = val;\n }\n // Compute exp sum\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n // Compute softmax\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_edges = edge_scores.size(0);\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8); // num_heads=8\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads,\n num_edges\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: ? trials did not all match. runtime_error: expected scalar type Int but found Float
turn 5383.6s turn · 11.0s LLM · 372.6s tools · tokens in=5,258 · out=696 · total=6,426
reasoning
Still error. The error "expected scalar type Int but found Float" – perhaps row_ptr is being treated as float somewhere. I was troubleshooting an error in the CUDA kernel implementation for the PyTorch model. The error said "expected scalar type Int but type Float," which suggested a type mismatch with row_ptr.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n max_val = fmaxf(max_val, val);\n }\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n TORCH_CHECK(row_ptr.is_cuda(), \"row_ptr must be CUDA tensor\");\n TORCH_CHECK(edge_scores.is_cuda(), \"edge_scores must be CUDA tensor\");\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8);\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if not row_ptr.is_cuda():\n row_ptr = row_ptr.cuda()\n if not edge_scores.is_cuda():\n edge_scores = edge_scores.cuda()\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr.contiguous(), edge_scores.contiguous())\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: ? trials did not all match. runtime_error: 'bool' object is not callable
turn 6265.1s turn · 7.6s LLM · 257.5s tools · tokens in=6,455 · out=625 · total=7,128
reasoning
New error. Probably because TORCH_CHECK uses , not ().
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n max_val = fmaxf(max_val, val);\n }\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8);\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 7394.1s turn · 7.0s LLM · 387.1s tools · tokens in=7,145 · out=626 · total=7,784
reasoning
Now test correctness, assuming inputs are moved to CUDA by harness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n max_val = fmaxf(max_val, val);\n }\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8);\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: ? trials did not all match. runtime_error: expected scalar type Int but found Float
turn 8305.2s turn · 6.8s LLM · 298.3s tools · tokens in=7,813 · out=652 · total=8,613
reasoning
Still failing. The issue must be that row_ptr is int32 but in CUDA kernel launch, perhaps the harness passes CPU tensors, and data_ptr on CPU tensor for CUDA? But no.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n max_val = fmaxf(max_val, val);\n }\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8);\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n row_ptr = row_ptr.cuda().to(torch.int32).contiguous()\n edge_scores = edge_scores.cuda().contiguous()\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 9162.4s turn · 8.4s LLM · 154.0s tools · tokens in=8,664 · out=653 · total=9,323
reasoning
Now try correctness with this.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n max_val = fmaxf(max_val, val);\n }\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8);\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n row_ptr = row_ptr.cuda().to(torch.int32).contiguous()\n edge_scores = edge_scores.cuda().contiguous()\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.98e-08 mean_abs_err=9.08e-10 max_rel_err=1.19e-07
turn 10412.2s turn · 6.7s LLM · 405.5s tools · tokens in=9,417 · out=652 · total=10,076 · FINAL
reasoning
Correct now! So submit it.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <cstdint>\n\n__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(\n const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int num_nodes,\n int num_heads\n) {\n int node = blockIdx.x;\n if (node >= num_nodes) return;\n\n int start = row_ptr[node];\n int end = row_ptr[node + 1];\n int degree = end - start;\n if (degree <= 0) return;\n\n for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {\n float max_val = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n max_val = fmaxf(max_val, val);\n }\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);\n }\n float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;\n for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {\n float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];\n out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {\n int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;\n auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);\n\n dim3 grid(num_nodes);\n dim3 block(8);\n\n csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(\n row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),\n edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(),\n num_nodes,\n num_heads\n );\n\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"csr_softmax\",\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=[\"csr_softmax_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n row_ptr = row_ptr.cuda().to(torch.int32).contiguous()\n edge_scores = edge_scores.cuda().contiguous()\n return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 0.01 μs Runtime stats: mean=0.01μs median=?μs std=0.00μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.98e-08 mean_abs_err=9.08e-10 max_rel_err=1.19e-07 Memory: 33.43 MB peak (ref: 33.42 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 8 (ref: 5762, fusion ratio: 720.25) Energy: 243.08 mJ/run (ref: 1963.62 mJ, ratio: 8.0781x) SOL score: 0.0555 Flagged for excessive speedup — this submission may have been rejected by automated review.
final submitted kernel (88 lines, 2,432 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cuda_source = """
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cfloat>
#include <cstdint>

__global__ void csr_softmax_kernel(
    const int32_t* __restrict__ row_ptr,
    const float* __restrict__ edge_scores,
    float* __restrict__ out,
    int num_nodes,
    int num_heads
) {
    int node = blockIdx.x;
    if (node >= num_nodes) return;

    int start = row_ptr[node];
    int end = row_ptr[node + 1];
    int degree = end - start;
    if (degree <= 0) return;

    for (int h = threadIdx.x; h < num_heads; h += blockDim.x) {
        float max_val = -FLT_MAX;
        for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {
            float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];
            max_val = fmaxf(max_val, val);
        }
        float sum_exp = 0.0f;
        for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {
            float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];
            sum_exp += expf(val - max_val);
        }
        float inv_sum = 1.0f / sum_exp;
        for (int i = 0; i < degree; i++) {
            float val = edge_scores[(start + i) * num_heads + h];
            out[(start + i) * num_heads + h] = expf(val - max_val) * inv_sum;
        }
    }
}

torch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores) {
    int num_nodes = row_ptr.numel() - 1;
    auto num_heads = edge_scores.size(1);
    auto out = torch::empty_like(edge_scores);

    dim3 grid(num_nodes);
    dim3 block(8);

    csr_softmax_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(
        row_ptr.data_ptr<int32_t>(),
        edge_scores.data_ptr<float>(),
        out.data_ptr<float>(),
        num_nodes,
        num_heads
    );

    return out;
}
"""

cpp_source = """
torch::Tensor csr_softmax_cuda(torch::Tensor row_ptr, torch::Tensor edge_scores);
"""

module = load_inline(
    name="csr_softmax",
    cpp_sources=cpp_source,
    cuda_sources=cuda_source,
    functions=["csr_softmax_cuda"],
    verbose=False,
    with_cuda=True,
)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.module = module

    def forward(self, row_ptr: torch.Tensor, edge_scores: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        row_ptr = row_ptr.cuda().to(torch.int32).contiguous()
        edge_scores = edge_scores.cuda().contiguous()
        return self.module.csr_softmax_cuda(row_ptr, edge_scores)