grok-4.3 · popcorn · pop_l123_default_gpt
incorrect 5_Conv1d_Causal.py
model
grok-4.3
turns / max
8 / 12
tool calls
8
tokens (total)
43755
wall clock
3940.6s
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
popcorn
runtime
—
ref runtime
1.06 μs
speedup
—
started
2026-05-11T13:12:35Z
correctness issue: Output mismatch
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
—
ref runtime
1.06 μs
speedup
—
kernel mean / median / std
—
ref mean / median / std
1.06 / — / 0.00 μs
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.931
dram util %
93.1%
compute util %
24.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
3118.96 GB/s
dram util %
93.1%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
188.3%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
24.2%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
199.6%
ld sectors / req
2.87
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
48
smem / block
2048 B
block size
640
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
mio_throttle
7605.3%
short_scoreboard
4701.2%
long_scoreboard
1350.7%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Performs a causal 1D convolution: left-padded so each output only depends on current and past inputs.
    Used in autoregressive sequence models (Mamba, Hyena, WaveNet, TCN) for causal sequence processing.

    Args:
        in_channels (int): Number of input channels.
        out_channels (int): Number of output channels.
        kernel_size (int): Size of the convolution kernel.
        dilation (int, optional): Dilation rate. Defaults to 1.
        bias (bool, optional): If True, adds a learnable bias. Defaults to False.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, dilation: int = 1, bias: bool = False):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.causal_padding = (kernel_size - 1) * dilation
        self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        x = torch.nn.functional.pad(x, (self.causal_padding, 0))
        return self.conv1d(x)

batch_size = 32
in_channels = 256
out_channels = 256
kernel_size = 4
dilation = 1
seq_len = 8192

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.randn(popcorn_pri.jitter_int(batch_size), in_channels, popcorn_pri.jitter_int(seq_len))]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation]
turn 0613.6s turn · 2.5s LLM · 611.1s tools · tokens in=1,574 · out=6 · total=1,766
reasoning
The task is to replace the forward computation of a causal 1D convolution with a custom CUDA kernel that's faster than the PyTorch reference.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1265.0s turn · 10.4s LLM · 254.6s tools · tokens in=1,999 · out=704 · total=2,948
reasoning
It's an H100, very powerful. cuDNN conv is probably using tensor cores or highly optimized.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = '''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int batch_size,\n int in_channels,\n int out_channels,\n int seq_len,\n int kernel_size,\n int dilation\n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int s = idx % seq_len;\n int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;\n int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);\n\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {\n int in_pos = s - (kernel_size - 1 - k) * dilation;\n if (in_pos >= 0) {\n for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {\n sum += input[b * in_channels * seq_len + ic * seq_len + in_pos] *\n weight[oc * in_channels * kernel_size + ic * kernel_size + k];\n }\n }\n }\n output[b * out_channels * seq_len + oc * seq_len + s] = sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {\n auto batch_size = input.size(0);\n auto in_channels = input.size(1);\n auto seq_len = input.size(2);\n auto out_channels = weight.size(0);\n\n auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());\n\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n\n causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(),\n weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n output.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size,\n in_channels,\n out_channels,\n seq_len,\n kernel_size,\n dilation\n );\n\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = '''\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);\n'''\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name='causal_conv1d',\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],\n verbose=True\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)\n self.kernel_size = kernel_size\n self.dilation = dilation\n\n def forward(self, x):\n weight = self.conv1d.weight\n return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2430.1s turn · 4.5s LLM · 425.6s tools · tokens in=2,965 · out=705 · total=3,677
reasoning
It compiled. Now check correctness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = '''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int batch_size,\n int in_channels,\n int out_channels,\n int seq_len,\n int kernel_size,\n int dilation\n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int s = idx % seq_len;\n int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;\n int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);\n\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {\n int in_pos = s - (kernel_size - 1 - k) * dilation;\n if (in_pos >= 0) {\n for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {\n sum += input[b * in_channels * seq_len + ic * seq_len + in_pos] *\n weight[oc * in_channels * kernel_size + ic * kernel_size + k];\n }\n }\n }\n output[b * out_channels * seq_len + oc * seq_len + s] = sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {\n auto batch_size = input.size(0);\n auto in_channels = input.size(1);\n auto seq_len = input.size(2);\n auto out_channels = weight.size(0);\n\n auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());\n\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n\n causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(),\n weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n output.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size,\n in_channels,\n out_channels,\n seq_len,\n kernel_size,\n dilation\n );\n\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = '''\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);\n'''\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name='causal_conv1d',\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)\n self.kernel_size = kernel_size\n self.dilation = dilation\n\n def forward(self, x):\n weight = self.conv1d.weight\n return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.001008', '0.000954', '0.000929', '0.000933', '0.000885'] avg_difference: ['0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128']
turn 3374.3s turn · 16.8s LLM · 357.6s tools · tokens in=3,774 · out=729 · total=5,128
reasoning
There's a numerical mismatch, but small, max diff ~0.001, but tolerance is 1e-4. Probably due to floating point order or something, but need to fix to be within 1e-4. The numerical mismatch between the custom CUDA kernel and the PyTorch reference is small, around 0.001 max difference, but it's outside the 1e-4 tolerance. This is likely due to differences in floating-point accumulation or precision handling between the naive kernel and PyTorch's optimized implementation. The kernel assigns one thread per output element, loops over input channels and kernel sizes, handles padding by checking if the input position is valid, respects the dilation and kernel size parameters, but falls short on accuracy.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = '''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int batch_size,\n int in_channels,\n int out_channels,\n int seq_len,\n int kernel_size,\n int dilation\n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int s = idx % seq_len;\n int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;\n int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);\n\n float sum = 0.0f;\n const int pad = (kernel_size - 1) * dilation;\n for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {\n int in_pos = s + k * dilation - pad;\n if (in_pos >= 0 && in_pos < seq_len) {\n for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {\n float in_val = input[(b * in_channels + ic) * seq_len + in_pos];\n float w_val = weight[(oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + k];\n sum += in_val * w_val;\n }\n }\n }\n output[(b * out_channels + oc) * seq_len + s] = sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {\n auto batch_size = input.size(0);\n auto in_channels = input.size(1);\n auto seq_len = input.size(2);\n auto out_channels = weight.size(0);\n\n auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());\n\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n int threads = 512;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n\n causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(),\n weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n output.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size,\n in_channels,\n out_channels,\n seq_len,\n kernel_size,\n dilation\n );\n\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = '''\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);\n'''\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name='causal_conv1d',\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)\n self.kernel_size = kernel_size\n self.dilation = dilation\n\n def forward(self, x):\n weight = self.conv1d.weight\n return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 4501.7s turn · 13.6s LLM · 488.1s tools · tokens in=5,145 · out=730 · total=5,880
reasoning
Now test correctness again.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = '''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int batch_size,\n int in_channels,\n int out_channels,\n int seq_len,\n int kernel_size,\n int dilation\n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int s = idx % seq_len;\n int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;\n int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);\n\n float sum = 0.0f;\n const int pad = (kernel_size - 1) * dilation;\n for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {\n int in_pos = s + k * dilation - pad;\n if (in_pos >= 0 && in_pos < seq_len) {\n for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {\n float in_val = input[(b * in_channels + ic) * seq_len + in_pos];\n float w_val = weight[(oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + k];\n sum += in_val * w_val;\n }\n }\n }\n output[(b * out_channels + oc) * seq_len + s] = sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {\n auto batch_size = input.size(0);\n auto in_channels = input.size(1);\n auto seq_len = input.size(2);\n auto out_channels = weight.size(0);\n\n auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());\n\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n int threads = 512;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n\n causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(),\n weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n output.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size,\n in_channels,\n out_channels,\n seq_len,\n kernel_size,\n dilation\n );\n\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = '''\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);\n'''\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name='causal_conv1d',\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)\n self.kernel_size = kernel_size;\n self.dilation = dilation;\n\n def forward(self, x):\n weight = self.conv1d.weight\n return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.001008', '0.000954', '0.000929', '0.000933', '0.000885'] avg_difference: ['0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128']
turn 5289.8s turn · 17.7s LLM · 272.1s tools · tokens in=5,977 · out=731 · total=7,198
reasoning
Still same diff. The computation is mathematically equivalent, but floating point accumulation order differs, leading to ~1e-3 error which exceeds tol. The thinking trace indicates that the custom CUDA kernel implementation for the PyTorch model's forward computation has an issue with numerical equivalence. The computation is mathematically identical, but due to differences in floating-point accumulation order, there's a small error of about 1e-3, which exceeds the allowed tolerance of 1e-4.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = '''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int batch_size,\n int in_channels,\n int out_channels,\n int seq_len,\n int kernel_size,\n int dilation\n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int s = idx % seq_len;\n int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;\n int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);\n\n double sum = 0.0;\n const int pad = (kernel_size - 1) * dilation;\n for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {\n int in_pos = s + k * dilation - pad;\n if (in_pos >= 0 && in_pos < seq_len) {\n for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {\n double in_val = input[(b * in_channels + ic) * seq_len + in_pos];\n double w_val = weight[(oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + k];\n sum += in_val * w_val;\n }\n }\n }\n output[(b * out_channels + oc) * seq_len + s] = (float)sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {\n auto batch_size = input.size(0);\n auto in_channels = input.size(1);\n auto seq_len = input.size(2);\n auto out_channels = weight.size(0);\n\n auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());\n\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n int threads = 512;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n\n causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(),\n weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n output.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size,\n in_channels,\n out_channels,\n seq_len,\n kernel_size,\n dilation\n );\n\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = '''\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);\n'''\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name='causal_conv1d',\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)\n self.kernel_size = kernel_size;\n self.dilation = dilation;\n\n def forward(self, x):\n weight = self.conv1d.weight\n return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 6809.0s turn · 7.6s LLM · 801.4s tools · tokens in=7,215 · out=732 · total=7,950
reasoning
Test it.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = '''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int batch_size,\n int in_channels,\n int out_channels,\n int seq_len,\n int kernel_size,\n int dilation\n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int s = idx % seq_len;\n int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;\n int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);\n\n double sum = 0.0;\n const int pad = (kernel_size - 1) * dilation;\n for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {\n int in_pos = s + k * dilation - pad;\n if (in_pos >= 0 && in_pos < seq_len) {\n for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {\n double in_val = input[(b * in_channels + ic) * seq_len + in_pos];\n double w_val = weight[(oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + k];\n sum += in_val * w_val;\n }\n }\n }\n output[(b * out_channels + oc) * seq_len + s] = (float)sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {\n auto batch_size = input.size(0);\n auto in_channels = input.size(1);\n auto seq_len = input.size(2);\n auto out_channels = weight.size(0);\n\n auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());\n\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n int threads = 512;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n\n causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(),\n weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n output.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size,\n in_channels,\n out_channels,\n seq_len,\n kernel_size,\n dilation\n );\n\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = '''\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);\n'''\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name='causal_conv1d',\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)\n self.kernel_size = kernel_size;\n self.dilation = dilation;\n\n def forward(self, x):\n weight = self.conv1d.weight\n return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.001008', '0.000954', '0.000930', '0.000933', '0.000885'] avg_difference: ['0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128']
turn 7657.0s turn · 17.2s LLM · 639.8s tools · tokens in=8,047 · out=731 · total=9,208 · FINAL
reasoning
Still same. The fp error is in the input values or weights, the accumulation difference is larger than tol. I need to replace the forward computation of a PyTorch model with a custom CUDA kernel. The new ModelNew class must take the same inputs as the original Model, have the same forward signature, and produce numerically close outputs.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = '''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ input,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int batch_size,\n int in_channels,\n int out_channels,\n int seq_len,\n int kernel_size,\n int dilation\n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int s = idx % seq_len;\n int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;\n int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);\n\n double sum = 0.0;\n const int pad = (kernel_size - 1) * dilation;\n for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {\n int in_pos = s + k * dilation - pad;\n if (in_pos >= 0 && in_pos < seq_len) {\n for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {\n double in_val = input[(b * in_channels + ic) * seq_len + in_pos];\n double w_val = weight[(oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + k];\n sum += in_val * w_val;\n }\n }\n }\n output[(b * out_channels + oc) * seq_len + s] = (float)sum;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {\n auto batch_size = input.size(0);\n auto in_channels = input.size(1);\n auto seq_len = input.size(2);\n auto out_channels = weight.size(0);\n\n auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());\n\n int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;\n int threads = 512;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n\n causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(),\n weight.data_ptr<float>(),\n output.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size,\n in_channels,\n out_channels,\n seq_len,\n kernel_size,\n dilation\n );\n\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncpp_source = '''\ntorch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);\n'''\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name='causal_conv1d',\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)\n self.kernel_size = kernel_size;\n self.dilation = dilation;\n\n def forward(self, x):\n weight = self.conv1d.weight\n return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (fail)
failsubmit_kernel submit_kernel FAILED: correctness check did not pass ((0 / 5) trials). correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.001008', '0.000954', '0.000930', '0.000933', '0.000885'] avg_difference: ['0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128', '0.000128']
final submitted kernel (94 lines, 2,814 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cuda_source = '''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__global__ void causal_conv1d_kernel(
    const float* __restrict__ input,
    const float* __restrict__ weight,
    float* __restrict__ output,
    int batch_size,
    int in_channels,
    int out_channels,
    int seq_len,
    int kernel_size,
    int dilation
) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;
    if (idx >= total) return;

    int s = idx % seq_len;
    int oc = (idx / seq_len) % out_channels;
    int b = idx / (seq_len * out_channels);

    double sum = 0.0;
    const int pad = (kernel_size - 1) * dilation;
    for (int k = 0; k < kernel_size; ++k) {
        int in_pos = s + k * dilation - pad;
        if (in_pos >= 0 && in_pos < seq_len) {
            for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {
                double in_val = input[(b * in_channels + ic) * seq_len + in_pos];
                double w_val = weight[(oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + k];
                sum += in_val * w_val;
            }
        }
    }
    output[(b * out_channels + oc) * seq_len + s] = (float)sum;
}

torch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation) {
    auto batch_size = input.size(0);
    auto in_channels = input.size(1);
    auto seq_len = input.size(2);
    auto out_channels = weight.size(0);

    auto output = torch::zeros({batch_size, out_channels, seq_len}, input.options());

    int total = batch_size * out_channels * seq_len;
    int threads = 512;
    int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;

    causal_conv1d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(
        input.data_ptr<float>(),
        weight.data_ptr<float>(),
        output.data_ptr<float>(),
        batch_size,
        in_channels,
        out_channels,
        seq_len,
        kernel_size,
        dilation
    );

    return output;
}
'''

cpp_source = '''
torch::Tensor causal_conv1d_cuda(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, int kernel_size, int dilation);
'''

module = load_inline(
    name='causal_conv1d',
    cpp_sources=[cpp_source],
    cuda_sources=[cuda_source],
    functions=['causal_conv1d_cuda'],
    verbose=False
)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=1, bias=False):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, dilation=dilation, bias=bias)
        self.kernel_size = kernel_size;
        self.dilation = dilation;

    def forward(self, x):
        weight = self.conv1d.weight
        return module.causal_conv1d_cuda(x, weight, self.kernel_size, self.dilation)