correct
15_COOScatterAddNodeFeatures.py
started
2026-05-11T10:47:12Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
0.04 / — / 0.00 μs
ref mean / median / std
0.02 / — / 3.69e-04 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.12x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
167.97 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.
This is a canonical graph primitive for COO-formatted workloads where edge
messages are already materialized and must be reduced into node states.
"""
def __init__(self, num_nodes):
super().__init__()
self.num_nodes = num_nodes
def forward(
self,
dst_idx: torch.Tensor,
edge_feat: torch.Tensor,
) -> torch.Tensor:
feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]
out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)
out.index_add_(0, dst_idx.long(), edge_feat)
return out
num_nodes = 768
num_edges = 16384
feat_dim = 64
def get_inputs():
p = popcorn_pri
n_edges = p.jitter_int(num_edges)
fd = p.jitter_int(feat_dim, align=8)
dst_idx = torch.randint(0, num_nodes, (n_edges,), dtype=torch.int32)
edge_feat = torch.randn(n_edges, fd, dtype=torch.float32)
return [dst_idx, edge_feat]
def get_init_inputs():
return [num_nodes]
turn 09.9s turn · 9.9s LLM · 0.0s tools · tokens in=1,479 · out=708 · total=2,187
reasoning
Let me analyze this task. I need to replace a scatter-add operation where edge features are accumulated into destination node tensors.
The operation is:
- `dst_idx`: shape (num_edges,), int32 tensor with indices from 0 to num_nodes-1
- `edge_feat`: shape (num_edges, feat_dim), float32 tensor
- Output: shape (num_nodes, feat_dim), float32 tensor where each row is the sum of edge features for edges pointing to that node
The operation `out.index_add_(0, dst_idx.long(), edge_feat)` adds each edge feature vector to the corresponding destination node's accumulator.
Let me think about the kernel design:
1. Simple approach: Each thread handles one edge, atomically adds the feature vector to the destination node
- Problem: Many atomic operations per edge (feat_dim atomics)
2. Better approach: Use shared memory to reduce atomics
- But this gets complex with the scatter pattern
3. Alternative: If we know feat_dim is small (64), we can have each thread handle one edge and do 64 atomic adds
Let me first get GPU specs and then write a kernel.
For this problem:
- num_edges = 16384
- num_nodes = 768
- feat_dim = 64
The data sizes are:
- dst_idx: 16384 * 4 = 64KB
- edge_feat: 16384 * 64 * 4 = 4MB
- output: 768 * 64 * 4 = 192KB
Total input/output: ~4.3MB
For atomics approach:
- Each edge requires feat_dim = 64 atomic adds
- Total atomics: 16384 * 64 = 1,048,576 atomics
This could be slow due to contention if many edges point to the same nodes.
Better approach:
1. Sort edges by destination, then contiguous threads can coalesce writes
2. Or use warp-level reductions to minimize atomics per destination
Another option: have each block handle a subset of nodes, and threads within the block handle edges assigned to those nodes. This reduces contention since atomics are local to nodes in that block. But assignment gets tricky.
For an initial implementation, I'll have each thread process one edge and perform 64 atomic adds, then optimize from there.
Given the constraints (16384 edges, 768 nodes, 64 features per edge), threads are more abundant than nodes, so contention will be significant with naive atomics. I should try a two-phase approach: have each thread block manage a subset of edges and accumulate partial results in shared memory, then combine those partials into global memory. But shared memory would need to be very large if I'm storing intermediate results for many nodes.
A more practical strategy is to have each thread handle one edge and accumulate all 64 features using atomicAdd, potentially vectorizing with float4 to reduce from 64 to 16 operations per edge. Let me start with a straightforward atomic approach first.
Each thread processes a single edge, reading the destination index and feature vector, then atomically adding those features to the output node. For better memory throughput, I can use float4 to load and store 4 floats at once, which improves bandwidth utilization on modern GPUs.
assistantI'll start by examining the GPU specs and then develop an optimized CUDA kernel for this scatter-add operation.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs
{}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs
GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3:
total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB
spec entry: H100
GPU Architecture: Hopper
GPU Memory: 80GB
Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s
FP64 TFLOPS: 34
FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67
FP32 TFLOPS: 67
TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity
BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity
INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity
Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM
Maximum number of registers per thread: 255
Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32
Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB
Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 134.0s turn · 11.6s LLM · 22.4s tools · tokens in=1,748 · out=830 · total=2,578
reasoning
Good, H100 specs. Now let me write the kernel. The key is scatter-add - we have edges (16384) with features (64-dim) and we want to add them to destination nodes.
Let me think about the problem:
- 16384 edges × 64 features = 1,048,576 floats to process
- 768 nodes as output
- Each edge's feature vector needs to be added to node `dst_idx[edge]`
This is memory-bound since it's mostly random writes. The key optimization is to minimize atomic contention.
Let me write a kernel that:
1. Uses threads to process different edges
2. Uses atomics to accumulate into output
3. Potentially uses shared memory for buffering
For small problem sizes, overhead matters. Let me start with a simple approach and see if it works.
assistantNow I'll write an optimized CUDA kernel for the scatter-add operation. This is a memory-bound operation where edge features need to be atomically added to destination node accumulators.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n\n// Simple scatter-add kernel - each thread handles one edge\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n const at::Tensor& dst_idx,\n const at::Tensor& edge_feat,\n at::Tensor& output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 256;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n const at::Tensor& dst_idx,\n const at::Tensor& edge_feat,\n at::Tensor& output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2250.4s turn · 11.1s LLM · 239.3s tools · tokens in=2,415 · out=630 · total=3,045
reasoning
The compilation passed. Now let me check correctness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n\n// Simple scatter-add kernel - each thread handles one edge\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n const at::Tensor& dst_idx,\n const at::Tensor& edge_feat,\n at::Tensor& output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 256;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n const at::Tensor& dst_idx,\n const at::Tensor& edge_feat,\n at::Tensor& output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness
run_correctness FAILED: ? trials did not all match.
runtime_error: expected scalar type Int but found Float
turn 3210.3s turn · 10.3s LLM · 200.1s tools · tokens in=3,060 · out=979 · total=4,039
reasoning
The error is about type mismatch - looks like the dst_idx tensor might be int32 but we're using it differently. Let me check - the issue is that the reference code does `dst_idx.long()` to convert to int64, but we're using int*. I need to handle the index type properly.
Let me fix this by either:
1. Accepting int32 indices in our kernel (the input is int32)
2. Converting to int64/long in the wrapper
Looking at the reference code:
```python
out.index_add_(0, dst_idx.long(), edge_feat)
```
The `dst_idx` comes in as int32, but `index_add_` converts it to long (int64). In our kernel, we should be reading int32 directly since that's what's passed in, but we need to make sure the data pointer access is correct.
The issue might be that I'm using `data_ptr<int>()` but the tensor might be in a different format. Let me try using int64 or handling it differently.
Actually, looking more carefully at the error - "expected scalar type Int but found Float" - this might be related to how PyTorch is calling the C++ function. The function signature uses `at::Tensor` which should handle it, but there might be some automatic type conversion happening.
Let me try a different approach - use int64_t for the index type to match what `dst_idx.long()` produces.
assistantThe issue is with the index type. Let me fix the kernel to properly handle int32 indices:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Simple scatter-add kernel - each thread handles one edge\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n // Ensure indices are int32 on GPU\n at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);\n \n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 256;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 4224.8s turn · 6.0s LLM · 218.8s tools · tokens in=3,753 · out=670 · total=4,423
reasoning
Good, now let me check correctness again.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Simple scatter-add kernel - each thread handles one edge\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n // Ensure indices are int32 on GPU\n at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);\n \n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 256;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=9.54e-06 mean_abs_err=3.77e-07 max_rel_err=4.86e-02
turn 5206.5s turn · 10.9s LLM · 195.6s tools · tokens in=4,471 · out=1,149 · total=5,620
reasoning
The kernel is working correctly. Now let me optimize it further. The current implementation uses one atomic add per feature dimension, which may cause contention. Let me think about optimizations:
1. Use vectorized loads/stores to process multiple features at once
2. Use shared memory for intermediate reductions
3. Use warp-level primitives to reduce atomics
For 64 features per edge, we could use float4 loads to process 4 floats at a time. This would reduce the number of atomic operations from 64 to 16 per edge.
Let me try a vectorized approach using float4.
assistantGood, correctness is passing. Now let me optimize the kernel. With feat_dim=64, I can use vectorized loads/stores with float4 to process 4 features at once, reducing atomic operations:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim_vec4, // feat_dim / 4\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {\n float4 val = feat_ptr[d];\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Fallback kernel for non-divisible feature dimensions\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n // Ensure indices are int32 on GPU\n at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);\n \n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 256;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n // Use vectorized kernel if feat_dim is divisible by 4\n if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {\n scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes\n );\n } else {\n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation with vectorized memory access.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 6222.2s turn · 8.5s LLM · 213.6s tools · tokens in=5,513 · out=996 · total=6,509
reasoning
Good, let me check correctness now.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim_vec4, // feat_dim / 4\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {\n float4 val = feat_ptr[d];\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Fallback kernel for non-divisible feature dimensions\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n // Ensure indices are int32 on GPU\n at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);\n \n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 256;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n // Use vectorized kernel if feat_dim is divisible by 4\n if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {\n scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes\n );\n } else {\n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation with vectorized memory access.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.72e-06 mean_abs_err=3.80e-07 max_rel_err=4.17e-02
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 350.4s turn · 18.0s LLM · tokens in=6,558 · out=1,736 · total=8,294 · 8,511 chars (click to expand)
turn 7350.4s turn · 18.0s LLM · 332.4s tools · tokens in=6,558 · out=1,736 · total=8,294
reasoning
Good, the vectorized version also passes correctness. Now let me think about more optimizations:
1. For a scatter-add operation, the memory access pattern is highly irregular since edges can target any node
2. Atomic contention can be high when multiple edges target the same node
3. On H100, we have 228KB shared memory per SM
One optimization would be to use shared memory as an intermediate buffer. Since we have 768 nodes and 64 features per node, the full output is 768 * 64 * 4 = 196KB which fits in shared memory per SM.
However, the atomic contention pattern would still exist. Another approach is to have each thread block work on a subset of edges and accumulate into a local buffer, then atomically merge into global memory. But this would still have the same contention issues.
Actually, let me think about a different approach - let's try using larger thread blocks and having multiple threads per edge to parallelize the feature dimension processing. This could reduce the number of atomic operations per thread and improve instruction-level parallelism.
Wait, actually the current vectorized version is probably pretty good. Let me try another optimization: using float2 (64-bit) atomics if available on H100, or just trying different block sizes.
Actually, let me try a more aggressive optimization: since the output size (768 nodes x 64 features = 196KB) fits in shared memory, we could have each CTA load a chunk of the output into shared memory, process edges, and then write back. This reduces contention on global memory atomics.
But this approach would need to handle the case where multiple CTAs might update the same node. Actually, this doesn't work well because each edge could go to any node.
Let me try a different approach: privatization. Use thread-local or warp-local accumulators to reduce contention. But since edges can target any of 768 nodes, this won't help much.
Actually, let me focus on what the reference PyTorch operation is doing - index_add_ is typically implemented as a single kernel with atomics as well. My current kernel should be competitive.
Let me try a few more optimizations:
1. Use 128-bit loads (float4) which I already did
2. Try larger thread blocks (512 or 1024)
3. Check if the .to(Int) conversion can be avoided by handling the conversion in Python
Actually, since dst_idx is already int32, the .to() call is unnecessary. Let me check if the reference also calls .long() internally.
Looking at the reference: `out.index_add_(0, dst_idx.long(), edge_feat)` - it converts to int64. My kernel uses int32, which should be fine since indices are < 768.
Let me optimize by:
1. Removing the unnecessary .to() call if the tensor is already int32
2. Trying a different approach where threads process multiple edges to amortize atomic overhead
Actually, wait - let me re-read the reference:
```python
dst_idx = torch.randint(0, num_nodes, (num_edges,), dtype=torch.int32)
```
So dst_idx IS already int32. The .long() call in index_add_ converts it to int64. But my kernel expects int32, so I shouldn't need any conversion. Let me fix that.
Also, let me try a warp-cooperative approach where threads in a warp coordinate their atomic adds to reduce bank conflicts.
assistantLet me try to optimize further by removing the unnecessary type conversion and experimenting with block sizes:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput\n// Each thread processes one edge\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim_vec4, // feat_dim / 4\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n \n // Process all features for this edge\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {\n float4 val = feat_ptr[d];\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Fallback kernel for non-divisible feature dimensions\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n // Assume dst_idx is already contiguous int32 on the correct device\n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 512; // Larger block for better occupancy\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n // Use vectorized kernel if feat_dim is divisible by 4\n if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {\n scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes\n );\n } else {\n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation with vectorized memory access.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 8336.2s turn · 9.7s LLM · 326.4s tools · tokens in=7,593 · out=1,022 · total=8,615
reasoning
Good, let me check correctness and then see if removing the type conversion breaks anything.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput\n// Each thread processes one edge\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim_vec4, // feat_dim / 4\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n \n // Process all features for this edge\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {\n float4 val = feat_ptr[d];\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Fallback kernel for non-divisible feature dimensions\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Host wrapper function\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n // Assume dst_idx is already contiguous int32 on the correct device\n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 512; // Larger block for better occupancy\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n // Use vectorized kernel if feat_dim is divisible by 4\n if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {\n scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes\n );\n } else {\n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the CUDA extension\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"\"\"\n void scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n );\n \"\"\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Scatter-add edge features into destination-node accumulators.\n CUDA-optimized implementation with vectorized memory access.\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(\n self,\n dst_idx: torch.Tensor,\n edge_feat: torch.Tensor,\n ) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n \n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(\n dst_idx, edge_feat, out,\n edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes\n )\n \n return out"
}
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness
run_correctness FAILED: ? trials did not all match.
runtime_error: expected scalar type Int but found Float
turn 9101.8s turn · 8.6s LLM · 93.2s tools · tokens in=8,655 · out=942 · total=9,597
reasoning
I need to fix the type conversion issue. The problem is that dst_idx comes in as int32 but the kernel is expecting it without conversion. Let me add back the type conversion in the host function.
assistantI need to add back the type conversion. Let me fix that:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim_vec4,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n \n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {\n float4 val = feat_ptr[d];\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);\n }\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);\n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 512;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {\n scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes\n );\n } else {\n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"void scatter_add_cuda(at::Tensor dst_idx, at::Tensor edge_feat, at::Tensor output, int64_t num_edges, int64_t feat_dim, int64_t num_nodes);\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(self, dst_idx: torch.Tensor, edge_feat: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(dst_idx, edge_feat, out, edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes)\n return out"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 10181.7s turn · 8.4s LLM · 173.3s tools · tokens in=9,601 · out=905 · total=10,506
reasoning
The kernel compiled. Let me run correctness check quickly, then submit if it passes.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim_vec4,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n \n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {\n float4 val = feat_ptr[d];\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);\n }\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);\n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 512;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {\n scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes\n );\n } else {\n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"void scatter_add_cuda(at::Tensor dst_idx, at::Tensor edge_feat, at::Tensor output, int64_t num_edges, int64_t feat_dim, int64_t num_nodes);\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(self, dst_idx: torch.Tensor, edge_feat: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(dst_idx, edge_feat, out, edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes)\n return out"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.63e-06 mean_abs_err=3.80e-07 max_rel_err=6.21e-02
turn 11200.1s turn · 7.9s LLM · 192.2s tools · tokens in=10,635 · out=900 · total=11,535 · FINAL
reasoning
The kernel is correct and passing. I should submit it now.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cstdio>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\n// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim_vec4,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);\n \n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {\n float4 val = feat_ptr[d];\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);\n }\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(\n const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,\n const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,\n float* __restrict__ output,\n int num_edges,\n int feat_dim,\n int num_nodes\n) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n \n if (edge < num_edges) {\n int dst = dst_idx[edge];\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;\n float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;\n \n for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {\n atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);\n }\n }\n}\n\nvoid scatter_add_cuda(\n at::Tensor dst_idx,\n at::Tensor edge_feat,\n at::Tensor output,\n int64_t num_edges,\n int64_t feat_dim,\n int64_t num_nodes\n) {\n at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);\n const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();\n const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();\n float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();\n \n int block_size = 512;\n int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;\n \n if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {\n scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes\n );\n } else {\n scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(\n dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes\n );\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nscatter_add_ext = load_inline(\n name='scatter_add_ext',\n cpp_sources=\"void scatter_add_cuda(at::Tensor dst_idx, at::Tensor edge_feat, at::Tensor output, int64_t num_edges, int64_t feat_dim, int64_t num_nodes);\",\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],\n with_cuda=True,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_nodes):\n super().__init__()\n self.num_nodes = num_nodes\n\n def forward(self, dst_idx: torch.Tensor, edge_feat: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]\n out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)\n scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(dst_idx, edge_feat, out, edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes)\n return out"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 0.04 μs
Runtime stats: mean=0.04μs median=?μs std=0.00μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.72e-06 mean_abs_err=3.79e-07 max_rel_err=1.48e-02
Memory: 37.31 MB peak (ref: 37.38 MB, ratio: 0.9983x)
Kernel launches: 8 (ref: 9, fusion ratio: 1.125)
SOL score: 0.0501
final submitted kernel (107 lines, 3,364 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
# Define CUDA source with vectorized operations
cuda_source = """
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <ATen/ATen.h>
// Vectorized scatter-add kernel using float4 for better memory throughput
__global__ void scatter_add_kernel_vec4(
const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,
const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,
float* __restrict__ output,
int num_edges,
int feat_dim_vec4,
int num_nodes
) {
int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (edge < num_edges) {
int dst = dst_idx[edge];
const float4* feat_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(edge_feat + edge * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);
float4* out_ptr = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(output + dst * feat_dim_vec4 * 4);
#pragma unroll 4
for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim_vec4; d++) {
float4 val = feat_ptr[d];
atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].x, val.x);
atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].y, val.y);
atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].z, val.z);
atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d].w, val.w);
}
}
}
__global__ void scatter_add_kernel(
const int* __restrict__ dst_idx,
const float* __restrict__ edge_feat,
float* __restrict__ output,
int num_edges,
int feat_dim,
int num_nodes
) {
int edge = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (edge < num_edges) {
int dst = dst_idx[edge];
const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat + edge * feat_dim;
float* out_ptr = output + dst * feat_dim;
for (int d = 0; d < feat_dim; d++) {
atomicAdd(&out_ptr[d], feat_ptr[d]);
}
}
}
void scatter_add_cuda(
at::Tensor dst_idx,
at::Tensor edge_feat,
at::Tensor output,
int64_t num_edges,
int64_t feat_dim,
int64_t num_nodes
) {
at::Tensor dst_idx_int = dst_idx.to(at::ScalarType::Int);
const int* dst_ptr = dst_idx_int.data_ptr<int>();
const float* feat_ptr = edge_feat.data_ptr<float>();
float* out_ptr = output.data_ptr<float>();
int block_size = 512;
int num_blocks = (num_edges + block_size - 1) / block_size;
if (feat_dim % 4 == 0) {
scatter_add_kernel_vec4<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(
dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim / 4, num_nodes
);
} else {
scatter_add_kernel<<<num_blocks, block_size>>>(
dst_ptr, feat_ptr, out_ptr, num_edges, feat_dim, num_nodes
);
}
}
"""
scatter_add_ext = load_inline(
name='scatter_add_ext',
cpp_sources="void scatter_add_cuda(at::Tensor dst_idx, at::Tensor edge_feat, at::Tensor output, int64_t num_edges, int64_t feat_dim, int64_t num_nodes);",
cuda_sources=cuda_source,
functions=['scatter_add_cuda'],
with_cuda=True,
extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_nodes):
super().__init__()
self.num_nodes = num_nodes
def forward(self, dst_idx: torch.Tensor, edge_feat: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
feat_dim = edge_feat.shape[1]
out = torch.zeros(self.num_nodes, feat_dim, dtype=edge_feat.dtype, device=edge_feat.device)
scatter_add_ext.scatter_add_cuda(dst_idx, edge_feat, out, edge_feat.shape[0], feat_dim, self.num_nodes)
return out