compile_fail
32_argmax_tiebreak_smallest_rank.py
started
2026-05-11T19:09:28Z
compile error: Syntax error in custom generated code or ModelNew not found
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
—
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
"""
Over virtual ranks R, for each (B, C) position take the maximum value; on ties choose the smallest rank index.
Output (B, C, 2): [:,:,0] = best value, [:,:,1] = winning rank as float32.
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from kernelbench.distributed_collectives import default_device
R = 4
B = 8
C = 28
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
# x: (R, B, C)
best_val = x[0].clone()
best_idx = torch.zeros(B, C, dtype=torch.long, device=x.device)
for r in range(1, R):
xv = x[r]
improved = xv > best_val
tied = (xv == best_val) & ~improved
best_idx = torch.where(
improved,
torch.full_like(best_idx, r),
torch.where(
tied,
torch.minimum(best_idx, torch.full_like(best_idx, r)),
best_idx,
),
)
best_val = torch.where(improved, xv, best_val)
stacked = torch.stack([best_val, best_idx.to(best_val.dtype)], dim=-1)
return stacked
def get_inputs():
dev = default_device()
p = popcorn_pri
return [torch.randn(R, p.jitter_int(B), p.jitter_int(C), device=dev)]
def get_init_inputs():
return []
turn 0322.4s turn · 4.1s LLM · 318.3s tools · tokens in=2,105 · out=6 · total=2,386
reasoning
The task is to replace the forward computation with a custom CUDA kernel for finding the maximum value across virtual ranks R, and on ties, the smallest rank index. Output is (B, C, 2) with value and ...
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs
{}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs
GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3:
total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB
spec entry: H100
GPU Architecture: Hopper
GPU Memory: 80GB
Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s
FP64 TFLOPS: 34
FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67
FP32 TFLOPS: 67
TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity
BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity
INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity
Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM
Maximum number of registers per thread: 255
Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32
Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB
Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1219.4s turn · 12.9s LLM · 206.5s tools · tokens in=2,619 · out=490 · total=3,136
reasoning
GPU is H100, high bandwidth.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void max_rank_kernel(const float* x, float* out, int R, int B, int C) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = B * C;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int b = idx / C;\n int c = idx % C;\n\n float best_val = x[0 * B * C + b * C + c];\n int best_idx = 0;\n for (int r = 1; r < R; ++r) {\n float xv = x[r * B * C + b * C + c];\n if (xv > best_val) {\n best_val = xv;\n best_idx = r;\n } else if (xv == best_val && r < best_idx) {\n best_idx = r;\n }\n }\n out[idx * 2 + 0] = best_val;\n out[idx * 2 + 1] = (float)best_idx;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n int R = x.size(0);\n int B = x.size(1);\n int C = x.size(2);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, C, 2}, x.options());\n int total = B * C;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n max_rank_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), R, B, C);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"max_rank_module\",\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=[\"max_rank_cuda\"],\n verbose=True,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.max_rank_cuda(x)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2587.3s turn · 8.4s LLM · 578.9s tools · tokens in=3,153 · out=491 · total=3,651
reasoning
Compiled successfully. Now check correctness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void max_rank_kernel(const float* x, float* out, int R, int B, int C) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = B * C;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int b = idx / C;\n int c = idx % C;\n\n float best_val = x[0 * B * C + b * C + c];\n int best_idx = 0;\n for (int r = 1; r < R; ++r) {\n float xv = x[r * B * C + b * C + c];\n if (xv > best_val) {\n best_val = xv;\n best_idx = r;\n } else if (xv == best_val && r < best_idx) {\n best_idx = r;\n }\n }\n out[idx * 2 + 0] = best_val;\n out[idx * 2 + 1] = (float)best_idx;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n int R = x.size(0);\n int B = x.size(1);\n int C = x.size(2);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, C, 2}, x.options());\n int total = B * C;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n max_rank_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), R, B, C);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"max_rank_module\",\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=[\"max_rank_cuda\"],\n verbose=True,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.max_rank_cuda(x)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (3 / 3) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 3250.7s turn · 8.9s LLM · 241.8s tools · tokens in=3,711 · out=490 · total=4,233
reasoning
Correct! Now, since it's small, but to check if faster, I need to submit or profile.
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void max_rank_kernel(const float* x, float* out, int R, int B, int C) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = B * C;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int b = idx / C;\n int c = idx % C;\n\n float best_val = x[0 * B * C + b * C + c];\n int best_idx = 0;\n for (int r = 1; r < R; ++r) {\n float xv = x[r * B * C + b * C + c];\n if (xv > best_val) {\n best_val = xv;\n best_idx = r;\n } else if (xv == best_val && r < best_idx) {\n best_idx = r;\n }\n }\n out[idx * 2 + 0] = best_val;\n out[idx * 2 + 1] = (float)best_idx;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n int R = x.size(0);\n int B = x.size(1);\n int C = x.size(2);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, C, 2}, x.options());\n int total = B * C;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n max_rank_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), R, B, C);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"max_rank_module\",\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=[\"max_rank_cuda\"],\n verbose=True,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.max_rank_cuda(x)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 34.0μs (100%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 3.68 μs
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 3.3/3350 GB/s (0.1%)
read=3.3 write=0.0 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=98.3%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Pipe util: FMA=2.3%, Tensor=0.0%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: UNKNOWN
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 11.2%
Eligible warps/cycle: 0.06
WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism
Launch: regs/thread=32, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=1
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 4.00 sectors/req (4.0x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 1566.6% ####################
short_scoreboard 84.8% ################
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 1567% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=4.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=4.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 4x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
-> Low occupancy (11%). Consider __launch_bounds__ or reducing register pressure.
-> Low eligible warps + low BW% + low compute% = LATENCY-BOUND. Need more parallelism (larger grid, more ILP, prefetching).
turn 46.3s turn · 6.3s LLM · 0.0s tools · tokens in=4,666 · out=483 · total=5,197
reasoning
It's very fast already, 3.68us, but reference might be slower due to Python loops.
assistant```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
cuda_source = """
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
__global__ void max_rank_kernel(const float* x, float* out, int R, int B, int C) {
int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
int total = B * C;
if (idx >= total) return;
int b = idx / C;
int c = idx % C;
float best_val = x[0 * B * C + b * C + c];
int best_idx = 0;
for (int r = 1; r < R; ++r) {
float xv = x[r * B * C + b * C + c];
if (xv > best_val) {
best_val = xv;
best_idx = r;
} else if (xv == best_val && r < best_idx) {
best_idx = r;
}
}
out[idx * 2 + 0] = best_val;
out[idx * 2 + 1] = (float)best_idx;
}
torch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {
int R = x.size(0);
int B = x.size(1);
int C = x.size(2);
auto out = torch::empty({B, C, 2}, x.options());
int total = B * C;
int threads = 256;
int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;
max_rank_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), R, B, C);
return out;
}
"""
cpp_source = """
torch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x);
"""
module = load_inline(
name="max_rank_module",
cpp_sources=[cpp_source],
cuda_sources=[cuda_source],
functions=["max_rank_cuda"],
verbose=False,
with_cuda=True,
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.module = module
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
return self.module.max_rank_cuda(x)
```
turn 5229.9s turn · 7.7s LLM · 222.2s tools · tokens in=5,265 · out=491 · total=5,784 · FINAL
reasoning
The previous response was the submission code, but it says "Your last reply had no tool calls." I need to call submit_kernel now.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void max_rank_kernel(const float* x, float* out, int R, int B, int C) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = B * C;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int b = idx / C;\n int c = idx % C;\n\n float best_val = x[0 * B * C + b * C + c];\n int best_idx = 0;\n for (int r = 1; r < R; ++r) {\n float xv = x[r * B * C + b * C + c];\n if (xv > best_val) {\n best_val = xv;\n best_idx = r;\n } else if (xv == best_val && r < best_idx) {\n best_idx = r;\n }\n }\n out[idx * 2 + 0] = best_val;\n out[idx * 2 + 1] = (float)best_idx;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n int R = x.size(0);\n int B = x.size(1);\n int C = x.size(2);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, C, 2}, x.options());\n int total = B * C;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n max_rank_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), R, B, C);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\ntorch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\nmodule = load_inline(\n name=\"max_rank_module\",\n cpp_sources=[cpp_source],\n cuda_sources=[cuda_source],\n functions=[\"max_rank_cuda\"],\n verbose=False,\n with_cuda=True,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n self.module = module\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return self.module.max_rank_cuda(x)\n```"
}
result ← submit_kernel (fail)
failsubmit_kernel
submit_kernel FAILED: kernel did not compile.
Syntax error in custom generated code or ModelNew not found
final submitted kernel (65 lines, 1,660 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
cuda_source = """
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
__global__ void max_rank_kernel(const float* x, float* out, int R, int B, int C) {
int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
int total = B * C;
if (idx >= total) return;
int b = idx / C;
int c = idx % C;
float best_val = x[0 * B * C + b * C + c];
int best_idx = 0;
for (int r = 1; r < R; ++r) {
float xv = x[r * B * C + b * C + c];
if (xv > best_val) {
best_val = xv;
best_idx = r;
} else if (xv == best_val && r < best_idx) {
best_idx = r;
}
}
out[idx * 2 + 0] = best_val;
out[idx * 2 + 1] = (float)best_idx;
}
torch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {
int R = x.size(0);
int B = x.size(1);
int C = x.size(2);
auto out = torch::empty({B, C, 2}, x.options());
int total = B * C;
int threads = 256;
int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;
max_rank_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), R, B, C);
return out;
}
"""
cpp_source = """
torch::Tensor max_rank_cuda(torch::Tensor x);
"""
module = load_inline(
name="max_rank_module",
cpp_sources=[cpp_source],
cuda_sources=[cuda_source],
functions=["max_rank_cuda"],
verbose=False,
with_cuda=True,
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.module = module
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
return self.module.max_rank_cuda(x)
```