FW-GLM-5-1 · popcorn · pop_l123_all_gpt
correct 44_ReparameterizationTrick.py
model
FW-GLM-5-1
turns / max
13 / 15
tool calls
14
tokens (total)
334704
wall clock
3796.1s
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
popcorn
runtime
0.17 μs
ref runtime
0.39 μs
speedup
2.36x
started
2026-05-11T18:18:09Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
0.17 μs
ref runtime
0.39 μs
speedup
2.36x
kernel mean / median / std
0.17 / — / 0.02 μs
ref mean / median / std
0.39 / — / 0.02 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
1.53e-05
mean abs error
7.12e-08
max rel error
7.04e-04
mean rel error
1.22e-07
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
33.69 MB
ref peak
34.69 MB
kernel / ref
0.97x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
64
ref launches
113
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.77x
total cuda time
1404 μs
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.527
dram util %
6.4%
compute util %
52.7%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
213.74 GB/s
dram util %
6.4%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
193.2%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
52.7%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
2091.2%
ld sectors / req
69.75
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
662
smem / block
25728 B
block size
3842
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
6335.9%
short_scoreboard
6003.7%
mio_throttle
41.5%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn


class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Reparameterization trick for differentiable sampling from a diagonal
    Gaussian.  Separates stochasticity from parameters so that gradients
    flow through mu and log_var.  Also demonstrates a "mixture of
    Gaussians" reparameterization with learnable component weights.
    """

    def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):
        super().__init__()
        self.latent_dim = latent_dim
        self.num_components = num_components
        if num_components > 1:
            self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))

    def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:
        """
        Args:
            mu:      (B, K, D) or (B, D) – means
            log_var: (B, K, D) or (B, D) – log-variances
        Returns:
            (z, log_q_z):
                z:       (B, D) – sampled latents
                log_q_z: (B,)   – log-density of sample under q
        """
        std = torch.exp(0.5 * log_var)

        if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:
            weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0)  # (K,)
            # Sample component
            comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1)
            batch_idx = torch.arange(mu.shape[0], device=mu.device)
            mu_k = mu[batch_idx, comp]
            std_k = std[batch_idx, comp]
            z = mu_k + std_k * torch.randn_like(mu_k)
            # log q(z) under mixture
            log_probs = -0.5 * ((z.unsqueeze(1) - mu) / std) ** 2 - log_var * 0.5 - 0.5 * torch.log(torch.tensor(2 * 3.14159265))
            log_probs = log_probs.sum(-1) + weights.log().unsqueeze(0)
            log_q_z = torch.logsumexp(log_probs, dim=1)
        else:
            if mu.dim() == 3:
                mu = mu[:, 0]
                std = std[:, 0]
                log_var = log_var[:, 0]
            z = mu + std * torch.randn_like(mu)
            log_q_z = (-0.5 * ((z - mu) / std) ** 2 - 0.5 * log_var - 0.5 * torch.log(torch.tensor(2 * 3.14159265))).sum(-1)

        return z, log_q_z


latent_dim = 64
num_components = 4
batch_size = 256


def get_inputs():
    p = popcorn_pri
    mu = torch.randn(p.jitter_int(batch_size), num_components, latent_dim)
    log_var = torch.randn(p.jitter_int(batch_size), num_components, latent_dim) * 0.5
    return [mu, log_var]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [latent_dim, num_components]
turn 0176.9s turn · 6.5s LLM · 170.4s tools · tokens in=2,467 · out=518 · total=2,985
reasoning
Let me understand the problem: 1. We have a PyTorch model that implements a reparameterization trick for differentiable sampling from a diagonal Gaussian 2. The model supports a mixture of Gaussians with learnable component weights 3. We need to write a custom CUDA kernel that's faster than the PyTorch reference Let me break down the forward pass: **Case 1: num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3** - Compute weights via softmax on logits - Sample component index using multinomial - Select mu_k and std_k for the sampled component - Sample z = mu_k + std_k * epsilon - Compute log q(z) under the mixture **Case 2: else (num_components == 1 or mu.dim() != 3)** - If dim == 3, take first component - Sample z = mu + std * epsilon - Compute log q(z) The tricky parts are: 1. The multinomial sampling - this is complex to implement efficiently in CUDA 2. The logsumexp operation for computing log q(z) Let me think about how to optimize this: 1. The softmax on logits is trivial (just K elements) 2. The multinomial sampling is the main challenge - we need to sample one component per batch element 3. The main computation involves: - std = exp(0.5 * log_var) - Sampling from normal distribution - Computing log probabilities For the CUDA kernel, I need to be careful about: 1. Random number generation - I'll need to use CUDA's random number generation 2. The multinomial sampling 3. Efficient computation of logsumexp Let me start by writing a basic kernel and then optimize it. Actually, looking at this more carefully, the operations are: 1. std = exp(0.5 * log_var) - element-wise 2. weights = softmax(logits) - small K x K computation 3. Multinomial sampling - per batch element 4. Indexing to get mu_k, std_k, then computing z by adding normal noise 5. Computing log_q_z through log probabilities and logsumexp The main optimization opportunities are fusing operations together and handling random number generation efficiently. I should write a kernel that handles all these steps in one pass rather than launching multiple separate kernels.
assistantI'll start by understanding the GPU specs and then implement a custom CUDA kernel for this reparameterization trick.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
call → ert_roofline
callert_roofline {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
result ← ert_roofline (ok)
okert_roofline ert_roofline PASSED: empirical roofline benchmarks complete. === Empirical Roofline Model === Device: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3 --- Measured Bandwidth --- L1 13.6 GB/s (working set: 32 KB) L2 927.6 GB/s (working set: 2048 KB) DRAM 2577.3 GB/s (working set: 262144 KB) --- Measured Compute Throughput --- FP32 51.85 TFLOPS FP16 (tensor core) 758.77 TFLOPS Ridge point (FP32): 20.12 FLOPs/byte Kernels with arithmetic intensity below the ridge point are memory-bound; above it they are compute-bound.
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 184.6s turn · 38.2s LLM · tokens in=2,923 · out=4,166 · total=7,089 · 17,220 chars (click to expand)
turn 1184.6s turn · 38.2s LLM · 146.5s tools · tokens in=2,923 · out=4,166 · total=7,089
reasoning
Good. Now let me implement a first version of the kernel. The model does: 1. Computes std = exp(0.5 * log_var) 2. Computes weights = softmax(logits) if num_components > 1 3. Samples a component per batch element using multinomial 4. Extracts mu_k and std_k for the sampled components 5. Samples z = mu_k + std_k * randn 6. Computes log_q_z under the mixture Let me implement this step by step. The key operations are: - softmax - multinomial sampling - random number generation - logsumexp I'll write a kernel that handles all of this.
assistantLet me implement a custom CUDA kernel for this reparameterization trick model:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n// Constants\nconstexpr float PI = 3.14159265358979323846f;\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f; // -0.5 * log(2*pi)\n\n// Warp-level reduction for sum\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Warp-level reduce max\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce max\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) {\n val = fmaxf(val, shared[i]);\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce sum\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) {\n val += shared[i];\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Initialize cuRAND states\n__global__ void init_curand_kernel(curandState* states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx < n) {\n curand_init(seed, idx, 0, &states[idx]);\n }\n}\n\n// Main kernel for mixture of Gaussians reparameterization\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ logits, // (K,)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n // Load cuRAND state\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n // Step 1: Compute softmax weights in shared memory\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem; // size K\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components; // size K\n float* log_probs_comp = smem + 2 * num_components; // size K (for logsumexp reduction)\n \n // Compute max logit for numerical stability\n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n // Compute softmax weights\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f); // avoid log(0)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 2: Sample component using multinomial (cumulative sum method)\n int sampled_comp = 0;\n if (tid == 0) {\n float u = curand_uniform(&local_state);\n float cumsum = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n cumsum += weights[k];\n if (u <= cumsum) {\n sampled_comp = k;\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Broadcast sampled component to all threads\n __shared__ int shared_comp;\n if (tid == 0) {\n shared_comp = sampled_comp;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n sampled_comp = shared_comp;\n \n // Step 3: Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n // Each thread handles multiple latent dimensions\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 4: Compute log q(z) under mixture\n // log q(z) = logsumexp_k [ log w_k + sum_d log N(z_d | mu_{k,d}, var_{k,d}) ]\n // log N(z|mu,sigma^2) = -0.5 * ((z-mu)/sigma)^2 - 0.5 * log(var) - 0.5 * log(2*pi)\n \n // For each component, compute sum over latent dims\n // Each block thread works on a subset of latent dims per component\n \n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32]; // max 32 components for simplicity\n \n // Initialize component log probs\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k]; // Start with log(w_k)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Accumulate per-component log probabilities\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n \n // Log prob contribution: -0.5*((z-mu)/std)^2 - 0.5*log_var - 0.5*log(2pi)\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n // Compute logsumexp over components\n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n \n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n \n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n \n // Save state back\n if (tid == 0) {\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Single component case kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = has_components_dim ? mu + b * latent_dim : mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = has_components_dim ? log_var + b * latent_dim : log_var + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n // Accumulate log prob\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Host functions\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n init_curand_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(states_ptr, seed, n);\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* logits_ptr = logits.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n size_t shared_mem = 3 * num_components * sizeof(float);\n \n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, threads, shared_mem>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, logits_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, threads>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n\n// Size of curandState in bytes\nconstexpr size_t CURAND_STATE_SIZE = sizeof(curandState);\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n);\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, \n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim, bool has_components_dim);\n\ntorch::Tensor create_curand_states(int batch_size, unsigned long long seed) {\n // Allocate raw bytes for curand states\n auto options = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kByte).device(torch::kCUDA);\n torch::Tensor states = torch::empty({static_cast<long>(batch_size * CURAND_STATE_SIZE)}, options);\n init_curand_cuda(states, seed, batch_size);\n return states;\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor states, bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = has_components_dim ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the extension\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_cuda',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['create_curand_states', 'forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n # Initialize curand states on module creation\n self.register_buffer('_curand_states', None, persistent=False)\n self._batch_size_cached = 0\n \n def _ensure_curand_states(self, batch_size, device):\n if self._curand_states is None or self._batch_size_cached != batch_size:\n import random\n seed = random.randint(0, 2**31 - 1)\n self._curand_states = extension.create_curand_states(batch_size, seed)\n self._batch_size_cached = batch_size\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n # Ensure contiguous float32 tensors\n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n self._ensure_curand_states(batch_size, device)\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), self._curand_states\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n has_components_dim = (mu.dim() == 3)\n if has_components_dim:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(\n mu, log_var, self._curand_states, has_components_dim\n )\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 248.4s turn · 32.1s LLM · tokens in=6,963 · out=4,041 · total=11,004 · 20,406 chars (click to expand)
turn 2248.4s turn · 32.1s LLM · 216.3s tools · tokens in=6,963 · out=4,041 · total=11,004
reasoning
The kernel compiled successfully. Now let me test correctness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n// Constants\nconstexpr float PI = 3.14159265358979323846f;\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f; // -0.5 * log(2*pi)\n\n// Warp-level reduction for sum\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Warp-level reduce max\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce max\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) {\n val = fmaxf(val, shared[i]);\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce sum\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) {\n val += shared[i];\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Initialize cuRAND states\n__global__ void init_curand_kernel(curandState* states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx < n) {\n curand_init(seed, idx, 0, &states[idx]);\n }\n}\n\n// Main kernel for mixture of Gaussians reparameterization\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ logits, // (K,)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n // Load cuRAND state\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n // Step 1: Compute softmax weights in shared memory\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem; // size K\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components; // size K\n float* log_probs_comp = smem + 2 * num_components; // size K (for logsumexp reduction)\n \n // Compute max logit for numerical stability\n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n // Compute softmax weights\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f); // avoid log(0)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 2: Sample component using multinomial (cumulative sum method)\n int sampled_comp = 0;\n if (tid == 0) {\n float u = curand_uniform(&local_state);\n float cumsum = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n cumsum += weights[k];\n if (u <= cumsum) {\n sampled_comp = k;\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Broadcast sampled component to all threads\n __shared__ int shared_comp;\n if (tid == 0) {\n shared_comp = sampled_comp;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n sampled_comp = shared_comp;\n \n // Step 3: Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n // Each thread handles multiple latent dimensions\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 4: Compute log q(z) under mixture\n // log q(z) = logsumexp_k [ log w_k + sum_d log N(z_d | mu_{k,d}, var_{k,d}) ]\n // log N(z|mu,sigma^2) = -0.5 * ((z-mu)/sigma)^2 - 0.5 * log(var) - 0.5 * log(2*pi)\n \n // For each component, compute sum over latent dims\n // Each block thread works on a subset of latent dims per component\n \n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32]; // max 32 components for simplicity\n \n // Initialize component log probs\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k]; // Start with log(w_k)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Accumulate per-component log probabilities\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n \n // Log prob contribution: -0.5*((z-mu)/std)^2 - 0.5*log_var - 0.5*log(2pi)\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n // Compute logsumexp over components\n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n \n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n \n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n \n // Save state back\n if (tid == 0) {\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Single component case kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = has_components_dim ? mu + b * latent_dim : mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = has_components_dim ? log_var + b * latent_dim : log_var + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n // Accumulate log prob\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Host functions\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n init_curand_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(states_ptr, seed, n);\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* logits_ptr = logits.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n size_t shared_mem = 3 * num_components * sizeof(float);\n \n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, threads, shared_mem>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, logits_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, threads>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n\n// Size of curandState in bytes\nconstexpr size_t CURAND_STATE_SIZE = sizeof(curandState);\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n);\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, \n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim, bool has_components_dim);\n\ntorch::Tensor create_curand_states(int batch_size, unsigned long long seed) {\n // Allocate raw bytes for curand states\n auto options = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kByte).device(torch::kCUDA);\n torch::Tensor states = torch::empty({static_cast<long>(batch_size * CURAND_STATE_SIZE)}, options);\n init_curand_cuda(states, seed, batch_size);\n return states;\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor states, bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = has_components_dim ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the extension\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_cuda',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['create_curand_states', 'forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n # Initialize curand states on module creation\n self.register_buffer('_curand_states', None, persistent=False)\n self._batch_size_cached = 0\n \n def _ensure_curand_states(self, batch_size, device):\n if self._curand_states is None or self._batch_size_cached != batch_size:\n import random\n seed = random.randint(0, 2**31 - 1)\n self._curand_states = extension.create_curand_states(batch_size, seed)\n self._batch_size_cached = batch_size\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n # Ensure contiguous float32 tensors\n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n self._ensure_curand_states(batch_size, device)\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), self._curand_states\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n has_components_dim = (mu.dim() == 3)\n if has_components_dim:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(\n mu, log_var, self._curand_states, has_components_dim\n )\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: kernel did not compile. Error building extension 'reparam_cuda_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=reparam_cuda_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/main.cpp -o main.o FAILED: [code=1] main.o /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=reparam_cuda_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/main.cpp -o main.o /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/main.cpp: In function 'std::tuple<at::Tensor, at::Tensor> forward_single(at::Tensor, at::Tensor, at::Tensor, bool)': /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/main.cpp:48:10: error: conflicting declaration 'auto z' 48 | auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options()); | ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/main.cpp:47:10: note: previous declaration as 'at::Tensor z' 47 | auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options()); | ^ [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=reparam_cuda_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/cuda.cu(109): warning #177-D: variable "log_probs_comp" was declared but never referenced float* log_probs_comp = smem + 2 * num_components; ^ Remark: The warnings can be suppressed with "-diag-suppress <warning-number>" /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_eb79832b1fc2/reparam_cuda/cuda.cu(12): warning #177-D: variable "PI" was declared but never referenced constexpr float PI = 3.14159265358979323846f; ^ ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 3 · 1 tool call(s) · 132.1s turn · 31.6s LLM · tokens in=12,197 · out=3,998 · total=16,195 · 16,609 chars (click to expand)
turn 3132.1s turn · 31.6s LLM · 100.5s tools · tokens in=12,197 · out=3,998 · total=16,195
reasoning
I have a duplicate variable declaration `z` in the `forward_single` function. Let me fix that.
assistantI have a duplicate variable declaration. Let me fix it:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n// Constants\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f; // -0.5 * log(2*pi)\n\n// Warp-level reduction for sum\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Warp-level reduce max\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce max\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) {\n val = fmaxf(val, shared[i]);\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce sum\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) {\n val += shared[i];\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Initialize cuRAND states\n__global__ void init_curand_kernel(curandState* states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx < n) {\n curand_init(seed, idx, 0, &states[idx]);\n }\n}\n\n// Main kernel for mixture of Gaussians reparameterization\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ logits, // (K,)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n // Load cuRAND state\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n // Step 1: Compute softmax weights in shared memory\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem; // size K\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components; // size K\n \n // Compute max logit for numerical stability\n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n // Compute softmax weights\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f); // avoid log(0)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 2: Sample component using multinomial (cumulative sum method)\n int sampled_comp = 0;\n if (tid == 0) {\n float u = curand_uniform(&local_state);\n float cumsum = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n cumsum += weights[k];\n if (u <= cumsum) {\n sampled_comp = k;\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Broadcast sampled component to all threads\n __shared__ int shared_comp;\n if (tid == 0) {\n shared_comp = sampled_comp;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n sampled_comp = shared_comp;\n \n // Step 3: Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n // Each thread handles multiple latent dimensions\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 4: Compute log q(z) under mixture\n // log q(z) = logsumexp_k [ log w_k + sum_d log N(z_d | mu_{k,d}, var_{k,d}) ]\n // log N(z|mu,sigma^2) = -0.5 * ((z-mu)/sigma)^2 - 0.5 * log(var) - 0.5 * log(2*pi)\n \n // For each component, compute sum over latent dims\n // Each block thread works on a subset of latent dims per component\n \n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32]; // max 32 components for simplicity\n \n // Initialize component log probs\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k]; // Start with log(w_k)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Accumulate per-component log probabilities\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n \n // Log prob contribution: -0.5*((z-mu)/std)^2 - 0.5*log_var - 0.5*log(2pi)\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n // Compute logsumexp over components\n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n \n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n \n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n \n // Save state back\n if (tid == 0) {\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Single component case kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = has_components_dim ? mu + b * latent_dim : mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = has_components_dim ? log_var + b * latent_dim : log_var + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n // Accumulate log prob\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Host functions\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n init_curand_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(states_ptr, seed, n);\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* logits_ptr = logits.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n size_t shared_mem = 2 * num_components * sizeof(float);\n \n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, threads, shared_mem>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, logits_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, threads>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n\n// Size of curandState in bytes\nconstexpr size_t CURAND_STATE_SIZE = sizeof(curandState);\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n);\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, \n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim, bool has_components_dim);\n\ntorch::Tensor create_curand_states(int batch_size, unsigned long long seed) {\n // Allocate raw bytes for curand states\n auto options = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kByte).device(torch::kCUDA);\n torch::Tensor states = torch::empty({static_cast<long>(batch_size * CURAND_STATE_SIZE)}, options);\n init_curand_cuda(states, seed, batch_size);\n return states;\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor states, bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = has_components_dim ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the extension\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_cuda',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['create_curand_states', 'forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n # Initialize curand states on module creation\n self.register_buffer('_curand_states', None, persistent=False)\n self._batch_size_cached = 0\n \n def _ensure_curand_states(self, batch_size, device):\n if self._curand_states is None or self._batch_size_cached != batch_size:\n import random\n seed = random.randint(0, 2**31 - 1)\n self._curand_states = extension.create_curand_states(batch_size, seed)\n self._batch_size_cached = batch_size\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n # Ensure contiguous float32 tensors\n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n self._ensure_curand_states(batch_size, device)\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), self._curand_states\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n has_components_dim = (mu.dim() == 3)\n if has_components_dim:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(\n mu, log_var, self._curand_states, has_components_dim\n )\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 256.2s turn · 33.1s LLM · tokens in=16,186 · out=3,996 · total=20,182 · 16,760 chars (click to expand)
turn 4256.2s turn · 33.1s LLM · 223.1s tools · tokens in=16,186 · out=3,996 · total=20,182
reasoning
Now let's test for correctness. The correctness test might fail because of numerical differences due to the stochastic nature of sampling. Let me run the test and see.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n// Constants\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f; // -0.5 * log(2*pi)\n\n// Warp-level reduction for sum\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Warp-level reduce max\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce max\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) {\n val = fmaxf(val, shared[i]);\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Block-level reduce sum\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared[wid] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n val = shared[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < blockDim.x / 32; ++i) val += shared[i];\n }\n shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Initialize cuRAND states\n__global__ void init_curand_kernel(curandState* states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx < n) {\n curand_init(seed, idx, 0, &states[idx]);\n }\n}\n\n// Main kernel for mixture of Gaussians reparameterization\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, K, D)\n const float* __restrict__ logits, // (K,)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n // Load cuRAND state\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n // Step 1: Compute softmax weights in shared memory\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem; // size K\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components; // size K\n \n // Compute max logit for numerical stability\n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n // Compute softmax weights\n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f); // avoid log(0)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 2: Sample component using multinomial (cumulative sum method)\n int sampled_comp = 0;\n if (tid == 0) {\n float u = curand_uniform(&local_state);\n float cumsum = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n cumsum += weights[k];\n if (u <= cumsum) {\n sampled_comp = k;\n break;\n }\n }\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Broadcast sampled component to all threads\n __shared__ int shared_comp;\n if (tid == 0) {\n shared_comp = sampled_comp;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n sampled_comp = shared_comp;\n \n // Step 3: Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n // Each thread handles multiple latent dimensions\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 4: Compute log q(z) under mixture\n // log q(z) = logsumexp_k [ log w_k + sum_d log N(z_d | mu_{k,d}, var_{k,d}) ]\n // log N(z|mu,sigma^2) = -0.5 * ((z-mu)/sigma)^2 - 0.5 * log(var) - 0.5 * log(2*pi)\n \n // For each component, compute sum over latent dims\n // Each block thread works on a subset of latent dims per component\n \n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32]; // max 32 components for simplicity\n \n // Initialize component log probs\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k]; // Start with log(w_k)\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Accumulate per-component log probabilities\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n \n // Log prob contribution: -0.5*((z-mu)/std)^2 - 0.5*log_var - 0.5*log(2pi)\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n // Compute logsumexp over components\n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n \n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n \n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n \n // Save state back\n if (tid == 0) {\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Single component case kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n const float* __restrict__ log_var, // (B, D) or (B, 1, D)\n float* __restrict__ z, // (B, D)\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z, // (B,)\n curandState* states, // (B,)\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = has_components_dim ? mu + b * latent_dim : mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = has_components_dim ? log_var + b * latent_dim : log_var + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n // Accumulate log prob\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n// Host functions\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n init_curand_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(states_ptr, seed, n);\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* logits_ptr = logits.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n size_t shared_mem = 2 * num_components * sizeof(float);\n \n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, threads, shared_mem>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, logits_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu,\n torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z,\n torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim,\n bool has_components_dim\n) {\n const float* mu_ptr = mu.data_ptr<float>();\n const float* log_var_ptr = log_var.data_ptr<float>();\n float* z_ptr = z.data_ptr<float>();\n float* log_q_z_ptr = log_q_z.data_ptr<float>();\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n \n int threads = 256;\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, threads>>>(\n mu_ptr, log_var_ptr, z_ptr, log_q_z_ptr, states_ptr,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n\n// Size of curandState in bytes\nconstexpr size_t CURAND_STATE_SIZE = sizeof(curandState);\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n);\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, \n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim, bool has_components_dim);\n\ntorch::Tensor create_curand_states(int batch_size, unsigned long long seed) {\n // Allocate raw bytes for curand states\n auto options = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kByte).device(torch::kCUDA);\n torch::Tensor states = torch::empty({static_cast<long>(batch_size * CURAND_STATE_SIZE)}, options);\n init_curand_cuda(states, seed, batch_size);\n return states;\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor states, bool has_components_dim\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = has_components_dim ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, latent_dim, has_components_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n# Load the extension\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_cuda',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['create_curand_states', 'forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n # Initialize curand states on module creation\n self.register_buffer('_curand_states', None, persistent=False)\n self._batch_size_cached = 0\n \n def _ensure_curand_states(self, batch_size, device):\n if self._curand_states is None or self._batch_size_cached != batch_size:\n import random\n seed = random.randint(0, 2**31 - 1)\n self._curand_states = extension.create_curand_states(batch_size, seed)\n self._batch_size_cached = batch_size\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n # Ensure contiguous float32 tensors\n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n self._ensure_curand_states(batch_size, device)\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), self._curand_states\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n has_components_dim = (mu.dim() == 3)\n if has_components_dim:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(\n mu, log_var, self._curand_states, has_components_dim\n )\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: kernel did not compile. /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/pop_l123_all_gpt/popcorn/FW-GLM-5-1/level_2_problem_44_cache/k_72bb0e0ff2fa/reparam_cuda/reparam_cuda_v3.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
turn 5 · 1 tool call(s) · 227.4s turn · 25.6s LLM · tokens in=20,230 · out=3,193 · total=23,423 · 13,435 chars (click to expand)
turn 5227.4s turn · 25.6s LLM · 201.8s tools · tokens in=20,230 · out=3,193 · total=23,423
reasoning
The compilation succeeded but then there's an issue with loading the shared object. Let me try a different approach - I'll simplify the extension by using unique name and cleaner code.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = shared[lane];\n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void init_curand_kernel(curandState* states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx < n) curand_init(seed, idx, 0, &states[idx]);\n}\n\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n curandState* states,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem;\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components;\n \n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n __shared__ int shared_comp;\n if (tid == 0) {\n float u = curand_uniform(&local_state);\n float cumsum = 0.0f;\n int sampled_comp = 0;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n cumsum += weights[k];\n if (u <= cumsum) {\n sampled_comp = k;\n break;\n }\n }\n shared_comp = sampled_comp;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n int sampled_comp = shared_comp;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n curandState* states,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n init_curand_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(states_ptr, seed, n);\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr()),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr()),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n\nconstexpr size_t CURAND_STATE_SIZE = sizeof(curandState);\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n);\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\ntorch::Tensor create_curand_states(int batch_size, unsigned long long seed) {\n auto options = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kByte).device(torch::kCUDA);\n torch::Tensor states = torch::empty({static_cast<long>(batch_size * CURAND_STATE_SIZE)}, options);\n init_curand_cuda(states, seed, batch_size);\n return states;\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, z, log_q_z, states, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['create_curand_states', 'forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n self.register_buffer('_curand_states', None, persistent=False)\n self._batch_size_cached = 0\n \n def _ensure_curand_states(self, batch_size, device):\n if self._curand_states is None or self._batch_size_cached != batch_size:\n import random\n seed = random.randint(0, 2**31 - 1)\n self._curand_states = extension.create_curand_states(batch_size, seed)\n self._batch_size_cached = batch_size\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n self._ensure_curand_states(batch_size, device)\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), self._curand_states\n )\n else:\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, self._curand_states)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 230.5s turn · 25.9s LLM · tokens in=23,401 · out=3,170 · total=26,571 · 13,655 chars (click to expand)
turn 6230.5s turn · 25.9s LLM · 204.6s tools · tokens in=23,401 · out=3,170 · total=26,571
reasoning
Good, it compiled. Now let's test correctness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = shared[lane];\n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void init_curand_kernel(curandState* states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx < n) curand_init(seed, idx, 0, &states[idx]);\n}\n\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n curandState* states,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem;\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components;\n \n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n __shared__ int shared_comp;\n if (tid == 0) {\n float u = curand_uniform(&local_state);\n float cumsum = 0.0f;\n int sampled_comp = 0;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n cumsum += weights[k];\n if (u <= cumsum) {\n sampled_comp = k;\n break;\n }\n }\n shared_comp = sampled_comp;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n int sampled_comp = shared_comp;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n curandState* states,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n curandState local_state = states[b];\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float eps = curand_normal(&local_state);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps;\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n states[b] = local_state;\n }\n}\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n) {\n curandState* states_ptr = reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr());\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n init_curand_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(states_ptr, seed, n);\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr()),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n reinterpret_cast<curandState*>(states.data_ptr()),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <curand_kernel.h>\n\nconstexpr size_t CURAND_STATE_SIZE = sizeof(curandState);\n\nvoid init_curand_cuda(torch::Tensor states, unsigned long long seed, int n);\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z, torch::Tensor states,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\ntorch::Tensor create_curand_states(int batch_size, unsigned long long seed) {\n auto options = torch::TensorOptions().dtype(torch::kByte).device(torch::kCUDA);\n torch::Tensor states = torch::empty({static_cast<long>(batch_size * CURAND_STATE_SIZE)}, options);\n init_curand_cuda(states, seed, batch_size);\n return states;\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, z, log_q_z, states,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor states\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, z, log_q_z, states, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['create_curand_states', 'forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n self.register_buffer('_curand_states', None, persistent=False)\n self._batch_size_cached = 0\n \n def _ensure_curand_states(self, batch_size, device):\n if self._curand_states is None or self._batch_size_cached != batch_size:\n import random\n seed = random.randint(0, 2**31 - 1)\n self._curand_states = extension.create_curand_states(batch_size, seed)\n self._batch_size_cached = batch_size\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n self._ensure_curand_states(batch_size, device)\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), self._curand_states\n )\n else:\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, self._curand_states)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 3) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['9.272727', '372.954773', '7.952263', '213.838303', '7.933365', '174.636963'] avg_difference: ['1.557381', '33.940147', '1.528233', '32.893238', '1.501429', '28.887215']
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 249.1s turn · 52.4s LLM · tokens in=26,686 · out=5,362 · total=32,048 · 22,055 chars (click to expand)
turn 7249.1s turn · 52.4s LLM · 196.7s tools · tokens in=26,686 · out=5,362 · total=32,048
reasoning
The outputs don't match. The difference in z values is expected since we're sampling random numbers differently, but the log_q_z values should match the reference if we use the same computation. Wait, the issue is that the correctness test is comparing the random samples z which will be different. But log_q_z should be computed correctly. Actually looking at this more carefully - the problem is that the z values are sampled stochastically, so they will never match. But the computation of log_q_z from z should be correct. Let me look at the reference implementation again: - For mixture case: z is sampled from a selected component - log_q_z is computed using the mixture formula For correctness, since z is stochastic, we need to compare based on the log_q_z formula being correct for the given z values. Actually wait - I think the problem is that the reference implementation and my implementation are computing things differently. Let me look at the reference more carefully: ```python log_probs = -0.5 * ((z.unsqueeze(1) - mu) / std) ** 2 - log_var * 0.5 - 0.5 * torch.log(torch.tensor(2 * 3.14159265)) ``` This computes log probs for all components K, then logsumexp over K. But I'm computing the same thing... Wait, actually the issue might be that I need to compare against PyTorch implementation where the same random samples are used. But since the correctness test is checking numerical equivalence, maybe I need to approach this differently. Let me re-read the reference more carefully: For mixture case: 1. Sample component k using multinomial with weights 2. z = mu_k + std_k * randn() 3. log_q_z = logsumexp over all components of (log_weight_k + log_prob of z under component k) For single component case: 1. z = mu + std * randn() 2. log_q_z = sum of log_prob for each dimension The randomness aspect is tricky for correctness. Since I'm using cuRAND instead of PyTorch's random, the samples will be different. Actually, I think the issue is that for a proper correctness test, we need to test that the computation is correct, not that the random samples are the same. But the reference uses PyTorch's random and my kernel uses cuRAND. Let me think about this differently. For the correctness test, I should: 1. Use PyTorch's random number generation for the "sampled" values 2. Pass these to my kernel as inputs 3. Check that my kernel computes the same log_q_z But that would require changing the kernel interface significantly. Actually, looking at the problem description again: "Outputs must match the reference within tolerance". Since z is stochastic, we can't expect it to match exactly. The question is whether the computation of log_q_z from the inputs and z is correct. Hmm, but the test seems to be expecting exact numerical equivalence, which means I might need to match the PyTorch random state somehow. Actually, let me re-read the reference more carefully. The reference uses torch.randn_like and torch.multinomial. These use PyTorch's RNG. My kernel uses cuRAND. The samples will be different. I think the correct approach is: 1. For z: Accept that it will be different because we're using a different RNG 2. For log_q_z: The computation should be mathematically equivalent But the correctness test is failing... Let me think about what could be wrong with the computation. Wait, I think I see an issue. In the reference: ```python log_probs = -0.5 * ((z.unsqueeze(1) - mu) / std) ** 2 - log_var * 0.5 - 0.5 * torch.log(torch.tensor(2 * 3.14159265)) ``` The log_var is not scaled by 0.5 in the normalization term. Let me check the Gaussian log density: log N(z|mu, sigma^2) = -0.5 * ((z-mu)/sigma)^2 - 0.5 * log(sigma^2) - 0.5 * log(2*pi) = -0.5 * ((z-mu)/sigma)^2 - log(sigma) - 0.5 * log(2*pi) = -0.5 * ((z-mu)/sigma)^2 - 0.5 * log_var - 0.5 * log(2*pi) So the formula is correct. But wait, the reference has `- log_var * 0.5` which is `-0.5 * log_var`, so that's correct. Hmm, let me trace through the computation again... Actually wait, in my kernel I'm computing: ```cpp float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI; ``` where `diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val`. But `std_val = exp(0.5 * log_var_val)`, so `diff = (z_val - mu_val) / exp(0.5 * log_var_val)`. In the reference: ```python std = torch.exp(0.5 * log_var) log_probs = -0.5 * ((z.unsqueeze(1) - mu) / std) ** 2 - log_var * 0.5 - 0.5 * torch.log(torch.tensor(2 * 3.14159265)) ``` So the formula should be the same... Wait, I think the issue might be that the correctness test is checking z values too, which are different due to randomness. Let me look at what the test is actually comparing. Looking at the output: ``` max_difference: ['9.272727', '372.954773', ...] ``` The first value is for z (max diff 9.27), and the second is for log_q_z (max diff 372.95). The z values being different is expected due to randomness, but log_q_z being so different suggests there's a computation error. Actually, wait. Looking more carefully at the error output, there are multiple pairs of values. I think the format is [z_0_diff, log_q_z_0_diff, z_1_diff, log_q_z_1_diff, ...]. The log_q_z differences are very large, which indicates a bug. Let me check the reference again: ```python log_probs = log_probs.sum(-1) + weights.log().unsqueeze(0) log_q_z = torch.logsumexp(log_probs, dim=1) ``` So log_probs is summed over the last dimension (latent_dim), then added to log(weights), then logsumexp over components. In my kernel: 1. I initialize `log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k]` (log of weights) 2. For each component k, I sum the log_prob_d over latent_dim and add to log_probs_by_comp[k] 3. Then I compute logsumexp over components This should be the same... Let me check if weights.log() is being computed correctly. In the reference: ```python weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0) # (K,) ``` And then `weights.log()` is used. In my kernel, I compute softmax and then log. Let me double-check my softmax computation: ```cpp float max_logit = -FLT_MAX; for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) { max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]); } max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit); float sum_exp = 0.0f; for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) { float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit); weights[k] = exp_val; sum_exp += exp_val; } sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp); for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) { weights[k] /= sum_exp; log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f); } ``` This looks correct for softmax. And log_weights should be the log of the weights. Hmm, let me also check if the logsumexp computation is correct: ```cpp if (tid == 0) { float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0]; for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) { max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]); } float sum_exp_log = 0.0f; for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) { sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob); } log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log); } ``` This also looks correct... Wait, I just realized there's an issue. The reference computes log_q_z using ALL components for a given sample z. But z was sampled from ONE component (the sampled component). The log_q_z is then computed using the mixture density formula, which requires computing the log probability under each component and then logsumexp. So the computation should be: 1. Sample z from component k 2. For log_q_z, compute logsumexp over all components of (log_weight_k + log_prob(z under component k)) I think my kernel is doing this correctly... Oh wait, I see the problem! In my kernel, I'm computing log_q_z using the z values that I just sampled. But the reference computes log_q_z using those same z values. So the computation should be equivalent even if z is different... But actually, the z values ARE different because I'm using cuRAND. So the log_q_z will be different too because it's computed from different z values! So actually, the correctness test is fundamentally about the stochastic output. The z values are sampled stochastically, and log_q_z is computed from z. Both will be different from the reference. I think the issue is that I need to match the PyTorch random state, or the correctness test needs to allow for different random samples... Actually, let me re-read the task description: "Outputs must match the reference within tolerance: fp32 uses atol=rtol=1e-4" This suggests that the outputs should be numerically equivalent. But for a stochastic operation, this is impossible unless we control the random state. Wait, let me look at other examples of stochastic kernels in the problem set. Maybe there's a pattern... Actually, I think the way to handle this is to: 1. Generate random numbers in PyTorch 2. Pass them to the kernel 3. Have the kernel use the provided random numbers Let me modify the kernel to accept random numbers as inputs instead of using cuRAND. Actually, a cleaner approach is to just use PyTorch's random number generation on the host side, then pass the random values to the kernel. Let me try that approach.
assistantI see the issue - the correctness is failing because the random samples differ between cuRAND and PyTorch's RNG. For correctness testing of stochastic operations, I need to generate random values in PyTorch and pass them to the kernel. Let me fix this:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : -FLT_MAX;\n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Mixture kernel - uses pre-generated random values\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n const float* __restrict__ eps, // (B, D) pre-generated normal samples\n const float* __restrict__ uniform, // (B,) pre-generated uniform for component sampling\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n // Step 1: Compute softmax weights in shared memory\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem;\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components;\n \n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 2: Sample component using pre-generated uniform value\n __shared__ int shared_comp;\n if (tid == 0) {\n float u = uniform[b];\n float cumsum = 0.0f;\n int sampled_comp = 0;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n cumsum += weights[k];\n if (u <= cumsum) {\n sampled_comp = k;\n break;\n }\n }\n shared_comp = sampled_comp;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n int sampled_comp = shared_comp;\n \n // Step 3: Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Step 4: Compute log q(z) under mixture\n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n}\n\n// Single component kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n }\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor eps, torch::Tensor uniform,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n eps.data_ptr<float>(), uniform.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor eps, torch::Tensor uniform,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor eps, torch::Tensor uniform\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, eps, uniform, z, log_q_z,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, eps, z, log_q_z, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n # Generate random values for mixture case\n eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n uniform = torch.rand(batch_size, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n \n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), eps, uniform\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n \n eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, eps)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 336.1s turn · 36.2s LLM · tokens in=29,714 · out=3,958 · total=33,672 · 17,214 chars (click to expand)
turn 8336.1s turn · 36.2s LLM · 299.9s tools · tokens in=29,714 · out=3,958 · total=33,672
reasoning
Now let me test correctness. The issue is that the random values generated by PyTorch won't match exactly with the reference model since both generate their own random samples. But the kernel computation should be correct. Let me think about this more carefully. Actually, for correctness testing, the test framework will compare my outputs with the reference outputs. Since both models generate their own random values independently, they won't match. I need to think about what "correctness" means here. Looking at the reference implementation: - It generates random values internally using torch.randn_like and torch.multinomial - My kernel also generates random values internally The test framework likely generates input tensors (mu, log_var) and calls both the reference and my model. Since they both generate their own random samples, the outputs won't match. For a proper comparison, I need to either: 1. Use the same random seed for both 2. Generate random values externally and pass them to both Actually, looking more carefully at the problem - since the correctness tolerance is fp32 with atol=rtol=1e-4, and both are stochastic operations, the comparison must be about the computation being correct, not matching exact random values. The key insight is that the correctness test might actually be checking that: 1. The computation of z follows the formula correctly 2. The log_q_z computation matches But since both models use their own random samples, z won't match. The only way to verify correctness would be to check the formulas independently. Wait - maybe the test framework sets a fixed random seed before running each model? Let me run the correctness test and see what happens. Actually, let me think about this differently. The kernel should compute the exact same mathematical operations as the reference. If I generate random values in Python and pass them to the kernel, then the results should match. The key is: generate random samples in Python, pass them to the kernel, and the kernel should compute the same outputs as if I used those same random samples in PyTorch. But the reference model generates its own random samples internally. So there's no way to make the outputs match unless I: 1. Modify the reference to accept external random values (not allowed) 2. Or set random seeds to match (not guaranteed to work across different RNG implementations) Actually, let me re-read the problem. The correctness test compares outputs. For a stochastic model, what does "correctness" mean? Looking at the tolerance (atol=rtol=1e-4 for fp32), I think the test must be checking that the computation is numerically correct given the same inputs (mu, log_var). The random samples are part of the computation. I think I need to match the reference's random sampling behavior exactly. Let me look at how the reference does it: - `torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1)` for component sampling - `torch.randn_like(mu_k)` for generating noise For multinomial, it samples one component per batch element according to weights. For randn, it generates D normal samples. If I can match this behavior, the outputs should be the same given the same RNG state. Actually, let me try a different approach: I'll use PyTorch's RNG to generate all random values externally, then pass them to the kernel. The issue is that the reference also uses these RNGs internally. Wait - the key insight: if I set the random seed before calling both models, and both use PyTorch's RNG in the same order, the outputs should match! Let me try this approach: use PyTorch's RNG functions externally and pass the values to the kernel. This way, if the test sets a seed, both models should get the same random values. Actually, looking at the reference code more carefully: ```python comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1) ``` This is different from my approach! I'm using uniform sampling + cumulative sum, but the reference uses `torch.multinomial`. These might not produce the same results even with the same seed. Also: ```python z = mu_k + std_k * torch.randn_like(mu_k) ``` The reference generates noise like mu_k (which is (B, D)), so it's the same as what I'm doing. Let me try to match the exact PyTorch behavior. I'll generate: 1. Uniform values and use them for multinomial sampling (approximate) 2. Normal values for the noise Actually, a better approach: just use PyTorch to do the component sampling as well, and pass the sampled components to the kernel! Let me redesign the kernel to: 1. Accept pre-sampled component indices (from PyTorch multinomial) 2. Accept pre-generated noise (from PyTorch randn) This way, the computation will match exactly.
assistantI need to match PyTorch's exact random sampling behavior. Let me redesign to use PyTorch's RNG for component sampling too:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : -FLT_MAX;\n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Mixture kernel - uses pre-sampled components and pre-generated noise\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n const int* __restrict__ comp, // (B,) pre-sampled component indices\n const float* __restrict__ eps, // (B, D) pre-generated normal samples\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n int sampled_comp = comp[b];\n \n // Compute softmax weights for log_q_z calculation\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem;\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components;\n \n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute log q(z) under mixture\n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n}\n\n// Single component kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n }\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n comp.data_ptr<int>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, comp, eps, z, log_q_z,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, eps, z, log_q_z, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n # Compute weights and sample components (matching reference)\n weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0)\n comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1)\n \n # Get mu_k and std_k for sampled components\n batch_idx = torch.arange(mu.shape[0], device=device)\n mu_k = mu[batch_idx, comp]\n std_k = torch.exp(0.5 * log_var[batch_idx, comp])\n \n # Generate noise\n eps = torch.randn_like(mu_k)\n \n # Call kernel\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), \n comp.int().contiguous(), eps\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n \n eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, eps)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 9 · 1 tool call(s) · 240.7s turn · 24.2s LLM · tokens in=32,675 · out=2,987 · total=35,662 · 12,613 chars (click to expand)
turn 9240.7s turn · 24.2s LLM · 216.5s tools · tokens in=32,675 · out=2,987 · total=35,662
reasoning
Now let me run the correctness check. The key insight is that I'm using PyTorch's multinomial and randn for the random sampling, then just passing those values to the kernel. This should match the reference exactly in terms of z values. The log_q_z should also match since the computation is deterministic given z.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : -FLT_MAX;\n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Mixture kernel - uses pre-sampled components and pre-generated noise\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n const int* __restrict__ comp, // (B,) pre-sampled component indices\n const float* __restrict__ eps, // (B, D) pre-generated normal samples\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n int sampled_comp = comp[b];\n \n // Compute softmax weights for log_q_z calculation\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem;\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components;\n \n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute log q(z) under mixture\n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n}\n\n// Single component kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n }\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n comp.data_ptr<int>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, comp, eps, z, log_q_z,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, eps, z, log_q_z, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n # Compute weights and sample components (matching reference)\n weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0)\n comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1)\n \n # Get mu_k and std_k for sampled components\n batch_idx = torch.arange(mu.shape[0], device=device)\n mu_k = mu[batch_idx, comp]\n std_k = torch.exp(0.5 * log_var[batch_idx, comp])\n \n # Generate noise\n eps = torch.randn_like(mu_k)\n \n # Call kernel\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), \n comp.int().contiguous(), eps\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n \n eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, eps)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (3 / 3) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.53e-05 mean_abs_err=7.12e-08 max_rel_err=7.04e-04
turn 10 · 1 tool call(s) · 431.4s turn · 25.0s LLM · tokens in=35,653 · out=2,964 · total=38,617 · 14,096 chars (click to expand)
turn 10431.4s turn · 25.0s LLM · 406.4s tools · tokens in=35,653 · out=2,964 · total=38,617
reasoning
The kernel is now passing correctness tests. Now let me profile it to see if there are any performance issues that need to be optimized.
assistantThe kernel passes correctness tests. Now let me profile it to understand its performance characteristics:
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : -FLT_MAX;\n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n// Mixture kernel - uses pre-sampled components and pre-generated noise\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n const int* __restrict__ comp, // (B,) pre-sampled component indices\n const float* __restrict__ eps, // (B, D) pre-generated normal samples\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n int sampled_comp = comp[b];\n \n // Compute softmax weights for log_q_z calculation\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem;\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components;\n \n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute log q(z) under mixture\n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n}\n\n// Single component kernel\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n }\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n comp.data_ptr<int>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, comp, eps, z, log_q_z,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, eps, z, log_q_z, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n # Compute weights and sample components (matching reference)\n weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0)\n comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1)\n \n # Get mu_k and std_k for sampled components\n batch_idx = torch.arange(mu.shape[0], device=device)\n mu_k = mu[batch_idx, comp]\n std_k = torch.exp(0.5 * log_var[batch_idx, comp])\n \n # Generate noise\n eps = torch.randn_like(mu_k)\n \n # Call kernel\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), \n comp.int().contiguous(), eps\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n \n eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, eps)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::multinomial 98973.0μs (36%) calls=1 #2: aten::min 20871.0μs (8%) calls=1 #3: aten::softmax 12377.0μs (4%) calls=1 #4: aten::_softmax 12344.0μs (4%) calls=1 #5: aten::bitwise_not 12181.0μs (4%) calls=1 ... +67 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 103.39 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 279.8/3350 GB/s (8.4%) read=279.8 write=0.0 GB/s Hit rates: L2=2366.8% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=55.5% Pipe util: FMA=55.5%, Tensor=2.6% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 210.7% Eligible warps/cycle: 2.52 Launch: regs/thread=762, smem/blk=28800B, block=4226, grid=451 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 103.75 sectors/req (103.8x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 10727.2% #################### short_scoreboard 6885.1% #################### mio_throttle 28.3% ##### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 10727% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=103.8 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=103.8x (ideal=1.0) -> 104x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics.
turn 11 · 1 tool call(s) · 688.2s turn · 27.3s LLM · tokens in=39,142 · out=3,113 · total=42,255 · 13,228 chars (click to expand)
turn 11688.2s turn · 27.3s LLM · 661.0s tools · tokens in=39,142 · out=3,113 · total=42,255
reasoning
The profiling reveals a major issue: 1. Global load coalescing is terrible (103.8x wasted BW) 2. The kernel is spending most time in memory stalls 3. The current kernel uses 1 block per batch item, which means each block accesses scattered data in mu and log_var The problem is that each block (representing one batch item) reads from non-contiguous memory locations when accessing component data. For example, when computing log_q_z, we access `mu_b + k * latent_dim` which is non-contiguous across latent dimensions. Let me restructure the kernel to use better memory access patterns - using a 2D grid where one dimension is batch and the other is latent dimension.
assistantThe profiling shows severe memory access issues. Let me optimize the kernel with better memory coalescing:
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n// Optimized mixture kernel with better memory coalescing\n// Grid: batch_size blocks, 256 threads per block\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel_v2(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n const int* __restrict__ comp,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n int sampled_comp = comp[b];\n \n // Each thread handles one latent dim, stride by block size\n // But we need to handle cases where latent_dim > blockDim.x\n \n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem; // K elements\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components; // K elements\n \n // Compute softmax - all threads participate\n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n \n // Warp-level reduction for max\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, max_logit, offset));\n }\n if (tid == 0) smem[2*num_components] = max_logit;\n __syncthreads();\n max_logit = smem[2*num_components];\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n \n // Warp-level reduction for sum\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n sum_exp += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, sum_exp, offset);\n }\n if (tid == 0) smem[2*num_components] = sum_exp;\n __syncthreads();\n sum_exp = smem[2*num_components];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute z = mu_k + std_k * eps for sampled component k\n // Memory layout: mu is (B, K, D) contiguous\n // Access pattern: for each d, read mu[b, sampled_comp, d]\n // This is still scattered because sampled_comp varies per block\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n int idx = sampled_comp * latent_dim + d; // within the b-th batch element\n float mu_val = mu_b[idx];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[idx];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // Compute log q(z) under mixture - need to access all components\n // Use shared memory to accumulate per-component log probs\n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n // For each component, sum over latent dims\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_b[k * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[k * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n local_sum += -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n }\n \n // Warp-level sum\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n local_sum += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, local_sum, offset);\n }\n if ((tid & 31) == 0) {\n atomicAdd(&log_probs_by_comp[k], local_sum);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n // Compute logsumexp\n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_lp = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_lp = fmaxf(max_lp, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_e = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_e += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_lp);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_lp + logf(sum_e);\n }\n}\n\n// Single component kernel optimized\n__global__ void single_component_kernel_v2(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n local_log_q += -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n }\n \n // Warp-level sum\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n local_log_q += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, local_log_q, offset);\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n }\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda_v2(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n size_t shared_mem = (2 * num_components + 1) * sizeof(float);\n mixture_reparam_kernel_v2<<<batch_size, 256, shared_mem>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n comp.data_ptr<int>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda_v2(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel_v2<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda_v2(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda_v2(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda_v2(mu, log_var, logits, comp, eps, z, log_q_z,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda_v2(mu, log_var, eps, z, log_q_z, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext_v2',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n # Compute weights and sample components (matching reference)\n weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0)\n comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1)\n \n # Get mu_k for sampled components to generate noise\n batch_idx = torch.arange(mu.shape[0], device=device)\n mu_k = mu[batch_idx, comp]\n \n # Generate noise\n eps = torch.randn_like(mu_k)\n \n # Call kernel\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), \n comp.int().contiguous(), eps\n )\n else:\n # Single component case\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n \n eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, eps)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 12 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 394.2s turn · 25.3s LLM · tokens in=42,153 · out=2,848 · total=45,001 · 12,237 chars (click to expand)
turn 12394.2s turn · 25.3s LLM · 368.8s tools · tokens in=42,153 · out=2,848 · total=45,001 · FINAL
reasoning
The user is asking me to submit the kernel now if it's correct and I don't have a concrete next change to try. Let me check - my kernel passed correctness testing, so it should be ready to submit. Let me submit the current working kernel.
assistantYou're right, I have a correct kernel. Let me submit it:
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\nimport math\n\ncuda_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\nconstexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {\n val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : -FLT_MAX;\n val = warp_reduce_max(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;\n int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;\n \n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n \n if (wid == 0) {\n val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n return shared[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ logits,\n const int* __restrict__ comp,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int num_components,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n int sampled_comp = comp[b];\n \n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* weights = smem;\n float* log_weights = smem + num_components;\n \n float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);\n }\n max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);\n \n float sum_exp = 0.0f;\n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);\n weights[k] = exp_val;\n sum_exp += exp_val;\n }\n sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n weights[k] /= sum_exp;\n log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];\n \n for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {\n log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n \n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float z_val = z_out[d];\n float mu_val = mu_k[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_sum += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);\n if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n }\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];\n for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {\n max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);\n }\n float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;\n for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {\n sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);\n }\n log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void single_component_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ mu,\n const float* __restrict__ log_var,\n const float* __restrict__ eps,\n float* __restrict__ z,\n float* __restrict__ log_q_z,\n int batch_size,\n int latent_dim\n) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (b >= batch_size) return;\n \n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n \n float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;\n const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;\n const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;\n const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;\n \n float local_log_q = 0.0f;\n \n for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {\n float mu_val = mu_b[d];\n float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];\n float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);\n float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];\n z_out[d] = z_val;\n \n float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;\n float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;\n local_log_q += log_prob_d;\n }\n \n local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);\n \n if (tid == 0) {\n log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;\n }\n}\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim\n) {\n mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),\n comp.data_ptr<int>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\nvoid single_component_cuda(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim\n) {\n single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(\n mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),\n z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),\n batch_size, latent_dim\n );\n}\n\"\"\"\n\ncpp_source = \"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\nvoid mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);\nvoid single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,\n torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,\n int batch_size, int latent_dim);\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,\n torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int num_components = mu.size(1);\n int latent_dim = mu.size(2);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, comp, eps, z, log_q_z,\n batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\nstd::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(\n torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps\n) {\n int batch_size = mu.size(0);\n int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);\n \n auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());\n auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());\n \n single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, eps, z, log_q_z, batch_size, latent_dim);\n \n return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nextension = load_inline(\n name='reparam_ext',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],\n verbose=False\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):\n super().__init__()\n self.latent_dim = latent_dim\n self.num_components = num_components\n if num_components > 1:\n self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))\n \n def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:\n batch_size = mu.shape[0]\n device = mu.device\n \n mu = mu.contiguous().float()\n log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()\n \n if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:\n weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0)\n comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1)\n \n batch_idx = torch.arange(mu.shape[0], device=device)\n mu_k = mu[batch_idx, comp]\n \n eps = torch.randn_like(mu_k)\n \n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(\n mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), \n comp.int().contiguous(), eps\n )\n else:\n if mu.dim() == 3:\n mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()\n log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()\n \n eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)\n z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, eps)\n \n return z, log_q_z" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (3 / 3) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 0.17 μs Runtime stats: mean=0.17μs median=?μs std=0.02μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.53e-05 mean_abs_err=7.12e-08 max_rel_err=7.04e-04 Memory: 33.69 MB peak (ref: 34.69 MB, ratio: 0.9712x) Kernel launches: 64 (ref: 113, fusion ratio: 1.7656) SOL score: 0.527
final submitted kernel (315 lines, 10,188 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
import math

cuda_source = """
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cfloat>

constexpr float NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI = -0.9189385332046727f;

__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {
        val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
    }
    return val;
}

__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float val) {
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2) {
        val = fmaxf(val, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset));
    }
    return val;
}

__device__ float block_reduce_max(float val) {
    __shared__ float shared[32];
    int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;
    int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;
    
    val = warp_reduce_max(val);
    if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;
    __syncthreads();
    
    if (wid == 0) {
        val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : -FLT_MAX;
        val = warp_reduce_max(val);
        if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;
    }
    __syncthreads();
    return shared[0];
}

__device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {
    __shared__ float shared[32];
    int lane = threadIdx.x % 32;
    int wid = threadIdx.x / 32;
    
    val = warp_reduce_sum(val);
    if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;
    __syncthreads();
    
    if (wid == 0) {
        val = (lane < (blockDim.x + 31) / 32) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;
        val = warp_reduce_sum(val);
        if (lane == 0) shared[0] = val;
    }
    __syncthreads();
    return shared[0];
}

__global__ void mixture_reparam_kernel(
    const float* __restrict__ mu,
    const float* __restrict__ log_var,
    const float* __restrict__ logits,
    const int* __restrict__ comp,
    const float* __restrict__ eps,
    float* __restrict__ z,
    float* __restrict__ log_q_z,
    int batch_size,
    int num_components,
    int latent_dim
) {
    int b = blockIdx.x;
    if (b >= batch_size) return;
    
    int tid = threadIdx.x;
    int sampled_comp = comp[b];
    
    extern __shared__ float smem[];
    float* weights = smem;
    float* log_weights = smem + num_components;
    
    float max_logit = -FLT_MAX;
    for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {
        max_logit = fmaxf(max_logit, logits[k]);
    }
    max_logit = block_reduce_max(max_logit);
    
    float sum_exp = 0.0f;
    for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {
        float exp_val = expf(logits[k] - max_logit);
        weights[k] = exp_val;
        sum_exp += exp_val;
    }
    sum_exp = block_reduce_sum(sum_exp);
    
    for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {
        weights[k] /= sum_exp;
        log_weights[k] = logf(weights[k] + 1e-20f);
    }
    __syncthreads();
    
    float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;
    const float* mu_b = mu + b * num_components * latent_dim;
    const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * num_components * latent_dim;
    const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;
    
    for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {
        float mu_val = mu_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];
        float log_var_val = log_var_b[sampled_comp * latent_dim + d];
        float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);
        z_out[d] = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];
    }
    __syncthreads();
    
    __shared__ float log_probs_by_comp[32];
    
    for (int k = tid; k < num_components; k += blockDim.x) {
        log_probs_by_comp[k] = log_weights[k];
    }
    __syncthreads();
    
    for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {
        float local_sum = 0.0f;
        const float* mu_k = mu_b + k * latent_dim;
        const float* log_var_k = log_var_b + k * latent_dim;
        
        for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {
            float z_val = z_out[d];
            float mu_val = mu_k[d];
            float log_var_val = log_var_k[d];
            float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);
            float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;
            float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;
            local_sum += log_prob_d;
        }
        
        local_sum = block_reduce_sum(local_sum);
        if (tid == 0) log_probs_by_comp[k] += local_sum;
        __syncthreads();
    }
    
    if (tid == 0) {
        float max_log_prob = log_probs_by_comp[0];
        for (int k = 1; k < num_components; ++k) {
            max_log_prob = fmaxf(max_log_prob, log_probs_by_comp[k]);
        }
        float sum_exp_log = 0.0f;
        for (int k = 0; k < num_components; ++k) {
            sum_exp_log += expf(log_probs_by_comp[k] - max_log_prob);
        }
        log_q_z[b] = max_log_prob + logf(sum_exp_log);
    }
}

__global__ void single_component_kernel(
    const float* __restrict__ mu,
    const float* __restrict__ log_var,
    const float* __restrict__ eps,
    float* __restrict__ z,
    float* __restrict__ log_q_z,
    int batch_size,
    int latent_dim
) {
    int b = blockIdx.x;
    if (b >= batch_size) return;
    
    int tid = threadIdx.x;
    
    float* z_out = z + b * latent_dim;
    const float* mu_b = mu + b * latent_dim;
    const float* log_var_b = log_var + b * latent_dim;
    const float* eps_b = eps + b * latent_dim;
    
    float local_log_q = 0.0f;
    
    for (int d = tid; d < latent_dim; d += blockDim.x) {
        float mu_val = mu_b[d];
        float log_var_val = log_var_b[d];
        float std_val = expf(0.5f * log_var_val);
        float z_val = mu_val + std_val * eps_b[d];
        z_out[d] = z_val;
        
        float diff = (z_val - mu_val) / std_val;
        float log_prob_d = -0.5f * diff * diff - 0.5f * log_var_val + NEG_HALF_LOG_2PI;
        local_log_q += log_prob_d;
    }
    
    local_log_q = block_reduce_sum(local_log_q);
    
    if (tid == 0) {
        log_q_z[b] = local_log_q;
    }
}

void mixture_reparam_cuda(
    torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,
    torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,
    torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,
    int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim
) {
    mixture_reparam_kernel<<<batch_size, 256, 2 * num_components * sizeof(float)>>>(
        mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), logits.data_ptr<float>(),
        comp.data_ptr<int>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),
        z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),
        batch_size, num_components, latent_dim
    );
}

void single_component_cuda(
    torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,
    torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,
    int batch_size, int latent_dim
) {
    single_component_kernel<<<batch_size, 256>>>(
        mu.data_ptr<float>(), log_var.data_ptr<float>(), eps.data_ptr<float>(),
        z.data_ptr<float>(), log_q_z.data_ptr<float>(),
        batch_size, latent_dim
    );
}
"""

cpp_source = """
#include <torch/extension.h>

void mixture_reparam_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,
                          torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps,
                          torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,
                          int batch_size, int num_components, int latent_dim);
void single_component_cuda(torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps,
                           torch::Tensor z, torch::Tensor log_q_z,
                           int batch_size, int latent_dim);

std::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_mixture(
    torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor logits,
    torch::Tensor comp, torch::Tensor eps
) {
    int batch_size = mu.size(0);
    int num_components = mu.size(1);
    int latent_dim = mu.size(2);
    
    auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());
    auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());
    
    mixture_reparam_cuda(mu, log_var, logits, comp, eps, z, log_q_z,
                         batch_size, num_components, latent_dim);
    
    return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);
}

std::tuple<torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor> forward_single(
    torch::Tensor mu, torch::Tensor log_var, torch::Tensor eps
) {
    int batch_size = mu.size(0);
    int latent_dim = mu.dim() == 3 ? mu.size(2) : mu.size(1);
    
    auto z = torch::empty({batch_size, latent_dim}, mu.options());
    auto log_q_z = torch::empty({batch_size}, mu.options());
    
    single_component_cuda(mu, log_var, eps, z, log_q_z, batch_size, latent_dim);
    
    return std::make_tuple(z, log_q_z);
}
"""

extension = load_inline(
    name='reparam_ext',
    cpp_sources=cpp_source,
    cuda_sources=cuda_source,
    functions=['forward_mixture', 'forward_single'],
    extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math', '-std=c++17'],
    verbose=False
)


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, latent_dim, num_components=1):
        super().__init__()
        self.latent_dim = latent_dim
        self.num_components = num_components
        if num_components > 1:
            self.logits = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_components))
    
    def forward(self, mu: torch.Tensor, log_var: torch.Tensor) -> tuple:
        batch_size = mu.shape[0]
        device = mu.device
        
        mu = mu.contiguous().float()
        log_var = log_var.contiguous().float()
        
        if self.num_components > 1 and mu.dim() == 3:
            weights = torch.softmax(self.logits, dim=0)
            comp = torch.multinomial(weights.expand(mu.shape[0], -1), 1).squeeze(-1)
            
            batch_idx = torch.arange(mu.shape[0], device=device)
            mu_k = mu[batch_idx, comp]
            
            eps = torch.randn_like(mu_k)
            
            z, log_q_z = extension.forward_mixture(
                mu, log_var, self.logits.float().contiguous(), 
                comp.int().contiguous(), eps
            )
        else:
            if mu.dim() == 3:
                mu = mu[:, 0].contiguous()
                log_var = log_var[:, 0].contiguous()
            
            eps = torch.randn(batch_size, self.latent_dim, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
            z, log_q_z = extension.forward_single(mu, log_var, eps)
        
        return z, log_q_z