gpt-5.5-priority · original · l3_default_gpt
correct 33_VanillaRNN.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
12 / 15
tool calls
13
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
6.84 μs
ref runtime
6.83 μs
speedup
1.00x
started
2026-05-04T20:53:31Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
6.84 μs
ref runtime
6.83 μs
speedup
1.00x
kernel mean / median / std
6.84 / — / 0.02 μs
ref mean / median / std
6.83 / — / 0.05 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
0.00
mean abs error
0.00
max rel error
0.00
mean rel error
0.00
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
5265.19 MB
ref peak
5313.19 MB
kernel / ref
0.99x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
9
ref launches
14
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.56x
total cuda time
6881 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
1526.28
ref mJ / run
1526.18
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.00x
avg power
223.45 W
ref avg power
223.75 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
61.9%
compute util %
100.0%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
2074.09 GB/s
dram util %
61.9%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
104.0%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
171.0%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
217.7%
ld sectors / req
12.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
533
smem / block
68352 B
block size
512
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
2314.6%
short_scoreboard
119.2%
mio_throttle
45.7%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):
        """
        Initialize the Vanilla RNN model.
        
        :param input_size: The number of input features (int).
        :param hidden_size: The size of the hidden state (int).
        :param output_size: The number of output features (int).
        """
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.input_size = input_size
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.output_size = output_size
        self.hidden = torch.randn((batch_size, hidden_size))
        
        # Define the RNN cell components (input to hidden, hidden to hidden, and hidden to output)
        self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)  # Input to hidden
        self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)  # Hidden to output
        self.tanh = nn.Tanh()  # Activation function for hidden state
    
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Forward pass of the Vanilla RNN.
        
        :param x: Input tensor of shape (batch_size, input_size).
        :param hidden: Hidden state tensor of shape (batch_size, hidden_size).
        :return: Output tensor of shape (batch_size, output_size), and the new hidden state.
        """
        if initial_hidden is not None:
            self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)
        self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)
        combined = torch.cat((x, self.hidden), dim=1)  # Concatenate input and hidden state
        self.hidden = self.tanh(self.i2h(combined))  # Update hidden state
        output = self.h2o(self.hidden)  # Compute output
        return output

batch_size = 256
input_size = 16384
hidden_size = 16384
output_size = 8192
sequence_length = 256

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, input_size),torch.rand(batch_size, hidden_size)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [input_size, hidden_size, output_size]
turn 015.9s turn · 15.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering implementation options** I'm thinking about not doing a custom implementation but instead using `torch::matmul`—is that reference-ish enough? There's this concern about static flags, so maybe it's worth considering an alternative approach. Could we fuse the i2h concat using cuBLASLt? That seems to be a bit complicated, and I’ll need to know the GPU specs to make that work effectively.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 77.1s turn · 77.1s LLM · 7,407 chars (click to expand)
turn 177.1s turn · 77.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering custom CUDA kernels** I’m thinking about the task involving a custom CUDA kernel. So, could we use a small custom tanh function? The forward pass mostly relies on torch GEMM, but static might allow if we call the extension. I wonder if it’s worth compiling an extension for a fused "add_bias_tanh" and a "copy/none" operation. Maybe I’ll try using torch.mm or addmm in Python. There are quite a few options to think through here! **Considering function definition** I'm thinking about defining a function, and I think a typical way might look like this: `void bias_tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor b);`. I'm also considering including some CUDA sources and referencing functions like `bias_tanh_inplace`. Should I write a custom fused output for bias as well? I wonder if `torch.addmm` would handle the bias effectively. Maybe I should refer to how H2O does linear operations and then check for compiling correctness.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid bias_tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long total, int cols) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int c = idx % cols;\n float v = y[idx] + bias[c];\n y[idx] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\nvoid bias_tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int cols = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, cols);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"bias_tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n # keep the same state semantics as the reference\n self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n w = self.i2h.weight\n # Compute input-to-hidden without materializing torch.cat((x, hidden), dim=1).\n y = torch.mm(x, w[:, :self.input_size].t())\n y = torch.addmm(y, self.hidden, w[:, self.input_size:].t(), beta=1.0, alpha=1.0)\n _ext.bias_tanh_inplace(y, self.i2h.bias)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_default_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_33_cache/k_86a6d7488eba/rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_default_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_33_cache/k_86a6d7488eba/rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_default_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_33_cache/k_86a6d7488eba/rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_default_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_33_cache/k_86a6d7488eba/rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext/cuda.cu(25): error: namespace "at::cuda" has no member "getCurrentCUDAStream" bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>( ^ 1 error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_default_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_33_cache/k_86a6d7488eba/rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 251.9s turn · 51.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid bias_tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long total, int cols) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int c = idx % cols;\n float v = y[idx] + bias[c];\n y[idx] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\nvoid bias_tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int cols = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, cols);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext2\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"bias_tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n w = self.i2h.weight\n y = torch.mm(x, w[:, :self.input_size].t())\n y = torch.addmm(y, self.hidden, w[:, self.input_size:].t(), beta=1.0, alpha=1.0)\n _ext.bias_tanh_inplace(y, self.i2h.bias)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 35.9s turn · 5.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid bias_tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long total, int cols) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int c = idx % cols;\n float v = y[idx] + bias[c];\n y[idx] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\nvoid bias_tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int cols = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, cols);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_fused_bias_tanh_ext2\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"bias_tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n w = self.i2h.weight\n y = torch.mm(x, w[:, :self.input_size].t())\n y = torch.addmm(y, self.hidden, w[:, self.input_size:].t(), beta=1.0, alpha=1.0)\n _ext.bias_tanh_inplace(y, self.i2h.bias)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=4.65e-06 mean_abs_err=4.99e-07 max_rel_err=5.63e+01
turn 427.6s turn · 27.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating performance metrics** I'm considering that simple WMMA might be slow, yet tensor cores could handle it better. With PyTorch, if I’m not using TF32, I'll rely on FP32 CUDA cores that provide around 67 TFLOPs. Meanwhile, the TF32 tensor cores seem to achieve around 494 TFLOPs. There's a big difference in potential performance between these configurations! I’m wondering how each choice will affect overall efficiency in practice. It’s quite a lot to ponder! **Exploring optimization strategies** I'm thinking about whether to use a reference approach but optimize the custom cat function to be faster than torch.cat. I want to define concat and then use torch's linear operations, possibly streamlining with a custom concat kernel and torch.addmm. It seems like the custom implementation might offer some slight speed advantages, especially with the bias and tanh operations. However, I'm unsure if the custom approach is genuinely faster than relying on torch.cat. I'll need to implement and compare both methods for correctness and speed! **Testing tanh correctness** I’m looking into the tanh function related to PyTorch. It seems that the tanh kernel is similar in structure. The next step is to add the outputs together and apply tanh in place with the `addmm` function. I’ll need to test the compilation for correctness before moving forward. After that, I might submit my results or findings. It’s all about ensuring everything is functioning as it should!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out);\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void concat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ h, float* __restrict__ out,\n int rows, int c1, int c2) {\n long total = (long)rows * (c1 + c2);\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n int cols = c1 + c2;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int r = idx / cols;\n int c = idx - r * cols;\n if (c < c1) out[idx] = x[(long)r * c1 + c];\n else out[idx] = h[(long)r * c2 + (c - c1)];\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out) {\n int rows = (int)x.size(0), c1 = (int)x.size(1), c2 = (int)h.size(1);\n long total = (long)rows * (c1 + c2);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n concat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), h.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, c1, c2);\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_concat_tanh_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"concat_cols\", \"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n combined = torch.empty((x.size(0), self.input_size + self.hidden_size), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n _ext.concat_cols(x, self.hidden, combined)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 522.6s turn · 22.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering speed optimization** I’m thinking about potential speed improvements by using `torch.addmm` instead of `nn.Linear`. This could be an interesting approach because `i2h(combined)` uses `F.linear`, which may internally call `torch._C._nn.linear`, possibly adding a bias. I wonder if switching to `torch.addmm` would be more efficient, and it’s worth considering how these two options compare in terms of performance. It looks like there's a lot to unpack here!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_tanh_inplace_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n combined = torch.cat((x, self.hidden), dim=1)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_tanh_inplace_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n combined = torch.cat((x, self.hidden), dim=1)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 616.8s turn · 16.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_tanh_inplace_ext3\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n h = initial_hidden.to(x.device)\n else:\n h = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n combined = torch.cat((x, h), dim=1)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 721.0s turn · 21.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out);\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void concat4_kernel(const float4* __restrict__ x, const float4* __restrict__ h, float4* __restrict__ out,\n int rows, int c1v, int c2v) {\n int colsv = c1v + c2v;\n long total = (long)rows * colsv;\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int r = idx / colsv;\n int c = idx - (long)r * colsv;\n if (c < c1v) out[idx] = x[(long)r * c1v + c];\n else out[idx] = h[(long)r * c2v + (c - c1v)];\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void concat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ h, float* __restrict__ out,\n int rows, int c1, int c2) {\n int cols = c1 + c2;\n long total = (long)rows * cols;\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int r = idx / cols;\n int c = idx - (long)r * cols;\n if (c < c1) out[idx] = x[(long)r * c1 + c];\n else out[idx] = h[(long)r * c2 + (c - c1)];\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out) {\n int rows = (int)x.size(0), c1 = (int)x.size(1), c2 = (int)h.size(1);\n int threads = 256;\n if ((c1 % 4 == 0) && (c2 % 4 == 0)) {\n int c1v = c1 / 4, c2v = c2 / 4;\n long total = (long)rows * (c1v + c2v);\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n concat4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x.data_ptr<float>()), reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(h.data_ptr<float>()),\n reinterpret_cast<float4*>(out.data_ptr<float>()), rows, c1v, c2v);\n } else {\n long total = (long)rows * (c1 + c2);\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n concat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), h.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, c1, c2);\n }\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_concat4_tanh_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"concat_cols\", \"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n self._combined = None\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n h = initial_hidden.to(x.device) if initial_hidden is not None else self.hidden.to(x.device)\n if self._combined is None or self._combined.device != x.device or self._combined.shape[0] != x.shape[0]:\n self._combined = torch.empty((x.size(0), self.input_size + self.hidden_size), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n _ext.concat_cols(x, h, self._combined)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, self._combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 811.2s turn · 11.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out);\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void concat4_kernel(const float4* __restrict__ x, const float4* __restrict__ h, float4* __restrict__ out,\n int rows, int c1v, int c2v) {\n int colsv = c1v + c2v;\n long total = (long)rows * colsv;\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int r = idx / colsv;\n int c = idx - (long)r * colsv;\n if (c < c1v) out[idx] = x[(long)r * c1v + c];\n else out[idx] = h[(long)r * c2v + (c - c1v)];\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void concat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ h, float* __restrict__ out,\n int rows, int c1, int c2) {\n int cols = c1 + c2;\n long total = (long)rows * cols;\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n int r = idx / cols;\n int c = idx - (long)r * cols;\n if (c < c1) out[idx] = x[(long)r * c1 + c];\n else out[idx] = h[(long)r * c2 + (c - c1)];\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out) {\n int rows = (int)x.size(0), c1 = (int)x.size(1), c2 = (int)h.size(1);\n int threads = 256;\n if ((c1 % 4 == 0) && (c2 % 4 == 0)) {\n int c1v = c1 / 4, c2v = c2 / 4;\n long total = (long)rows * (c1v + c2v);\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n concat4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x.data_ptr<float>()), reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(h.data_ptr<float>()),\n reinterpret_cast<float4*>(out.data_ptr<float>()), rows, c1v, c2v);\n } else {\n long total = (long)rows * (c1 + c2);\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n concat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), h.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, c1, c2);\n }\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_concat4_tanh_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"concat_cols\", \"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n self._combined = None\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n h = initial_hidden.to(x.device) if initial_hidden is not None else self.hidden.to(x.device)\n if self._combined is None or self._combined.device != x.device or self._combined.shape[0] != x.shape[0]:\n self._combined = torch.empty((x.size(0), self.input_size + self.hidden_size), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n _ext.concat_cols(x, h, self._combined)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, self._combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 915.3s turn · 15.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Testing engine performance** I'm considering the process of copying row segments, noting that the hidden size (c2) is correctly set. I think it’s likely we’ll need to use the copy engine asynchronously. I'm wondering if this might overlap with the current stream, but it seems like there shouldn't be any overlap with GEMM operations, since the copy engine is notably faster. I’m curious if PyTorch uses a kernel for concatenation. I guess I’ll need to test this for correctness!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out);\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out) {\n int rows = (int)x.size(0);\n size_t c1 = (size_t)x.size(1);\n size_t c2 = (size_t)h.size(1);\n size_t cols = c1 + c2;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>(), cols * sizeof(float),\n x.data_ptr<float>(), c1 * sizeof(float),\n c1 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);\n cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>() + c1, cols * sizeof(float),\n h.data_ptr<float>(), c2 * sizeof(float),\n c2 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_memcpy2d_tanh_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"concat_cols\", \"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n self._combined = None\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n h = initial_hidden.to(x.device) if initial_hidden is not None else self.hidden.to(x.device)\n if self._combined is None or self._combined.device != x.device or self._combined.shape[0] != x.shape[0]:\n self._combined = torch.empty((x.size(0), self.input_size + self.hidden_size), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n _ext.concat_cols(x, h, self._combined)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, self._combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 109.1s turn · 9.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out);\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n}\n\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out) {\n int rows = (int)x.size(0);\n size_t c1 = (size_t)x.size(1);\n size_t c2 = (size_t)h.size(1);\n size_t cols = c1 + c2;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>(), cols * sizeof(float),\n x.data_ptr<float>(), c1 * sizeof(float),\n c1 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);\n cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>() + c1, cols * sizeof(float),\n h.data_ptr<float>(), c2 * sizeof(float),\n c2 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"rnn_memcpy2d_tanh_ext\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"concat_cols\", \"tanh_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n self._combined = None\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n h = initial_hidden.to(x.device) if initial_hidden is not None else self.hidden.to(x.device)\n if self._combined is None or self._combined.device != x.device or self._combined.shape[0] != x.shape[0]:\n self._combined = torch.empty((x.size(0), self.input_size + self.hidden_size), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n _ext.concat_cols(x, h, self._combined)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, self._combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 119.4s turn · 9.4s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out);\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {\n y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);\n }\n}\n\nvoid concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out) {\n int rows = (int)x.size(0);\n size_t c1 = (size_t)x.size(1);\n size_t c2 = (size_t)h.size(1);\n size_t cols = c1 + c2;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n\n cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>(), cols * sizeof(float),\n x.data_ptr<float>(), c1 * sizeof(float),\n c1 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);\n cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>() + c1, cols * sizeof(float),\n h.data_ptr<float>(), c2 * sizeof(float),\n c2 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {\n long total = y.numel();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"rnn_memcpy2d_tanh_ext_final\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"concat_cols\", \"tanh_inplace\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n self._combined = None\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n h = initial_hidden.to(x.device) if initial_hidden is not None else self.hidden.to(x.device)\n\n if self._combined is None or self._combined.device != x.device or self._combined.shape[0] != x.shape[0]:\n self._combined = torch.empty((x.size(0), self.input_size + self.hidden_size), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n\n _ext.concat_cols(x, h, self._combined)\n y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, self._combined, self.i2h.weight.t())\n _ext.tanh_inplace(y)\n self.hidden = y\n return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 6.84 μs Runtime stats: mean=6.84μs median=?μs std=0.02μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00 Memory: 5265.19 MB peak (ref: 5313.19 MB, ratio: 0.991x) Kernel launches: 9 (ref: 14, fusion ratio: 1.5556) Energy: 1526.28 mJ/run (ref: 1526.18 mJ, ratio: 0.9999x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (80 lines, 2,954 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
void concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out);
void tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__global__ void tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long total) {
    long idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (; idx < total; idx += stride) {
        y[idx] = tanhf(y[idx]);
    }
}

void concat_cols(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor h, torch::Tensor out) {
    int rows = (int)x.size(0);
    size_t c1 = (size_t)x.size(1);
    size_t c2 = (size_t)h.size(1);
    size_t cols = c1 + c2;
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();

    cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>(), cols * sizeof(float),
                      x.data_ptr<float>(), c1 * sizeof(float),
                      c1 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);
    cudaMemcpy2DAsync(out.data_ptr<float>() + c1, cols * sizeof(float),
                      h.data_ptr<float>(), c2 * sizeof(float),
                      c2 * sizeof(float), rows, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, stream);
}

void tanh_inplace(torch::Tensor y) {
    long total = y.numel();
    int threads = 256;
    int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);
    if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;
    tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), total);
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(
    name="rnn_memcpy2d_tanh_ext_final",
    cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
    functions=["concat_cols", "tanh_inplace"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
    verbose=False,
)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.input_size = input_size
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.output_size = output_size
        self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))
        self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)
        self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)
        self._combined = None

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:
        h = initial_hidden.to(x.device) if initial_hidden is not None else self.hidden.to(x.device)

        if self._combined is None or self._combined.device != x.device or self._combined.shape[0] != x.shape[0]:
            self._combined = torch.empty((x.size(0), self.input_size + self.hidden_size), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)

        _ext.concat_cols(x, h, self._combined)
        y = torch.addmm(self.i2h.bias, self._combined, self.i2h.weight.t())
        _ext.tanh_inplace(y)
        self.hidden = y
        return torch.addmm(self.h2o.bias, self.hidden, self.h2o.weight.t())