gpt-5.5-priority · original · l3_all_gpt
correct 11_VGG16.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
10 / 15
tool calls
10
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
2.41 μs
ref runtime
3.63 μs
speedup
1.51x
started
2026-05-04T17:12:04Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
2.41 μs
ref runtime
3.63 μs
speedup
1.51x
kernel mean / median / std
2.41 / — / 0.71 μs
ref mean / median / std
3.63 / — / 0.18 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
2.19e-07
mean abs error
3.76e-08
max rel error
0.02
mean rel error
2.12e-05
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
1342.59 MB
ref peak
1588.59 MB
kernel / ref
0.85x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
142
ref launches
150
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.06x
total cuda time
10020 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
241.62
ref mJ / run
1449.54
ratio (ref / kernel)
6.00x
avg power
102.88 W
ref avg power
426.28 W
SOL (speed-of-light)heuristic_from_speedup
SOL score (0–1)
0.151
dram util %
—
compute util %
—
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
—
roofline / occupancyheuristic
dram bandwidth
—
dram util %
—
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
—
bottleneck
—
dominant pipe %
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
—
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
—
ld sectors / req
—
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
—
smem / block
—
block size
—
peak bw
—
peak fp32 tflops
—
peak fp16 tflops
—
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):
        """
        Initialize the VGG16 model.
        
        :param num_classes: The number of output classes (default is 1000 for ImageNet)
        """
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        
        # VGG16 architecture: 5 blocks of convolutional layers followed by max pooling
        self.features = nn.Sequential(
            # Block 1
            nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            
            # Block 2
            nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            
            # Block 3
            nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            
            # Block 4
            nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            
            # Block 5
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        )
        
        # Fully connected layers
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(512 * 7 * 7, 4096),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(p=0.0),
            nn.Linear(4096, 4096),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(p=0.0),
            nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)
        )
    
    def forward(self, x):
        """
        Forward pass of the VGG16 model.
        
        :param x: The input tensor, shape (batch_size, 3, 224, 224)
        :return: The output tensor, shape (batch_size, num_classes)
        """
        x = self.features(x)
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        x = self.classifier(x)
        return x

# Test code
batch_size = 10
num_classes = 1000

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, 3, 224, 224)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [num_classes]
turn 011.7s turn · 11.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Building a Python Model** I need to produce a full Python ModelNew and determine if eval instantiates and loads weights. Typically, ModelNew should have the same parameters and likely utilize torch nn modules. I can inherit and define layers, but I have to replace forward with a custom CUDA kernel. Implementing the full VGG16 is huge, so maybe I could leverage torch operations. I need to ensure correctness by matching the state dict while also considering custom CUDA for speed. **Exploring Model Optimization** I’m focusing on optimizing a model that uses multiple small ReLU modules and max pooling, which might have overhead in PyTorch, but convolutions are the main focus. Could I fuse the ReLU with bias since cuDNN's conv isn’t fused? Writing a custom full fusion is tricky, but perhaps I could use ATen or cuDNN calls within a C++ extension. I'll need to manage module parameters properly and consider how to work with fixed inputs for VGG16, ensuring tolerances are acceptable. **Considering Performance Optimization** I’m comparing Python’s sequential overhead with VGG, and I think there might be a way to speed things up. Using a batch size of 10 could help since cuDNN convs are fast. I’m curious about utilizing channels_last. If I set the modules in ModelNew to channels_last, would that improve performance? Since NCHW is the current input format, converting it could potentially make convolutions run faster on Ampere for cuDNN. I'm thinking the reference format NCHW might be slower.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 20.3s turn · 20.3s LLM · 8,915 chars (click to expand)
turn 120.3s turn · 20.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating kernel performance** I'm thinking about the custom kernel, which assumes a contiguous NCHW format. To ensure correctness and performance, it seems like I could skip channels_last processing. After applying max pooling, I’d want to make sure the tensors remain NCHW contiguous following convolution and ReLU. However, I could consider using channels_last for convolution with NHWC, although that seems challenging. There’s a lot to work through here!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float v0 = x[base];\n float v1 = x[base + 1];\n float v2 = x[base + W];\n float v3 = x[base + W + 1];\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(v0, v1), fmaxf(v2, v3));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be cuda\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"x must be float\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_contiguous(), \"x must be contiguous NCHW\");\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n relu_pool2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_relu_pool_ext', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['relu_pool2d'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n def forward(self, x):\n f = self.features\n # block1\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[2](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n # block2\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[7](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n # block3\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[14](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n # block4\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[21](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n # block5\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[28](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True)\n x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'vgg16_relu_pool_ext': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=vgg16_relu_pool_ext -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_11_cache/k_9349d727291d/vgg16_relu_pool_ext/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=vgg16_relu_pool_ext -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_11_cache/k_9349d727291d/vgg16_relu_pool_ext/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=vgg16_relu_pool_ext -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_11_cache/k_9349d727291d/vgg16_relu_pool_ext/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_11_cache/k_9349d727291d/vgg16_relu_pool_ext/cuda.cu(38): error: namespace "at::cuda" has no member "getCurrentCUDAStream" relu_pool2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo); ^ 1 error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l3_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_3_problem_11_cache/k_9349d727291d/vgg16_relu_pool_ext/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 210.4s turn · 10.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering tensor operations** I’m thinking about using F.relu inplace on f[0](x). It seems important to ensure contiguity after convolution, as it likely needs to be contiguous. This might help avoid any complications down the line when I compile again. I want to make sure these operations are efficient and effective. I’ll keep this in mind as I continue working on the code. Let’s see if this approach works out as planned!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float v0 = x[base];\n float v1 = x[base + 1];\n float v2 = x[base + W];\n float v3 = x[base + W + 1];\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(v0, v1), fmaxf(v2, v3));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n relu_pool2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_relu_pool_ext2', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['relu_pool2d'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n def forward(self, x):\n f = self.features\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True); x = f[2](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True); x = f[7](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True); x = f[14](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True); x = f[21](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True); x = f[28](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True); x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 38.6s turn · 8.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float v0 = x[base];\n float v1 = x[base + 1];\n float v2 = x[base + W];\n float v3 = x[base + W + 1];\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(v0, v1), fmaxf(v2, v3));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n relu_pool2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_relu_pool_ext2', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['relu_pool2d'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n def forward(self, x):\n f = self.features\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True); x = f[2](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True); x = f[7](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True); x = f[14](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True); x = f[21](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True); x = f[28](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True); x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 49.8s turn · 9.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering performance optimization** I’m thinking about whether I need to submit my performance as it is or explore ways to improve my profile for better timing results. It seems like optimizing my profile might give me the edge I need. I want to reevaluate what I have and see if there are adjustments that could enhance performance before making any final decisions. It’s all about finding the right balance to achieve optimal results!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float v0 = x[base];\n float v1 = x[base + 1];\n float v2 = x[base + W];\n float v3 = x[base + W + 1];\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(v0, v1), fmaxf(v2, v3));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n relu_pool2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_relu_pool_ext2', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['relu_pool2d'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n def forward(self, x):\n f = self.features\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True); x = f[2](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True); x = f[7](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True); x = f[14](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True); x = f[21](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True); x = f[28](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True); x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (fail)
failprofile_kernel profile_kernel FAILED: profiling timed out (900s).
turn 525.8s turn · 25.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + 1]), fmaxf(x[base + W], x[base + W + 1]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_cl_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int c = idx % C;\n int t = idx / C;\n int ow = t % Wo;\n t /= Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n int n = t / Ho;\n int ih = oh << 1;\n int iw = ow << 1;\n int base = ((n * H + ih) * W + iw) * C + c;\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + C]), fmaxf(x[base + W*C], x[base + (W+1)*C]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n bool cl = x.is_contiguous(at::MemoryFormat::ChannelsLast);\n torch::Tensor y;\n if (cl) y = torch::empty_strided({N,C,Ho,Wo}, {Ho*Wo*C, 1, Wo*C, C}, x.options());\n else y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n if (cl) relu_pool2d_cl_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n else relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_relu_pool_cl_ext1', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['relu_pool2d'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n self.features.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n f = self.features\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True); x = f[2](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True); x = f[7](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True); x = f[14](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True); x = f[21](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True); x = f[28](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True); x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 611.8s turn · 11.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + 1]), fmaxf(x[base + W], x[base + W + 1]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_cl_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int c = idx % C;\n int t = idx / C;\n int ow = t % Wo;\n t /= Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n int n = t / Ho;\n int ih = oh << 1;\n int iw = ow << 1;\n int base = ((n * H + ih) * W + iw) * C + c;\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + C]), fmaxf(x[base + W*C], x[base + (W+1)*C]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n bool cl = x.is_contiguous(at::MemoryFormat::ChannelsLast);\n torch::Tensor y;\n if (cl) y = torch::empty_strided({N,C,Ho,Wo}, {Ho*Wo*C, 1, Wo*C, C}, x.options());\n else y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n if (cl) relu_pool2d_cl_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n else relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_relu_pool_cl_ext1', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['relu_pool2d'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n self.features.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n f = self.features\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True); x = f[2](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True); x = f[7](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True); x = f[14](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True); x = f[21](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True); x = f[28](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True); x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.19e-07 mean_abs_err=3.76e-08 max_rel_err=1.65e-02
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 23.4s turn · 23.4s LLM · 7,513 chars (click to expand)
turn 723.4s turn · 23.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\ntorch::Tensor vgg_forward(torch::Tensor x, std::vector<torch::Tensor> p);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <vector>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_cl_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int c = idx % C;\n int t = idx / C;\n int ow = t % Wo;\n t /= Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n int n = t / Ho;\n int base = ((n * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1)) * C + c;\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + C]), fmaxf(x[base + W*C], x[base + (W+1)*C]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\nstatic torch::Tensor relu_pool2d_cl(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n auto y = torch::empty_strided({N,C,Ho,Wo}, {Ho*Wo*C, 1, Wo*C, C}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n relu_pool2d_cl_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n\nstatic inline torch::Tensor conv_relu(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor b) {\n x = at::conv2d(x, w, b, {1,1}, {1,1}, {1,1}, 1);\n return at::relu_(x);\n}\nstatic inline torch::Tensor conv_only(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor b) {\n return at::conv2d(x, w, b, {1,1}, {1,1}, {1,1}, 1);\n}\nstatic inline torch::Tensor lin_relu(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor b) {\n x = at::linear(x, w, b);\n return at::relu_(x);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor vgg_forward(torch::Tensor x, std::vector<torch::Tensor> p) {\n x = x.contiguous(c10::MemoryFormat::ChannelsLast);\n int i = 0;\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_only(x, p[i++], p[i++]); x = relu_pool2d_cl(x);\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_only(x, p[i++], p[i++]); x = relu_pool2d_cl(x);\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_only(x, p[i++], p[i++]); x = relu_pool2d_cl(x);\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_only(x, p[i++], p[i++]); x = relu_pool2d_cl(x);\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = conv_only(x, p[i++], p[i++]); x = relu_pool2d_cl(x);\n x = at::flatten(x, 1, -1);\n x = lin_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = lin_relu(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n x = at::linear(x, p[i++], p[i++]);\n return x;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_cpp_forward_ext1', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['vgg_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n self.features.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n def forward(self, x):\n f=self.features; c=self.classifier\n params=[f[0].weight,f[0].bias,f[2].weight,f[2].bias,f[5].weight,f[5].bias,f[7].weight,f[7].bias,f[10].weight,f[10].bias,f[12].weight,f[12].bias,f[14].weight,f[14].bias,f[17].weight,f[17].bias,f[19].weight,f[19].bias,f[21].weight,f[21].bias,f[24].weight,f[24].bias,f[26].weight,f[26].bias,f[28].weight,f[28].bias,c[0].weight,c[0].bias,c[3].weight,c[3].bias,c[6].weight,c[6].bias]\n return _ext.vgg_forward(x, params)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: unexpected error during tool execution. _WorkItemTimeout: work item exceeded soft timeout budget Traceback (most recent call last): File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/agent.py", line 627, in _execute_tool return tool.execute(self.ctx, **args) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/tools.py", line 292, in execute return ctx.eval_client.compile_kernel(ctx, kernel_code) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/eval_client.py", line 54, in compile_kernel return self._call("compile", args) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/eval_client.py", line 117, in _call payload = self._response_q.get(timeout=remaining) File "<string>", line 2, in get File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/managers.py", line 818, in _callmethod kind, result = conn.recv() File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 250, in recv buf = self._recv_bytes() File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 414, in _recv_bytes buf = self._recv(4) File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 379, in _recv chunk = read(handle, remaining) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/scripts/run_sweep.py", line 161, in _alarm_handler raise _WorkItemTimeout("work item exceeded soft timeout budget") __mp_main__._WorkItemTimeout: work item exceeded soft timeout budget
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 103.5s turn · 103.5s LLM · 6,377 chars (click to expand)
turn 8103.5s turn · 103.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering code compilation** I'm thinking about the compilation timing out due to including ATen. That's not ideal. I wonder if I should just skip that to avoid issues, especially if the final submission could time out if it’s too heavy. A simpler version would compile faster, so I'll opt for that. The channel_last simple compile seems okay, but can I reduce the final code without making it too heavy? Maybe a static check would be wise before submission.
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + 1]), fmaxf(x[base + W], x[base + W + 1]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_cl_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int c = idx % C;\n int t = idx / C;\n int ow = t % Wo;\n t /= Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n int n = t / Ho;\n int ih = oh << 1;\n int iw = ow << 1;\n int base = ((n * H + ih) * W + iw) * C + c;\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + C]), fmaxf(x[base + W*C], x[base + (W+1)*C]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H / 2, Wo = W / 2;\n bool cl = x.is_contiguous(at::MemoryFormat::ChannelsLast);\n torch::Tensor y;\n if (cl) y = torch::empty_strided({N,C,Ho,Wo}, {Ho*Wo*C, 1, Wo*C, C}, x.options());\n else y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n int total = (int)(N*C*Ho*Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n if (cl) relu_pool2d_cl_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n else relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='vgg16_relu_pool_cl_ext1', cpp_sources=[_cpp], cuda_sources=[_cuda], functions=['relu_pool2d'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(inplace=True), nn.Dropout(p=0.0), nn.Linear(4096, num_classes)\n )\n self.features.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n f = self.features\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True); x = f[2](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True); x = f[7](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True); x = f[14](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True); x = f[21](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True); x = f[28](x); x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True); x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True); x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED (with warnings): WARNING: Uses torch.nn.functional op: F.relu WARNING: Uses torch.nn compute layer (only containers, Parameter, init allowed)
turn 9 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 24.1s turn · 24.1s LLM · 7,539 chars (click to expand)
turn 924.1s turn · 24.1s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Exploring tensor operations** I’m considering the idea of adding a custom kernel instead of using the standard `torch.flatten`, which might be relying on the default copy kernel. The custom approach could be faster, but its speed benefit might be minimal. I need to implement this in the same extension, focusing on functions like `relu_pool2d` and `flatten_cl`. I’m thinking about how to determine the output shape and indexing over the logical flat order, while accounting for the specific offsets in the input.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n\n_cuda = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int t = idx / Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n t /= Ho;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + 1]), fmaxf(x[base + W], x[base + W + 1]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\n__global__ void relu_pool2d_cl_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int c = idx % C;\n int t = idx / C;\n int ow = t % Wo;\n t /= Wo;\n int oh = t % Ho;\n int n = t / Ho;\n int base = ((n * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1)) * C + c;\n float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + C]), fmaxf(x[base + W*C], x[base + (W+1)*C]));\n y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {\n int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = H >> 1, Wo = W >> 1;\n bool cl = x.is_contiguous(at::MemoryFormat::ChannelsLast);\n torch::Tensor y;\n if (cl) {\n y = torch::empty_strided({N, C, Ho, Wo}, {Ho * Wo * C, 1, Wo * C, C}, x.options());\n } else {\n y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());\n }\n int total = (int)(N * C * Ho * Wo);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (cl) {\n relu_pool2d_cl_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(),\n total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n } else {\n relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(),\n total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='vgg16_relu_pool_cl_final',\n cpp_sources=[_cpp],\n cuda_sources=[_cuda],\n functions=['relu_pool2d'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.features = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),\n )\n self.classifier = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Linear(512 * 7 * 7, 4096),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Dropout(p=0.0),\n nn.Linear(4096, 4096),\n nn.ReLU(inplace=True),\n nn.Dropout(p=0.0),\n nn.Linear(4096, num_classes),\n )\n self.features.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n f = self.features\n x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[2](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[7](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[14](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[21](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True)\n x = f[28](x)\n x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n c = self.classifier\n x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True)\n x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True)\n x = c[6](x)\n return x\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 2.41 μs Runtime stats: mean=2.41μs median=?μs std=0.71μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.19e-07 mean_abs_err=3.76e-08 max_rel_err=1.65e-02 Memory: 1342.59 MB peak (ref: 1588.59 MB, ratio: 0.8451x) Kernel launches: 142 (ref: 150, fusion ratio: 1.0563) Energy: 241.62 mJ/run (ref: 1449.54 mJ, ratio: 5.9993x) SOL score: 0.1506
final submitted kernel (156 lines, 5,646 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x);
'''

_cuda = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__global__ void relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,
                                        int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    int ow = idx % Wo;
    int t = idx / Wo;
    int oh = t % Ho;
    t /= Ho;
    int c = t % C;
    int n = t / C;
    int base = ((n * C + c) * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1);
    float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + 1]), fmaxf(x[base + W], x[base + W + 1]));
    y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);
}

__global__ void relu_pool2d_cl_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,
                                      int total, int C, int H, int W, int Ho, int Wo) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    int c = idx % C;
    int t = idx / C;
    int ow = t % Wo;
    t /= Wo;
    int oh = t % Ho;
    int n = t / Ho;
    int base = ((n * H + (oh << 1)) * W + (ow << 1)) * C + c;
    float m = fmaxf(fmaxf(x[base], x[base + C]), fmaxf(x[base + W*C], x[base + (W+1)*C]));
    y[idx] = fmaxf(m, 0.0f);
}

torch::Tensor relu_pool2d(torch::Tensor x) {
    int64_t N = x.size(0), C = x.size(1), H = x.size(2), W = x.size(3);
    int64_t Ho = H >> 1, Wo = W >> 1;
    bool cl = x.is_contiguous(at::MemoryFormat::ChannelsLast);
    torch::Tensor y;
    if (cl) {
        y = torch::empty_strided({N, C, Ho, Wo}, {Ho * Wo * C, 1, Wo * C, C}, x.options());
    } else {
        y = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, x.options());
    }
    int total = (int)(N * C * Ho * Wo);
    int threads = 256;
    int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    if (cl) {
        relu_pool2d_cl_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(),
                                                              total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);
    } else {
        relu_pool2d_nchw_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(),
                                                                total, (int)C, (int)H, (int)W, (int)Ho, (int)Wo);
    }
    return y;
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(
    name='vgg16_relu_pool_cl_final',
    cpp_sources=[_cpp],
    cuda_sources=[_cuda],
    functions=['relu_pool2d'],
    extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],
    extra_cflags=['-O3'],
    verbose=False,
)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.features = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            nn.Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
        )
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(512 * 7 * 7, 4096),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(p=0.0),
            nn.Linear(4096, 4096),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(p=0.0),
            nn.Linear(4096, num_classes),
        )
        self.features.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
        f = self.features
        x = F.relu(f[0](x), inplace=True)
        x = f[2](x)
        x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)
        x = F.relu(f[5](x), inplace=True)
        x = f[7](x)
        x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)
        x = F.relu(f[10](x), inplace=True)
        x = F.relu(f[12](x), inplace=True)
        x = f[14](x)
        x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)
        x = F.relu(f[17](x), inplace=True)
        x = F.relu(f[19](x), inplace=True)
        x = f[21](x)
        x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)
        x = F.relu(f[24](x), inplace=True)
        x = F.relu(f[26](x), inplace=True)
        x = f[28](x)
        x = _ext.relu_pool2d(x)
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        c = self.classifier
        x = F.relu(c[0](x), inplace=True)
        x = F.relu(c[3](x), inplace=True)
        x = c[6](x)
        return x