correct
33_VectorizedPoseTransformFused.py
started
2026-05-02T09:17:18Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
0.01 / — / 1.47e-04 μs
ref mean / median / std
0.32 / — / 0.02 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
45.50x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
# Default ModelNew is PyTorch-only. run_and_check: use check_kernel=False with backend=cuda
# until the candidate file contains a real CUDA kernel (see kernel_static_checker).
def _quaternion_to_rotation_matrix(q: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Unit quaternion ``q = (w, x, y, z)`` (scalar-first) to rotation matrix ``R``,
shape ``(B, 3, 3)``, with ``p' = p @ R.T`` for row vectors ``p`` (``N×3``).
"""
q = F.normalize(q, dim=-1, eps=1e-8)
w, x, y, z = q.unbind(dim=-1)
xx = x * x
yy = y * y
zz = z * z
xy = x * y
xz = x * z
yz = y * z
wx = w * x
wy = w * y
wz = w * z
m00 = 1.0 - 2.0 * (yy + zz)
m01 = 2.0 * (xy - wz)
m02 = 2.0 * (xz + wy)
m10 = 2.0 * (xy + wz)
m11 = 1.0 - 2.0 * (xx + zz)
m12 = 2.0 * (yz - wx)
m20 = 2.0 * (xz - wy)
m21 = 2.0 * (yz + wx)
m22 = 1.0 - 2.0 * (xx + yy)
row0 = torch.stack((m00, m01, m02), dim=-1)
row1 = torch.stack((m10, m11, m12), dim=-1)
row2 = torch.stack((m20, m21, m22), dim=-1)
return torch.stack((row0, row1, row2), dim=-2)
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
**Fused vectorized pose transform**: rotation from unit quaternion ``q`` and
translation ``t`` applied to a batch of 3D points.
One forward fuses **quaternion → ``3×3``** (Hamilton, scalar-first ``w,x,y,z``)
with **batched matmul** and **broadcast translation**—typical for LiDAR / camera
extrinsics, hand-eye calibration, and world ↔ body frame changes in VLA stacks.
``points' = points @ R.T + t`` with ``points`` row-wise ``(B, N, 3)``.
"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
def forward(
self,
points: torch.Tensor,
quat: torch.Tensor,
trans: torch.Tensor,
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Args:
points: (B, N, 3) points in the **source** frame.
quat: (B, 4) unit quaternion ``(w, x, y, z)`` mapping source → target rotation.
trans: (B, 3) translation in the **target** frame (same convention as ``R``).
Returns:
(B, N, 3) points in the **target** frame.
"""
B, N, _ = points.shape
assert quat.shape == (B, 4) and trans.shape == (B, 3)
R = _quaternion_to_rotation_matrix(quat)
return torch.matmul(points, R.transpose(-1, -2)) + trans.unsqueeze(1)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
"""KernelBench candidate entry point; default delegates to ``Model``."""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self._impl = Model()
def forward(
self,
points: torch.Tensor,
quat: torch.Tensor,
trans: torch.Tensor,
) -> torch.Tensor:
return self._impl(points, quat, trans)
batch_size = 8
num_points = 512
def get_inputs():
p = popcorn_pri
points = torch.randn(p.jitter_int(batch_size), p.jitter_int(num_points), 3)
quat = torch.randn(p.jitter_int(batch_size), 4)
trans = torch.randn(p.jitter_int(batch_size), 3)
return [points, quat, trans]
def get_init_inputs():
return []
turn 04.9s turn · 4.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Optimizing Python File**
I need to create a Python file that includes load_inline, focusing on optimizing for B=8 and N=512, likely using fp32 for CUDA with contiguous memory. The operation seems simple, but first, I should perform some compile checks. It’s essential to gather the specifications to make sure everything is aligned correctly. Let's make sure I’m covering all the necessary details for this optimization.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs
{}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs
GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3:
total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB
spec entry: H100
GPU Architecture: Hopper
GPU Memory: 80GB
Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s
FP64 TFLOPS: 34
FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67
FP32 TFLOPS: 67
TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity
BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity
INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity
Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM
Maximum number of registers per thread: 255
Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32
Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB
Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.4s turn · 13.4s LLM · 6,603 chars (click to expand)
turn 113.4s turn · 13.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,\n const float* __restrict__ quat,\n const float* __restrict__ trans,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (tid >= N) return;\n\n const float* q = quat + b * 4;\n float w = q[0];\n float x = q[1];\n float y = q[2];\n float z = q[3];\n float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;\n float invn = rsqrtf(ss);\n // Match torch.nn.functional.normalize(..., eps=1e-8) for normal inputs.\n if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;\n w *= invn; x *= invn; y *= invn; z *= invn;\n\n float xx = x * x;\n float yy = y * y;\n float zz = z * z;\n float xy = x * y;\n float xz = x * z;\n float yz = y * z;\n float wx = w * x;\n float wy = w * y;\n float wz = w * z;\n\n float m00 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);\n float m01 = 2.0f * (xy - wz);\n float m02 = 2.0f * (xz + wy);\n float m10 = 2.0f * (xy + wz);\n float m11 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);\n float m12 = 2.0f * (yz - wx);\n float m20 = 2.0f * (xz - wy);\n float m21 = 2.0f * (yz + wx);\n float m22 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);\n\n const float* p = points + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n float px = p[0];\n float py = p[1];\n float pz = p[2];\n const float* t = trans + b * 3;\n\n float* o = out + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n o[0] = px * m00 + py * m01 + pz * m02 + t[0];\n o[1] = px * m10 + py * m11 + pz * m12 + t[1];\n o[2] = px * m20 + py * m21 + pz * m22 + t[2];\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(points);\n int B = points.size(0);\n int N = points.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n dim3 block(threads);\n dim3 grid(B, (N + threads - 1) / threads);\n pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='pose_transform_ext_v1', cpp_sources='', cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['pose_transform'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel
compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError.
RuntimeError: Error building extension 'pose_transform_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=pose_transform_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_33_cache/k_fb2bbe8b9eba/pose_transform_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o
FAILED: [code=1] main.o
/opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=pose_transform_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_33_cache/k_fb2bbe8b9eba/pose_transform_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o
/scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_33_cache/k_fb2bbe8b9eba/pose_transform_ext_v1/main.cpp: In function 'void pybind11_init_pose_transform_ext_v1(pybind11::module_&)':
/scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_33_cache/k_fb2bbe8b9eba/pose_transform_ext_v1/main.cpp:4:53: error: 'pose_transform' was not declared in this scope
4 | m.def("pose_transform", torch::wrap_pybind_function(pose_transform), "pose_transform");
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=pose_transform_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_33_cache/k_fb2bbe8b9eba/pose_transform_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o
nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 27.7s turn · 7.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Declaring tensor in C++**
I need to declare the tensor within cpp_sources. I'll go ahead and declare `torch::Tensor pose_transform(...)`. To do that properly, I have to ensure that `cpp_sources` includes `torch/extension.h`. It seems pretty straightforward, but I want to make sure I’m following the right structure. Also, I’ll double-check the syntax while I'm at it. Wouldn't want any mistakes in the declaration!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,\n const float* __restrict__ quat,\n const float* __restrict__ trans,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (tid >= N) return;\n\n const float* q = quat + b * 4;\n float w = q[0];\n float x = q[1];\n float y = q[2];\n float z = q[3];\n float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;\n float invn = rsqrtf(ss);\n if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;\n w *= invn; x *= invn; y *= invn; z *= invn;\n\n float xx = x * x;\n float yy = y * y;\n float zz = z * z;\n float xy = x * y;\n float xz = x * z;\n float yz = y * z;\n float wx = w * x;\n float wy = w * y;\n float wz = w * z;\n\n float m00 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);\n float m01 = 2.0f * (xy - wz);\n float m02 = 2.0f * (xz + wy);\n float m10 = 2.0f * (xy + wz);\n float m11 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);\n float m12 = 2.0f * (yz - wx);\n float m20 = 2.0f * (xz - wy);\n float m21 = 2.0f * (yz + wx);\n float m22 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);\n\n const float* p = points + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n float px = p[0];\n float py = p[1];\n float pz = p[2];\n const float* t = trans + b * 3;\n\n float* o = out + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n o[0] = px * m00 + py * m01 + pz * m02 + t[0];\n o[1] = px * m10 + py * m11 + pz * m12 + t[1];\n o[2] = px * m20 + py * m21 + pz * m22 + t[2];\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(points);\n int B = (int)points.size(0);\n int N = (int)points.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n dim3 block(threads);\n dim3 grid(B, (N + threads - 1) / threads);\n pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='pose_transform_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['pose_transform'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 36.5s turn · 6.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,\n const float* __restrict__ quat,\n const float* __restrict__ trans,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N) {\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (tid >= N) return;\n\n const float* q = quat + b * 4;\n float w = q[0];\n float x = q[1];\n float y = q[2];\n float z = q[3];\n float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;\n float invn = rsqrtf(ss);\n if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;\n w *= invn; x *= invn; y *= invn; z *= invn;\n\n float xx = x * x;\n float yy = y * y;\n float zz = z * z;\n float xy = x * y;\n float xz = x * z;\n float yz = y * z;\n float wx = w * x;\n float wy = w * y;\n float wz = w * z;\n\n float m00 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);\n float m01 = 2.0f * (xy - wz);\n float m02 = 2.0f * (xz + wy);\n float m10 = 2.0f * (xy + wz);\n float m11 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);\n float m12 = 2.0f * (yz - wx);\n float m20 = 2.0f * (xz - wy);\n float m21 = 2.0f * (yz + wx);\n float m22 = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);\n\n const float* p = points + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n float px = p[0];\n float py = p[1];\n float pz = p[2];\n const float* t = trans + b * 3;\n\n float* o = out + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n o[0] = px * m00 + py * m01 + pz * m02 + t[0];\n o[1] = px * m10 + py * m11 + pz * m12 + t[1];\n o[2] = px * m20 + py * m21 + pz * m22 + t[2];\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(points);\n int B = (int)points.size(0);\n int N = (int)points.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n dim3 block(threads);\n dim3 grid(B, (N + threads - 1) / threads);\n pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='pose_transform_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['pose_transform'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.19e-06 mean_abs_err=1.03e-07 max_rel_err=1.94e-03
turn 414.1s turn · 14.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Optimizing computation**
I need to consider optimizing and possibly precomputing per batch. Right now, I have 16 blocks with 256 threads computing R redundantly in every thread, which seems expensive. Maybe it’s better to separate the computation, but I’m worried about kernel launch overhead. Could I use one block per batch with 512 threads so each thread computes one point? This way, I could compute quaternion once per block and share results, improving efficiency and reducing redundancy.
**Exploring grid optimization**
I'm considering splitting the grid further, perhaps with 128 threads and 4 blocks per batch, resulting in 32 blocks. However, I’m worried about redundancy and the H100 launch overhead. An alternative might be using one thread per output element, leading to 12288 threads or 48 blocks if I keep it at 256. Each output would recompute R, which means more computation. I’ve thought about using shared memory with 128 threads, allowing better parallelism and reducing sqrt calculations, computing R only once per block.
**Addressing computation correctness**
I think I'm working on a general approach for N using a grid with B blocks and ceil(N/128). I need to consider the potential issue regarding the shared array per block. It’s crucial to focus on coding for correctness first. Should I use sqrtf or rsqrt with fast math? Thread0 might be key here. I wonder if using __frsqrt_rn would be appropriate, or if rsqrtf would work just as well for maintaining numerical accuracy within tolerance.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,\n const float* __restrict__ quat,\n const float* __restrict__ trans,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N) {\n __shared__ float s[12]; // 9 rotation + 3 translation\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n const float* q = quat + b * 4;\n float w = q[0], x = q[1], y = q[2], z = q[3];\n float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;\n float invn = rsqrtf(ss);\n if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;\n w *= invn; x *= invn; y *= invn; z *= invn;\n float xx = x*x, yy = y*y, zz = z*z;\n float xy = x*y, xz = x*z, yz = y*z;\n float wx = w*x, wy = w*y, wz = w*z;\n s[0] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);\n s[1] = 2.0f * (xy - wz);\n s[2] = 2.0f * (xz + wy);\n s[3] = 2.0f * (xy + wz);\n s[4] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);\n s[5] = 2.0f * (yz - wx);\n s[6] = 2.0f * (xz - wy);\n s[7] = 2.0f * (yz + wx);\n s[8] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);\n const float* t = trans + b * 3;\n s[9] = t[0]; s[10] = t[1]; s[11] = t[2];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n int tid = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (tid < N) {\n const float* p = points + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n float px = p[0], py = p[1], pz = p[2];\n float* o = out + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n o[0] = px * s[0] + py * s[1] + pz * s[2] + s[9];\n o[1] = px * s[3] + py * s[4] + pz * s[5] + s[10];\n o[2] = px * s[6] + py * s[7] + pz * s[8] + s[11];\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(points);\n int B = (int)points.size(0);\n int N = (int)points.size(1);\n const int threads = 128;\n dim3 grid(B, (N + threads - 1) / threads);\n pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, threads>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='pose_transform_ext_v3', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['pose_transform'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.19e-06 mean_abs_err=1.04e-07 max_rel_err=1.61e-03
turn 520.2s turn · 20.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering warp block configuration**
I'm thinking about the warp block arrangement — having one overhead warp block while keeping it parallel might be the fastest approach. However, I wonder if the overhead from block scheduling would still be acceptable. For a smaller task like 4096 points, I could use 128 blocks with 32 threads each to populate the H100. Sure, that means low occupancy for each block, but on the bright side, there are many blocks available!
**Evaluating block scheduling limits**
I'm considering the block limit per streaming multiprocessor (SM). If there's a limit of 32 blocks per SM and one warp per block, then with 128 blocks, it seems like I’d fill only 4 SM. The scheduler likely distributes one block across each SM until they’re depleted, so 128 blocks could occupy 128 SM, each handling one block. But I’m curious about parallelism; with more warps per block, we can optimize operations. I need to figure out the best combination!
**Optimizing thread synchronization**
I'm exploring the setup for 32-thread blocks with a total of 128 blocks. Each thread seems to have one point, totaling 4096, which feels a bit excessive. There’s shared state management using __syncthreads, and while that has its costs, maybe it's cheap for a single warp. I could replace __syncthreads with __syncwarp since I’m looking at just one warp block. I’ll implement this with 32 threads and check for correctness in my grid setup!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(32) void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,\n const float* __restrict__ quat,\n const float* __restrict__ trans,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N) {\n __shared__ float s[12];\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n const float* q = quat + b * 4;\n float w = q[0], x = q[1], y = q[2], z = q[3];\n float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;\n float invn = rsqrtf(ss);\n if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;\n w *= invn; x *= invn; y *= invn; z *= invn;\n float xx = x*x, yy = y*y, zz = z*z;\n float xy = x*y, xz = x*z, yz = y*z;\n float wx = w*x, wy = w*y, wz = w*z;\n s[0] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);\n s[1] = 2.0f * (xy - wz);\n s[2] = 2.0f * (xz + wy);\n s[3] = 2.0f * (xy + wz);\n s[4] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);\n s[5] = 2.0f * (yz - wx);\n s[6] = 2.0f * (xz - wy);\n s[7] = 2.0f * (yz + wx);\n s[8] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);\n const float* t = trans + b * 3;\n s[9] = t[0]; s[10] = t[1]; s[11] = t[2];\n }\n __syncwarp();\n int tid = blockIdx.y * 32 + threadIdx.x;\n if (tid < N) {\n const float* p = points + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n float px = p[0], py = p[1], pz = p[2];\n float* o = out + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n o[0] = px * s[0] + py * s[1] + pz * s[2] + s[9];\n o[1] = px * s[3] + py * s[4] + pz * s[5] + s[10];\n o[2] = px * s[6] + py * s[7] + pz * s[8] + s[11];\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(points);\n int B = (int)points.size(0);\n int N = (int)points.size(1);\n dim3 grid(B, (N + 31) / 32);\n pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, 32>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='pose_transform_ext_v4', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['pose_transform'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.19e-06 mean_abs_err=1.04e-07 max_rel_err=1.61e-03
turn 615.5s turn · 15.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Testing numerical correctness**
I’m looking at timing and synchronization, which includes various numerical issues. For fast_math, I'm considering the rsqrt function and its accuracy within 1e-4, which seems fine. But what about when dealing with adversarial quaternions that are near zero? I think I should use random normal inputs, avoiding zeros. I’ll also run some correctness trials randomly. Lastly, a static check could help ensure everything is functioning properly.
call → static_check
callstatic_check
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,\n const float* __restrict__ quat,\n const float* __restrict__ trans,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N) {\n __shared__ float s[12]; // 9 rotation + 3 translation\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n const float* q = quat + b * 4;\n float w = q[0], x = q[1], y = q[2], z = q[3];\n float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;\n float invn = rsqrtf(ss);\n if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;\n w *= invn; x *= invn; y *= invn; z *= invn;\n float xx = x*x, yy = y*y, zz = z*z;\n float xy = x*y, xz = x*z, yz = y*z;\n float wx = w*x, wy = w*y, wz = w*z;\n s[0] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);\n s[1] = 2.0f * (xy - wz);\n s[2] = 2.0f * (xz + wy);\n s[3] = 2.0f * (xy + wz);\n s[4] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);\n s[5] = 2.0f * (yz - wx);\n s[6] = 2.0f * (xz - wy);\n s[7] = 2.0f * (yz + wx);\n s[8] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);\n const float* t = trans + b * 3;\n s[9] = t[0]; s[10] = t[1]; s[11] = t[2];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n int tid = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (tid < N) {\n const float* p = points + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n float px = p[0], py = p[1], pz = p[2];\n float* o = out + (b * N + tid) * 3;\n o[0] = px * s[0] + py * s[1] + pz * s[2] + s[9];\n o[1] = px * s[3] + py * s[4] + pz * s[5] + s[10];\n o[2] = px * s[6] + py * s[7] + pz * s[8] + s[11];\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(points);\n int B = (int)points.size(0);\n int N = (int)points.size(1);\n const int threads = 128;\n dim3 grid(B, (N + threads - 1) / threads);\n pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, threads>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='pose_transform_ext_final', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['pose_transform'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)\n"
}
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check
static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 78.0s turn · 8.0s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,\n const float* __restrict__ quat,\n const float* __restrict__ trans,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N) {\n __shared__ float s[12];\n int b = blockIdx.x;\n\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n const float* q = quat + b * 4;\n float w = q[0];\n float x = q[1];\n float y = q[2];\n float z = q[3];\n\n float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;\n float invn = rsqrtf(ss);\n if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;\n w *= invn;\n x *= invn;\n y *= invn;\n z *= invn;\n\n float xx = x * x;\n float yy = y * y;\n float zz = z * z;\n float xy = x * y;\n float xz = x * z;\n float yz = y * z;\n float wx = w * x;\n float wy = w * y;\n float wz = w * z;\n\n s[0] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);\n s[1] = 2.0f * (xy - wz);\n s[2] = 2.0f * (xz + wy);\n s[3] = 2.0f * (xy + wz);\n s[4] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);\n s[5] = 2.0f * (yz - wx);\n s[6] = 2.0f * (xz - wy);\n s[7] = 2.0f * (yz + wx);\n s[8] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);\n\n const float* t = trans + b * 3;\n s[9] = t[0];\n s[10] = t[1];\n s[11] = t[2];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n int n = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (n < N) {\n const float* p = points + (b * N + n) * 3;\n float px = p[0];\n float py = p[1];\n float pz = p[2];\n\n float* o = out + (b * N + n) * 3;\n o[0] = px * s[0] + py * s[1] + pz * s[2] + s[9];\n o[1] = px * s[3] + py * s[4] + pz * s[5] + s[10];\n o[2] = px * s[6] + py * s[7] + pz * s[8] + s[11];\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(points);\n int B = (int)points.size(0);\n int N = (int)points.size(1);\n const int threads = 128;\n dim3 block(threads);\n dim3 grid(B, (N + threads - 1) / threads);\n pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='pose_transform_ext_final',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['pose_transform'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super().__init__()\n\n def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 0.01 μs
Runtime stats: mean=0.01μs median=?μs std=0.00μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.19e-06 mean_abs_err=1.04e-07 max_rel_err=1.61e-03
Memory: 32.09 MB peak (ref: 32.14 MB, ratio: 0.9985x)
Kernel launches: 2 (ref: 91, fusion ratio: 45.5)
SOL score: 0.0043
Flagged for excessive speedup — this submission may have been rejected by automated review.
final submitted kernel (106 lines, 3,085 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans);
'''
_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
__global__ void pose_transform_kernel(const float* __restrict__ points,
const float* __restrict__ quat,
const float* __restrict__ trans,
float* __restrict__ out,
int N) {
__shared__ float s[12];
int b = blockIdx.x;
if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
const float* q = quat + b * 4;
float w = q[0];
float x = q[1];
float y = q[2];
float z = q[3];
float ss = w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z;
float invn = rsqrtf(ss);
if (ss < 1.0e-16f) invn = 1.0e8f;
w *= invn;
x *= invn;
y *= invn;
z *= invn;
float xx = x * x;
float yy = y * y;
float zz = z * z;
float xy = x * y;
float xz = x * z;
float yz = y * z;
float wx = w * x;
float wy = w * y;
float wz = w * z;
s[0] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (yy + zz);
s[1] = 2.0f * (xy - wz);
s[2] = 2.0f * (xz + wy);
s[3] = 2.0f * (xy + wz);
s[4] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + zz);
s[5] = 2.0f * (yz - wx);
s[6] = 2.0f * (xz - wy);
s[7] = 2.0f * (yz + wx);
s[8] = 1.0f - 2.0f * (xx + yy);
const float* t = trans + b * 3;
s[9] = t[0];
s[10] = t[1];
s[11] = t[2];
}
__syncthreads();
int n = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (n < N) {
const float* p = points + (b * N + n) * 3;
float px = p[0];
float py = p[1];
float pz = p[2];
float* o = out + (b * N + n) * 3;
o[0] = px * s[0] + py * s[1] + pz * s[2] + s[9];
o[1] = px * s[3] + py * s[4] + pz * s[5] + s[10];
o[2] = px * s[6] + py * s[7] + pz * s[8] + s[11];
}
}
torch::Tensor pose_transform(torch::Tensor points, torch::Tensor quat, torch::Tensor trans) {
auto out = torch::empty_like(points);
int B = (int)points.size(0);
int N = (int)points.size(1);
const int threads = 128;
dim3 block(threads);
dim3 grid(B, (N + threads - 1) / threads);
pose_transform_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(points.data_ptr<float>(), quat.data_ptr<float>(), trans.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N);
return out;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(
name='pose_transform_ext_final',
cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
functions=['pose_transform'],
extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],
verbose=False,
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
def forward(self, points: torch.Tensor, quat: torch.Tensor, trans: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
return _ext.pose_transform(points, quat, trans)