gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_default_gpt
correct 91_ConvTranspose2d_Softmax_BiasAdd_Scaling_Sigmoid.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
9 / 10
tool calls
9
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
4.04 μs
ref runtime
9.29 μs
speedup
2.30x
started
2026-05-02T17:35:14Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
4.04 μs
ref runtime
9.29 μs
speedup
2.30x
kernel mean / median / std
4.04 / — / 0.12 μs
ref mean / median / std
9.29 / — / 0.09 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
1.79e-07
mean abs error
1.03e-08
max rel error
5.75e-07
mean rel error
2.79e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
2370.63 MB
ref peak
2370.63 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
9
ref launches
12
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.33x
total cuda time
11455 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
478.68
ref mJ / run
958.30
ratio (ref / kernel)
2.00x
avg power
119.21 W
ref avg power
103.91 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
49.3%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
11605.66 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
414.8%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
49.3%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
375.2%
ld sectors / req
16.08
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
312
smem / block
268928 B
block size
1536
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
14211.2%
short_scoreboard
885.1%
mio_throttle
693.6%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a transposed convolution, applies softmax, adds a bias term, scales the result, and applies sigmoid.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)
        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)) 
        self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv_transpose(x)
        x = torch.softmax(x, dim=1)
        x = x + self.bias
        x = x * self.scaling_factor
        x = torch.sigmoid(x)
        return x

batch_size = 128
in_channels = 64
out_channels = 128
height, width = 64, 64
kernel_size = 4
stride = 2
padding = 1
output_padding = 1
bias_shape = (out_channels, 1, 1)
scaling_factor = 2.0

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor]
turn 012.0s turn · 12.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Developing a Python file** I need to implement a ConvTranspose2d layer combined with softmax, a bias scale, and sigmoid. For an input shape of N128, Cin64, H64, W64, I'm trying to figure out the parameters: with kernel size 4, stride 2, padding 1, and output padding 1, the output height calculation seems tricky. After working through the formula, I think I got the output height as 129. With 128 channels out, this will lead to a large number of outputs. I should consider using PyTorch’s functionalities, maybe with some custom CUDA for optimization. **Evaluating model and output** I think the evaluation should copy the state dictionary from Model to ModelNew. I need to define the same parameter names for conv_transpose and bias. Incorporating nn.ConvTranspose2d, the output calculations show a whopping 272.65 million elements, which is around 1GB. The softmax function will be applied across dimension 1 for each pixel over 128 classes, with a bias per channel. By fusing softmax with bias, scale, and sigmoid, I can avoid creating intermediate data and potentially speed things up. Can I manage to fuse convtranspose and softmax effectively?
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 123.3s turn · 23.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Simplifying processing strategy** I'm thinking about how to optimize each C loop by focusing on coalescing the threads. If I have threads accessing adjacent pixels with the same condition, that should lead to more efficient memory usage. I might want to consider using shared memory for better performance, but I need to simplify my strategy first, to keep things clear and effective. Let’s figure out the best approach to implement this! **Planning model functions** I'm working on the Python Model's `__init__` function, where I need to create a `conv_transpose`, `bias Param`, and a `scaling_factor`. Then I’ll set things up for the forward call with `conv_transpose` followed by `ext.fused_post`. I’ll also utilize `torch exp` in this process. Okay, after putting it all together, I’ll compile everything and then it’s time to test! Let’s make sure it all runs smoothly and does what it’s supposed to do.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) {\n return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling);\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\n\nconstexpr int PIX = 16;\nconstexpr int GRP = 16;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N, int H, int W,\n float scale) {\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n int tx = threadIdx.x; // pixel in tile\n int ty = threadIdx.y; // channel group\n int HW = H * W;\n int total_pix = N * HW;\n int q = blockIdx.x * PIX + tx;\n bool valid = q < total_pix;\n int n = q / HW;\n int s = q - n * HW;\n\n float m = -FLT_MAX;\n if (valid) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n float v = x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s];\n m = fmaxf(m, v);\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float mm = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) mm = fmaxf(mm, partial[g][tx]);\n maxv[tx] = mm;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n float ss = 0.0f;\n if (valid) {\n float mm = maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n ss += __expf(x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s] - mm);\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = ss;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float ssum = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];\n sumv[tx] = ssum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (valid) {\n float inv = 1.0f / sumv[tx];\n float mm = maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n int idx = ((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s;\n float sm = __expf(x[idx] - mm) * inv;\n float z = (sm + bias[c]) * scale;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-z));\n out[idx] = sig;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0);\n int H = (int)x.size(2);\n int W = (int)x.size(3);\n int HW = H * W;\n int total_pix = N * HW;\n dim3 block(PIX, GRP);\n dim3 grid((total_pix + PIX - 1) / PIX);\n fused_post_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N, H, W, (float)scaling);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_v1', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n return _ext.fused_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 26.9s turn · 6.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) {\n return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling);\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\n\nconstexpr int PIX = 16;\nconstexpr int GRP = 16;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N, int H, int W,\n float scale) {\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n int tx = threadIdx.x;\n int ty = threadIdx.y;\n int HW = H * W;\n int total_pix = N * HW;\n int q = blockIdx.x * PIX + tx;\n bool valid = q < total_pix;\n int n = q / HW;\n int s = q - n * HW;\n\n float m = -FLT_MAX;\n if (valid) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n float v = x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s];\n m = fmaxf(m, v);\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float mm = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) mm = fmaxf(mm, partial[g][tx]);\n maxv[tx] = mm;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n float ss = 0.0f;\n if (valid) {\n float mm = maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n ss += __expf(x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s] - mm);\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = ss;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float ssum = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];\n sumv[tx] = ssum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (valid) {\n float inv = 1.0f / sumv[tx];\n float mm = maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n int idx = ((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s;\n float sm = __expf(x[idx] - mm) * inv;\n float z = (sm + bias[c]) * scale;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-z));\n out[idx] = sig;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0);\n int H = (int)x.size(2);\n int W = (int)x.size(3);\n int total_pix = N * H * W;\n dim3 block(PIX, GRP);\n dim3 grid((total_pix + PIX - 1) / PIX);\n fused_post_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), N, H, W, (float)scaling);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_v1c', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n return _ext.fused_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.79e-07 mean_abs_err=1.03e-08 max_rel_err=5.75e-07
turn 3 · 1 tool call(s) · 22.9s turn · 22.9s LLM · 8,998 chars (click to expand)
turn 322.9s turn · 22.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating pixel processing** I'm thinking about the pixel configuration. Previously, the block dimension was set to x16, which caused warps to split into two groups and become half-coalesced. Now, I'm considering setting it to PIX32 with a group size of 8 for reduction across 8. This approach might be faster, and I want to ensure it maintains correctness. It’s fascinating to tune the settings to achieve optimal performance!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) { return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling); }\n'''\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\nconstexpr int PIX = 32;\nconstexpr int GRP = 8;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ bias,float* __restrict__ out,int N,int H,int W,float scale){\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n int tx=threadIdx.x, ty=threadIdx.y;\n int HW=H*W; int total_pix=N*HW; int q=blockIdx.x*PIX+tx; bool valid=q<total_pix; int n=q/HW; int s=q-n*HW;\n float m=-FLT_MAX;\n if(valid){\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ float v=x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]; m=fmaxf(m,v); }\n }\n partial[ty][tx]=m; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){ float mm=partial[0][tx]; #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) mm=fmaxf(mm,partial[g][tx]); maxv[tx]=mm; }\n __syncthreads();\n float ss=0.0f;\n if(valid){ float mm=maxv[tx]; #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP) ss += __expf(x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]-mm); }\n partial[ty][tx]=ss; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){ float ssum=partial[0][tx]; #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) ssum += partial[g][tx]; sumv[tx]=ssum; }\n __syncthreads();\n if(valid){ float inv=1.0f/sumv[tx]; float mm=maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ int idx=((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s; float sm=__expf(x[idx]-mm)*inv; float z=(sm+bias[c])*scale; out[idx]=1.0f/(1.0f+__expf(-z)); }\n }\n}\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling){ auto out=torch::empty_like(x); int N=x.size(0), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3); int total_pix=N*H*W; dim3 block(PIX,GRP); dim3 grid((total_pix+PIX-1)/PIX); fused_post_kernel<<<grid,block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),bias.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N,H,W,(float)scaling); return out; }\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_v2', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,output_padding=output_padding); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.scaling_factor=scaling_factor\n def forward(self,x):\n y=self.conv_transpose(x); return _ext.fused_postprocess(y,self.bias,float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: kernel did not compile. Error building extension 'fused_ct_post_ext_v2': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_ct_post_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_ct_post_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_ct_post_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu(24): error: "#" not expected here if(ty==0){ float mm=partial[0][tx]; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu(24): error: expected an expression if(ty==0){ float mm=partial[0][tx]; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu(28): error: "#" not expected here if(valid){ float mm=maxv[tx]; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu(28): error: expected an expression if(valid){ float mm=maxv[tx]; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu(31): error: "#" not expected here if(ty==0){ float ssum=partial[0][tx]; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu(31): error: expected an expression if(ty==0){ float ssum=partial[0][tx]; #pragma unroll ^ 6 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_91_cache/k_7ab6c3b3ce44/fused_ct_post_ext_v2/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 49.6s turn · 9.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) { return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling); }\n'''\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\nconstexpr int PIX = 32;\nconstexpr int GRP = 8;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ bias,float* __restrict__ out,int N,int H,int W,float scale){\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n int tx=threadIdx.x, ty=threadIdx.y;\n int HW=H*W; int total_pix=N*HW; int q=blockIdx.x*PIX+tx; bool valid=q<total_pix; int n=q/HW; int s=q-n*HW;\n float m=-FLT_MAX;\n if(valid){\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ float v=x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]; m=fmaxf(m,v); }\n }\n partial[ty][tx]=m; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){\n float mm=partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) mm=fmaxf(mm,partial[g][tx]);\n maxv[tx]=mm;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float ss=0.0f;\n if(valid){\n float mm=maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP) ss += __expf(x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]-mm);\n }\n partial[ty][tx]=ss; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){\n float ssum=partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];\n sumv[tx]=ssum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if(valid){ float inv=1.0f/sumv[tx]; float mm=maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ int idx=((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s; float sm=__expf(x[idx]-mm)*inv; float z=(sm+bias[c])*scale; out[idx]=1.0f/(1.0f+__expf(-z)); }\n }\n}\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling){ auto out=torch::empty_like(x); int N=x.size(0), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3); int total_pix=N*H*W; dim3 block(PIX,GRP); dim3 grid((total_pix+PIX-1)/PIX); fused_post_kernel<<<grid,block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),bias.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N,H,W,(float)scaling); return out; }\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_v2b', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,output_padding=output_padding); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.scaling_factor=scaling_factor\n def forward(self,x):\n y=self.conv_transpose(x); return _ext.fused_postprocess(y,self.bias,float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.79e-07 mean_abs_err=1.03e-08 max_rel_err=5.75e-07
turn 520.7s turn · 20.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) { return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling); }\n'''\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\nconstexpr int PIX = 32;\nconstexpr int GRP = 8;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ bias,float* __restrict__ out,int N,int H,int W,float scale){\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n __shared__ float ebuf[COUT][PIX];\n int tx=threadIdx.x, ty=threadIdx.y;\n int HW=H*W; int total_pix=N*HW; int q=blockIdx.x*PIX+tx; bool valid=q<total_pix; int n=q/HW; int s=q-n*HW;\n float m=-FLT_MAX;\n if(valid){\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ float v=x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]; m=fmaxf(m,v); }\n }\n partial[ty][tx]=m; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){\n float mm=partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) mm=fmaxf(mm,partial[g][tx]);\n maxv[tx]=mm;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float ss=0.0f;\n if(valid){\n float mm=maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ float e=__expf(x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]-mm); ebuf[c][tx]=e; ss += e; }\n } else {\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP) ebuf[c][tx]=0.0f;\n }\n partial[ty][tx]=ss; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){\n float ssum=partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];\n sumv[tx]=ssum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if(valid){ float inv=1.0f/sumv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ int idx=((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s; float sm=ebuf[c][tx]*inv; float z=(sm+bias[c])*scale; out[idx]=1.0f/(1.0f+__expf(-z)); }\n }\n}\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling){ auto out=torch::empty_like(x); int N=x.size(0), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3); int total_pix=N*H*W; dim3 block(PIX,GRP); dim3 grid((total_pix+PIX-1)/PIX); fused_post_kernel<<<grid,block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),bias.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N,H,W,(float)scaling); return out; }\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_v3', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,output_padding=output_padding); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.scaling_factor=scaling_factor\n def forward(self,x):\n y=self.conv_transpose(x); return _ext.fused_postprocess(y,self.bias,float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.79e-07 mean_abs_err=1.03e-08 max_rel_err=5.75e-07
turn 612.5s turn · 12.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) { return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling); }\n'''\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\nconstexpr int PIX = 32;\nconstexpr int GRP = 8;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ bias,float* __restrict__ out,int H,int W,float scale){\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n __shared__ float ebuf[COUT][PIX];\n int tx=threadIdx.x, ty=threadIdx.y;\n int HW=H*W; int n=blockIdx.y; int s=blockIdx.x*PIX+tx; bool valid=s<HW;\n float m=-FLT_MAX;\n if(valid){\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ float v=x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]; m=fmaxf(m,v); }\n }\n partial[ty][tx]=m; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){\n float mm=partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) mm=fmaxf(mm,partial[g][tx]);\n maxv[tx]=mm;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float ss=0.0f;\n if(valid){\n float mm=maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ float e=__expf(x[((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s]-mm); ebuf[c][tx]=e; ss += e; }\n }\n partial[ty][tx]=ss; __syncthreads();\n if(ty==0){\n float ssum=partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int g=1;g<GRP;++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];\n sumv[tx]=ssum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if(valid){ float inv=1.0f/sumv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for(int c=ty;c<COUT;c+=GRP){ int idx=((n*COUT+c)*HW)+s; float sm=ebuf[c][tx]*inv; float z=(sm+bias[c])*scale; out[idx]=1.0f/(1.0f+__expf(-z)); }\n }\n}\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling){ auto out=torch::empty_like(x); int N=x.size(0), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3); int HW=H*W; dim3 block(PIX,GRP); dim3 grid((HW+PIX-1)/PIX,N); fused_post_kernel<<<grid,block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),bias.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),H,W,(float)scaling); return out; }\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_v4', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,output_padding=output_padding); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.scaling_factor=scaling_factor\n def forward(self,x):\n y=self.conv_transpose(x); return _ext.fused_postprocess(y,self.bias,float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.79e-07 mean_abs_err=1.03e-08 max_rel_err=5.75e-07
turn 710.9s turn · 10.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) { return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling); }\n'''\n\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\n\nconstexpr int PIX = 32;\nconstexpr int GRP = 8;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int H, int W, float scale) {\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n __shared__ float ebuf[COUT][PIX];\n int tx = threadIdx.x;\n int ty = threadIdx.y;\n int HW = H * W;\n int n = blockIdx.y;\n int s = blockIdx.x * PIX + tx;\n bool valid = s < HW;\n\n float m = -FLT_MAX;\n if (valid) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n float v = x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s];\n m = fmaxf(m, v);\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float mm = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) mm = fmaxf(mm, partial[g][tx]);\n maxv[tx] = mm;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n float ss = 0.0f;\n if (valid) {\n float mm = maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n float e = __expf(x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s] - mm);\n ebuf[c][tx] = e;\n ss += e;\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = ss;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float ssum = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];\n sumv[tx] = ssum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (valid) {\n float inv = 1.0f / sumv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n int idx = ((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s;\n float sm = ebuf[c][tx] * inv;\n float z = (sm + bias[c]) * scale;\n out[idx] = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-z));\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0);\n int H = (int)x.size(2);\n int W = (int)x.size(3);\n int HW = H * W;\n dim3 block(PIX, GRP);\n dim3 grid((HW + PIX - 1) / PIX, N);\n fused_post_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, W, (float)scaling);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_final', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n return _ext.fused_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 810.8s turn · 10.8s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Improving submission process** I need to submit my final work, but it seems like I could improve things by including some code this time. I should remember to call the submit function just once, using the final code I’ve created. This should help streamline the process! I wonder if there are any best practices I should consider when submitting code, just to ensure everything goes smoothly. It’s always good to double-check before hitting that submit button!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) { return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling); }\n'''\n\n_cuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\n\nconstexpr int PIX = 32;\nconstexpr int GRP = 8;\nconstexpr int COUT = 128;\n\n__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int H, int W, float scale) {\n __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];\n __shared__ float maxv[PIX];\n __shared__ float sumv[PIX];\n __shared__ float ebuf[COUT][PIX];\n int tx = threadIdx.x;\n int ty = threadIdx.y;\n int HW = H * W;\n int n = blockIdx.y;\n int s = blockIdx.x * PIX + tx;\n bool valid = s < HW;\n\n float m = -FLT_MAX;\n if (valid) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n float v = x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s];\n m = fmaxf(m, v);\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float mm = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) mm = fmaxf(mm, partial[g][tx]);\n maxv[tx] = mm;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n float ss = 0.0f;\n if (valid) {\n float mm = maxv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n float e = __expf(x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s] - mm);\n ebuf[c][tx] = e;\n ss += e;\n }\n }\n partial[ty][tx] = ss;\n __syncthreads();\n if (ty == 0) {\n float ssum = partial[0][tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];\n sumv[tx] = ssum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (valid) {\n float inv = 1.0f / sumv[tx];\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {\n int idx = ((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s;\n float sm = ebuf[c][tx] * inv;\n float z = (sm + bias[c]) * scale;\n out[idx] = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-z));\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) {\n auto out = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0);\n int H = (int)x.size(2);\n int W = (int)x.size(3);\n int HW = H * W;\n dim3 block(PIX, GRP);\n dim3 grid((HW + PIX - 1) / PIX, N);\n fused_post_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, W, (float)scaling);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_final', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n return _ext.fused_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 4.04 μs Runtime stats: mean=4.04μs median=?μs std=0.12μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.79e-07 mean_abs_err=1.03e-08 max_rel_err=5.75e-07 Memory: 2370.63 MB peak (ref: 2370.63 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 9 (ref: 12, fusion ratio: 1.3333) Energy: 478.68 mJ/run (ref: 958.3 mJ, ratio: 2.002x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (110 lines, 3,662 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_source = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling);
torch::Tensor fused_postprocess(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) { return fused_postprocess_cuda(x, bias, scaling); }
'''

_cuda_source = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <float.h>

constexpr int PIX = 32;
constexpr int GRP = 8;
constexpr int COUT = 128;

__global__ void fused_post_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,
                                  const float* __restrict__ bias,
                                  float* __restrict__ out,
                                  int H, int W, float scale) {
    __shared__ float partial[GRP][PIX];
    __shared__ float maxv[PIX];
    __shared__ float sumv[PIX];
    __shared__ float ebuf[COUT][PIX];
    int tx = threadIdx.x;
    int ty = threadIdx.y;
    int HW = H * W;
    int n = blockIdx.y;
    int s = blockIdx.x * PIX + tx;
    bool valid = s < HW;

    float m = -FLT_MAX;
    if (valid) {
        #pragma unroll
        for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {
            float v = x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s];
            m = fmaxf(m, v);
        }
    }
    partial[ty][tx] = m;
    __syncthreads();
    if (ty == 0) {
        float mm = partial[0][tx];
        #pragma unroll
        for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) mm = fmaxf(mm, partial[g][tx]);
        maxv[tx] = mm;
    }
    __syncthreads();

    float ss = 0.0f;
    if (valid) {
        float mm = maxv[tx];
        #pragma unroll
        for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {
            float e = __expf(x[((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s] - mm);
            ebuf[c][tx] = e;
            ss += e;
        }
    }
    partial[ty][tx] = ss;
    __syncthreads();
    if (ty == 0) {
        float ssum = partial[0][tx];
        #pragma unroll
        for (int g = 1; g < GRP; ++g) ssum += partial[g][tx];
        sumv[tx] = ssum;
    }
    __syncthreads();

    if (valid) {
        float inv = 1.0f / sumv[tx];
        #pragma unroll
        for (int c = ty; c < COUT; c += GRP) {
            int idx = ((n * COUT + c) * HW) + s;
            float sm = ebuf[c][tx] * inv;
            float z = (sm + bias[c]) * scale;
            out[idx] = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-z));
        }
    }
}

torch::Tensor fused_postprocess_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling) {
    auto out = torch::empty_like(x);
    int N = (int)x.size(0);
    int H = (int)x.size(2);
    int W = (int)x.size(3);
    int HW = H * W;
    dim3 block(PIX, GRP);
    dim3 grid((HW + PIX - 1) / PIX, N);
    fused_post_kernel<<<grid, block>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, W, (float)scaling);
    return out;
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(name='fused_ct_post_ext_final', cpp_sources=[_cpp_source], cuda_sources=[_cuda_source], functions=['fused_postprocess'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)
        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
        self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor
    def forward(self, x):
        y = self.conv_transpose(x)
        return _ext.fused_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))