gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_default_gpt
correct 45_Gemm_Sigmoid_LogSumExp.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
6 / 10
tool calls
6
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
8.50 μs
ref runtime
8.57 μs
speedup
1.01x
started
2026-05-02T18:41:09Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
8.50 μs
ref runtime
8.57 μs
speedup
1.01x
kernel mean / median / std
8.50 / — / 0.30 μs
ref mean / median / std
8.57 / — / 0.25 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
9.54e-07
mean abs error
2.41e-08
max rel error
1.37e-07
mean rel error
3.45e-09
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
577.10 MB
ref peak
769.04 MB
kernel / ref
0.75x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
9
ref launches
31
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
3.44x
total cuda time
8692 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
965.86
ref mJ / run
965.66
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.00x
avg power
113.79 W
ref avg power
112.36 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
100.0%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
4872.11 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
202.8%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
189.0%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
213.9%
ld sectors / req
16.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
555
smem / block
69504 B
block size
768
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
4167.7%
short_scoreboard
453.0%
mio_throttle
12.6%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a matrix multiplication (Gemm), applies Sigmoid,
    another Gemm, and computes LogSumExp over features.
    """
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.linear1 = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)
        self.linear2 = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.linear1(x)
        x = torch.sigmoid(x)
        x = self.linear2(x)
        x = torch.logsumexp(x, dim=1)  # compute LogSumExp over features per sample
        return x

batch_size = 16384
input_size = 2048
hidden_size = 4096
output_size = 1024

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, input_size)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [input_size, hidden_size, output_size]
turn 08.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 124.3s turn · 24.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Exploring C++ Linear Functions** I'm trying to figure out how to use at::linear in C++. Should I include <torch/extension.h>? Also, is using `torch::linear` the correct approach? From what I see in the C++ API, at::linear(input, weight, bias) might be defined in ATen/ops/linear.h. I want to make sure I have all the correct details for working with linear functions in the PyTorch C++ API. Let’s see what else I can uncover!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cmath>\n\n__global__ void sigmoid_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ data, int64_t n) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (int64_t i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = data[i];\n data[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v = fmaxf(v, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset));\n return v;\n}\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void logsumexp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input, float* __restrict__ output, int rows, int cols) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* rowptr = input + (int64_t)row * cols;\n float m = -INFINITY;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n m = fmaxf(m, rowptr[c]);\n }\n m = warp_reduce_max(m);\n __shared__ float smem[32];\n int lane = tid & 31;\n int warp = tid >> 5;\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n float bm = -INFINITY;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bm = smem[tid];\n bm = warp_reduce_max(bm);\n bm = __shfl_sync(0xffffffff, bm, 0);\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n s += expf(rowptr[c] - bm);\n }\n s = warp_reduce_sum(s);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = s;\n __syncthreads();\n float bs = 0.0f;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bs = smem[tid];\n bs = warp_reduce_sum(bs);\n if (tid == 0) output[row] = logf(bs) + bm;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2) {\n // h = x @ w1.T + b1\n auto h = at::addmm(b1, x, w1.t());\n int64_t hn = h.numel();\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<int64_t>((hn + threads - 1) / threads, 65535);\n sigmoid_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(h.data_ptr<float>(), hn);\n auto y = at::addmm(b2, h, w2.t());\n auto out = torch::empty({y.size(0)}, y.options());\n logsumexp_kernel<<<(int)y.size(0), 256, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)y.size(0), (int)y.size(1));\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gemm_sigmoid_gemm_lse_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['forward_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear1 = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.linear2 = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.forward_cuda(x, self.linear1.weight, self.linear1.bias, self.linear2.weight, self.linear2.bias)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 28.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cmath>\n\n__global__ void sigmoid_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ data, int64_t n) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (int64_t i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = data[i];\n data[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v = fmaxf(v, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset));\n return v;\n}\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void logsumexp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input, float* __restrict__ output, int rows, int cols) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* rowptr = input + (int64_t)row * cols;\n float m = -INFINITY;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n m = fmaxf(m, rowptr[c]);\n }\n m = warp_reduce_max(m);\n __shared__ float smem[32];\n int lane = tid & 31;\n int warp = tid >> 5;\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n float bm = -INFINITY;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bm = smem[tid];\n bm = warp_reduce_max(bm);\n bm = __shfl_sync(0xffffffff, bm, 0);\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n s += expf(rowptr[c] - bm);\n }\n s = warp_reduce_sum(s);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = s;\n __syncthreads();\n float bs = 0.0f;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bs = smem[tid];\n bs = warp_reduce_sum(bs);\n if (tid == 0) output[row] = logf(bs) + bm;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2) {\n auto h = at::addmm(b1, x, w1.t());\n int64_t hn = h.numel();\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<int64_t>((hn + threads - 1) / threads, 65535);\n sigmoid_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(h.data_ptr<float>(), hn);\n auto y = at::addmm(b2, h, w2.t());\n auto out = torch::empty({y.size(0)}, y.options());\n logsumexp_kernel<<<(int)y.size(0), 256, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)y.size(0), (int)y.size(1));\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gemm_sigmoid_gemm_lse_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['forward_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear1 = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.linear2 = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.forward_cuda(x, self.linear1.weight, self.linear1.bias, self.linear2.weight, self.linear2.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['inf', 'inf', 'inf', 'inf', 'inf'] avg_difference: ['inf', 'inf', 'inf', 'inf', 'inf']
turn 310.8s turn · 10.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cmath>\n\n__global__ void sigmoid_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ data, int64_t n) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (int64_t i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = data[i];\n data[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v = fmaxf(v, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset));\n return v;\n}\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void logsumexp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input, float* __restrict__ output, int rows, int cols) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* rowptr = input + (int64_t)row * cols;\n __shared__ float smem[32];\n int lane = tid & 31;\n int warp = tid >> 5;\n\n float m = -INFINITY;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) m = fmaxf(m, rowptr[c]);\n m = warp_reduce_max(m);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n float bm = -INFINITY;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bm = smem[tid];\n bm = warp_reduce_max(bm);\n if (tid == 0) smem[0] = bm;\n __syncthreads();\n bm = smem[0];\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) s += expf(rowptr[c] - bm);\n s = warp_reduce_sum(s);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = s;\n __syncthreads();\n float bs = 0.0f;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bs = smem[tid];\n bs = warp_reduce_sum(bs);\n if (tid == 0) output[row] = logf(bs) + bm;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2) {\n auto h = at::addmm(b1, x, w1.t());\n int64_t hn = h.numel();\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<int64_t>((hn + threads - 1) / threads, 65535);\n sigmoid_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(h.data_ptr<float>(), hn);\n auto y = at::addmm(b2, h, w2.t());\n auto out = torch::empty({y.size(0)}, y.options());\n logsumexp_kernel<<<(int)y.size(0), 256, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)y.size(0), (int)y.size(1));\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gemm_sigmoid_gemm_lse_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['forward_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear1 = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.linear2 = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.forward_cuda(x, self.linear1.weight, self.linear1.bias, self.linear2.weight, self.linear2.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=9.54e-07 mean_abs_err=2.41e-08 max_rel_err=1.37e-07
turn 414.8s turn · 14.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Optimizing performance** I’m considering how to improve performance by possibly using static checks or submitting directly. While I could run a submit, exploring alternatives like `at::sigmoid` in-place could be beneficial. I wonder if a custom sigmoid would be faster, and the logsumexp could also enhance speed. However, I need to ensure that my custom implementations don’t have unnecessary allocations. It seems that using in-place methods might save significant time and memory, so I'll optimize further on this. Custom solutions could work well! **Exploring optimization options** I’m thinking about combining sigmoid functions and possibly adding the bias with `at::addmm`. I wonder if allowing TF32 would help since it respects PyTorch's global settings. There could be an issue with inputs not being contiguous, but using `torch.rand` keeps them that way. I could also optimize logsumexp for fixed columns by tweaking threads. Additionally, utilizing CUDAGraph for repeated evaluations could be tricky since parameters may have the same addresses. I need to explore static checks further.
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cmath>\n\n__global__ void sigmoid_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ data, int64_t n) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (int64_t i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = data[i];\n data[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v = fmaxf(v, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset));\n return v;\n}\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void logsumexp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input, float* __restrict__ output, int rows, int cols) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* rowptr = input + (int64_t)row * cols;\n __shared__ float smem[32];\n int lane = tid & 31;\n int warp = tid >> 5;\n\n float m = -INFINITY;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) m = fmaxf(m, rowptr[c]);\n m = warp_reduce_max(m);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n float bm = -INFINITY;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bm = smem[tid];\n bm = warp_reduce_max(bm);\n if (tid == 0) smem[0] = bm;\n __syncthreads();\n bm = smem[0];\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) s += expf(rowptr[c] - bm);\n s = warp_reduce_sum(s);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = s;\n __syncthreads();\n float bs = 0.0f;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bs = smem[tid];\n bs = warp_reduce_sum(bs);\n if (tid == 0) output[row] = logf(bs) + bm;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2) {\n auto h = at::addmm(b1, x, w1.t());\n int64_t hn = h.numel();\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<int64_t>((hn + threads - 1) / threads, 65535);\n sigmoid_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(h.data_ptr<float>(), hn);\n auto y = at::addmm(b2, h, w2.t());\n auto out = torch::empty({y.size(0)}, y.options());\n logsumexp_kernel<<<(int)y.size(0), 256, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)y.size(0), (int)y.size(1));\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gemm_sigmoid_gemm_lse_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['forward_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear1 = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.linear2 = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.forward_cuda(x, self.linear1.weight, self.linear1.bias, self.linear2.weight, self.linear2.bias)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 57.7s turn · 7.7s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Deciding on submission** I'm considering whether I need to submit something now. It might just be code, but actually, I should use the submission tool to finalize things. I think testing the timing through submission now could be helpful, though. I'm feeling a bit uncertain, but I suppose I should just go ahead and do it! It's better to take action than to hesitate too long. So, I'll submit!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cmath>\n\n__global__ void sigmoid_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ data, int64_t n) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (int64_t i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = data[i];\n data[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v = fmaxf(v, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset));\n return v;\n}\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void logsumexp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input, float* __restrict__ output, int rows, int cols) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* rowptr = input + (int64_t)row * cols;\n __shared__ float smem[32];\n int lane = tid & 31;\n int warp = tid >> 5;\n\n float m = -INFINITY;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) m = fmaxf(m, rowptr[c]);\n m = warp_reduce_max(m);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = m;\n __syncthreads();\n float bm = -INFINITY;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bm = smem[tid];\n bm = warp_reduce_max(bm);\n if (tid == 0) smem[0] = bm;\n __syncthreads();\n bm = smem[0];\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) s += expf(rowptr[c] - bm);\n s = warp_reduce_sum(s);\n if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = s;\n __syncthreads();\n float bs = 0.0f;\n if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bs = smem[tid];\n bs = warp_reduce_sum(bs);\n if (tid == 0) output[row] = logf(bs) + bm;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2) {\n auto h = at::addmm(b1, x, w1.t());\n int64_t hn = h.numel();\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<int64_t>((hn + threads - 1) / threads, 65535);\n sigmoid_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(h.data_ptr<float>(), hn);\n auto y = at::addmm(b2, h, w2.t());\n auto out = torch::empty({y.size(0)}, y.options());\n logsumexp_kernel<<<(int)y.size(0), 256, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)y.size(0), (int)y.size(1));\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gemm_sigmoid_gemm_lse_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['forward_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear1 = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.linear2 = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.forward_cuda(x, self.linear1.weight, self.linear1.bias, self.linear2.weight, self.linear2.bias)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 8.50 μs Runtime stats: mean=8.50μs median=?μs std=0.30μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=9.54e-07 mean_abs_err=2.41e-08 max_rel_err=1.37e-07 Memory: 577.1 MB peak (ref: 769.04 MB, ratio: 0.7504x) Kernel launches: 9 (ref: 31, fusion ratio: 3.4444) Energy: 965.86 mJ/run (ref: 965.66 mJ, ratio: 0.9998x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (91 lines, 3,351 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>

torch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2);
'''

cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cmath>

__global__ void sigmoid_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ data, int64_t n) {
    int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (int64_t i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {
        float v = data[i];
        data[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));
    }
}

__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_max(float v) {
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v = fmaxf(v, __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset));
    return v;
}
__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);
    return v;
}

__global__ void logsumexp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ input, float* __restrict__ output, int rows, int cols) {
    int row = blockIdx.x;
    int tid = threadIdx.x;
    const float* rowptr = input + (int64_t)row * cols;
    __shared__ float smem[32];
    int lane = tid & 31;
    int warp = tid >> 5;

    float m = -INFINITY;
    for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) m = fmaxf(m, rowptr[c]);
    m = warp_reduce_max(m);
    if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = m;
    __syncthreads();
    float bm = -INFINITY;
    if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bm = smem[tid];
    bm = warp_reduce_max(bm);
    if (tid == 0) smem[0] = bm;
    __syncthreads();
    bm = smem[0];

    float s = 0.0f;
    for (int c = tid; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) s += expf(rowptr[c] - bm);
    s = warp_reduce_sum(s);
    if (lane == 0) smem[warp] = s;
    __syncthreads();
    float bs = 0.0f;
    if (tid < (blockDim.x >> 5)) bs = smem[tid];
    bs = warp_reduce_sum(bs);
    if (tid == 0) output[row] = logf(bs) + bm;
}

torch::Tensor forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w1, torch::Tensor b1, torch::Tensor w2, torch::Tensor b2) {
    auto h = at::addmm(b1, x, w1.t());
    int64_t hn = h.numel();
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    int threads = 256;
    int blocks = (int)std::min<int64_t>((hn + threads - 1) / threads, 65535);
    sigmoid_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(h.data_ptr<float>(), hn);
    auto y = at::addmm(b2, h, w2.t());
    auto out = torch::empty({y.size(0)}, y.options());
    logsumexp_kernel<<<(int)y.size(0), 256, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)y.size(0), (int)y.size(1));
    return out;
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(name='gemm_sigmoid_gemm_lse_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,
                   functions=['forward_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.linear1 = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)
        self.linear2 = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)
    def forward(self, x):
        return _ext.forward_cuda(x, self.linear1.weight, self.linear1.bias, self.linear2.weight, self.linear2.bias)