gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_default_gpt
correct 29_Matmul_Mish_Mish.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
10 / 10
tool calls
10
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
—
ref runtime
2.71 μs
speedup
—
started
2026-05-02T19:12:55Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
—
ref runtime
2.71 μs
speedup
—
kernel mean / median / std
—
ref mean / median / std
2.71 / — / 0.00 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
1.41e-05
mean abs error
4.70e-07
max rel error
1.99e-05
mean rel error
3.67e-06
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
55.8%
compute util %
100.0%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
1867.92 GB/s
dram util %
55.8%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
95.7%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
117.2%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
145.0%
ld sectors / req
20.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
283
smem / block
35328 B
block size
384
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
373.3%
short_scoreboard
78.5%
mio_throttle
24.2%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Simple model that performs a matrix multiplication, applies Mish, and applies Mish again.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.linear = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.linear(x)
        x = torch.nn.functional.mish(x)
        x = torch.nn.functional.mish(x)
        return x

batch_size = 1024
in_features = 8192
out_features = 8192

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_features)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_features, out_features]
turn 011.2s turn · 11.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Crafting a Python module** I'm thinking about creating a Python module that implements linear and Mish activations twice. I wonder if the shapes need to be fixed, possibly using 8192 as constructor args. It seems important to manage weights from nn.Linear and ensure that ModelNew includes linear layers, matching the state dict. Generally, I need to instantiate and load weights with the same parameter names. I'm exploring options for optimizing the GEMM operations. It seems challenging to outperform PyTorch and its cuBLAS routines, especially for large matrix multiplications. **Exploring activation fusion** I'm thinking about how custom activation fusion could save memory bandwidth significantly, especially when dealing with operations around 8192x1024, which is about 33MB. I wonder if I can fuse bias with the two Mish activations alongside cuBLAS. It seems like using `torch.matmul` without bias and then applying the extension for bias and Mish twice might work. While I consider the performance of different methods, I keep thinking that optimizing memory allocation could improve efficiency. The in-place fused operation sounds promising since it could reduce unnecessary allocations. **Considering forward operations** I'm thinking about the forward operation using `torch.mm(..., out=y)`. I wonder if it might not support autograd, especially in evaluation mode, since that usually doesn't track gradients. I need to check if the input requires gradients, but it seems like I don't need to worry about that. It looks like I'll need to load and compile the activation kernel inline to ensure everything runs smoothly. So, I’m figuring out the best way to handle this!
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.7s turn · 13.7s LLM · 6,267 chars (click to expand)
turn 113.7s turn · 13.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softplus_stable(float x) {\n if (x > 20.0f) return x;\n return log1pf(expf(x));\n}\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) {\n return x * tanhf(softplus_stable(x));\n}\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (int)(idx % out_features);\n float z = y[idx] + bias[col];\n float a = mish_f(z);\n y[idx] = mish_f(a);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(-1);\n const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='mish2_linear_ext_v1', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_bias_mish2_inplace'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n def forward(self, x):\n y = torch.empty((x.shape[0], self.linear.weight.shape[0]), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n torch.mm(x, self.linear.weight.t(), out=y)\n return _ext.fused_bias_mish2_inplace(y, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'mish2_linear_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=mish2_linear_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_29_cache/k_de34b73b1597/mish2_linear_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=mish2_linear_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_29_cache/k_de34b73b1597/mish2_linear_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=mish2_linear_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_29_cache/k_de34b73b1597/mish2_linear_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_29_cache/k_de34b73b1597/mish2_linear_ext_v1/cuda.cu(37): error: namespace "at::cuda" has no member "getCurrentCUDAStream" fused_bias_mish2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>( ^ 1 error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_29_cache/k_de34b73b1597/mish2_linear_ext_v1/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 24.3s turn · 4.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softplus_stable(float x) {\n if (x > 20.0f) return x;\n return log1pf(expf(x));\n}\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) {\n return x * tanhf(softplus_stable(x));\n}\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (int)(idx % out_features);\n float z = y[idx] + bias[col];\n float a = mish_f(z);\n y[idx] = mish_f(a);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(-1);\n const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='mish2_linear_ext_v2', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_bias_mish2_inplace'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n def forward(self, x):\n y = torch.empty((x.shape[0], self.linear.weight.shape[0]), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n torch.mm(x, self.linear.weight.t(), out=y)\n return _ext.fused_bias_mish2_inplace(y, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 35.5s turn · 5.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softplus_stable(float x) {\n if (x > 20.0f) return x;\n return log1pf(expf(x));\n}\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) {\n return x * tanhf(softplus_stable(x));\n}\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (int)(idx % out_features);\n float z = y[idx] + bias[col];\n float a = mish_f(z);\n y[idx] = mish_f(a);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(-1);\n const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='mish2_linear_ext_v2', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_bias_mish2_inplace'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.linear = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n def forward(self, x):\n y = torch.empty((x.shape[0], self.linear.weight.shape[0]), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n torch.mm(x, self.linear.weight.t(), out=y)\n return _ext.fused_bias_mish2_inplace(y, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 410.9s turn · 10.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softplus_stable(float x) {\n if (x > 20.0f) return x;\n return log1pf(expf(x));\n}\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) { return x * tanhf(softplus_stable(x)); }\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (out_features == 8192) ? ((int)idx & 8191) : (int)(idx % out_features);\n float z = y[idx] + bias[col];\n float a = mish_f(z);\n y[idx] = mish_f(a);\n }\n}\ntorch::Tensor fused_bias_mish2_inplace(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n const long long n = y.numel(); if (n == 0) return y;\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(-1); const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK(); return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='mish2_linear_ext_fastmath', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_bias_mish2_inplace'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__(); self.linear = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n def forward(self, x):\n y = torch.empty((x.shape[0], self.linear.weight.shape[0]), device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n torch.mm(x, self.linear.weight.t(), out=y)\n return _ext.fused_bias_mish2_inplace(y, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.41e-05 mean_abs_err=4.70e-07 max_rel_err=1.99e-05
turn 510.6s turn · 10.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softplus_stable(float x) { return (x > 20.0f) ? x : log1pf(expf(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) { return x * tanhf(softplus_stable(x)); }\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (out_features == 8192) ? ((int)idx & 8191) : (int)(idx % out_features);\n float z = y[idx] + bias[col];\n float a = mish_f(z);\n y[idx] = mish_f(a);\n }\n}\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias) {\n auto y = torch::empty({x.size(0), weight.size(0)}, x.options());\n auto wt = weight.t();\n torch::mm_out(y, x, wt);\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n) {\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(1); const int threads=256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks=65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='linear_mish2_ext_v1', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['linear_mish2'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super().__init__(); self.linear=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features)\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_mish2(x, self.linear.weight, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 65.7s turn · 5.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softplus_stable(float x) { return (x > 20.0f) ? x : log1pf(expf(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) { return x * tanhf(softplus_stable(x)); }\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (out_features == 8192) ? ((int)idx & 8191) : (int)(idx % out_features);\n float z = y[idx] + bias[col];\n float a = mish_f(z);\n y[idx] = mish_f(a);\n }\n}\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias) {\n auto y = torch::empty({x.size(0), weight.size(0)}, x.options());\n auto wt = weight.t();\n torch::mm_out(y, x, wt);\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n) {\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(1); const int threads=256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks=65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='linear_mish2_ext_v1', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['linear_mish2'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super().__init__(); self.linear=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features)\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_mish2(x, self.linear.weight, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.41e-05 mean_abs_err=4.70e-07 max_rel_err=1.99e-05
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.0s turn · 14.0s LLM · 6,015 chars (click to expand)
turn 714.0s turn · 14.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering performance optimization** I think using a Python call could be faster, especially if I choose the right function. There's the option of using C++ with functions that may improve speed too. I’m considering torch.addmm_out with beta, but it needs bias added in the kernel. For PyTorch linear, it might utilize addmm with a bias epilogue. It's worth enhancing the activation kernel through vectorization since out_features is large. I need to check on bias pointer alignment and optimize thread handling for efficiency. **Optimizing kernel performance** I’m considering how to improve the SFU instruction throughput per warp. It seems that focusing on workload per thread and occupancy could help in testing correctness. I’m thinking about using a kernel with float4 for increased efficiency. The calculations may involve checking if the column index stays within bounds since the output is a multiple of four. If y.size(1) equals 8192 and n is divisible by 4, I should use specialized blocks for better performance. The scalar case would require more threads, and there's a need to balance between math dominance and thread overhead. **Ensuring vector code correctness** I'm thinking about ensuring that the vector code I'm working with is compiled correctly. It's essential to verify that everything functions as intended, which could involve running tests to catch any errors early. I might look into the environment settings and the compilation process to ensure compatibility. Once I check for correctness, I can feel more confident in my code’s performance and reliability, which is vital for the tasks it needs to accomplish.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sp_f(float x) { return (x > 20.0f) ? x : log1pf(expf(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) { return x * tanhf(sp_f(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish2_bias(float x, float b) { float z=x+b; float a=mish_f(z); return mish_f(a); }\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_vec4(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n4) {\n long long i4 = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; i4 < n4; i4 += stride) {\n long long elem = i4 << 2;\n int col = (int)elem & 8191;\n float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem);\n float4 b = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(bias + col);\n v.x = mish2_bias(v.x, b.x);\n v.y = mish2_bias(v.y, b.y);\n v.z = mish2_bias(v.z, b.z);\n v.w = mish2_bias(v.w, b.w);\n *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem) = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_scalar(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (out_features == 8192) ? ((int)idx & 8191) : (int)(idx % out_features);\n y[idx] = mish2_bias(y[idx], bias[col]);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias) {\n auto y = torch::empty({x.size(0), weight.size(0)}, x.options());\n auto wt = weight.t();\n torch::mm_out(y, x, wt);\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n) {\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(1);\n if (out_features == 8192 && (n % 4 == 0)) {\n const int threads = 256; long long n4 = n >> 2;\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_vec4<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n4);\n } else {\n const int threads = 256; int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_scalar<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n }\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='linear_mish2_ext_vec4', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['linear_mish2'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super().__init__(); self.linear=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features)\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_mish2(x, self.linear.weight, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.41e-05 mean_abs_err=4.70e-07 max_rel_err=1.99e-05
turn 89.3s turn · 9.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Finalizing code submission** I need to submit the code, but maybe it's a good idea to run a static check first. I think that'll help ensure everything is working smoothly. I’m thinking that we have 22 tool calls, which seems reasonable, but we won't know about timing until we actually submit. So yes, it could be wise to perform that static check before moving forward. Let's make sure everything's in order!
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sp_f(float x) { return (x > 20.0f) ? x : log1pf(expf(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) { return x * tanhf(sp_f(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish2_bias(float x, float b) { float z=x+b; float a=mish_f(z); return mish_f(a); }\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_vec4(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n4) {\n long long i4 = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; i4 < n4; i4 += stride) {\n long long elem = i4 << 2;\n int col = (int)elem & 8191;\n float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem);\n float4 b = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(bias + col);\n v.x = mish2_bias(v.x, b.x);\n v.y = mish2_bias(v.y, b.y);\n v.z = mish2_bias(v.z, b.z);\n v.w = mish2_bias(v.w, b.w);\n *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem) = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_scalar(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (out_features == 8192) ? ((int)idx & 8191) : (int)(idx % out_features);\n y[idx] = mish2_bias(y[idx], bias[col]);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias) {\n auto y = torch::empty({x.size(0), weight.size(0)}, x.options());\n auto wt = weight.t();\n torch::mm_out(y, x, wt);\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n) {\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(1);\n if (out_features == 8192 && (n % 4 == 0)) {\n const int threads = 256; long long n4 = n >> 2;\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_vec4<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n4);\n } else {\n const int threads = 256; int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_scalar<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n }\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='linear_mish2_ext_vec4_final', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['linear_mish2'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super().__init__(); self.linear=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features)\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_mish2(x, self.linear.weight, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 96.9s turn · 6.9s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sp_f(float x) { return (x > 20.0f) ? x : log1pf(expf(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) { return x * tanhf(sp_f(x)); }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish2_bias(float x, float b) { float z=x+b; float a=mish_f(z); return mish_f(a); }\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_vec4(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n4) {\n long long i4 = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; i4 < n4; i4 += stride) {\n long long elem = i4 << 2;\n int col = (int)elem & 8191;\n float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem);\n float4 b = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(bias + col);\n v.x = mish2_bias(v.x, b.x);\n v.y = mish2_bias(v.y, b.y);\n v.z = mish2_bias(v.z, b.z);\n v.w = mish2_bias(v.w, b.w);\n *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem) = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_scalar(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {\n int col = (out_features == 8192) ? ((int)idx & 8191) : (int)(idx % out_features);\n y[idx] = mish2_bias(y[idx], bias[col]);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias) {\n auto y = torch::empty({x.size(0), weight.size(0)}, x.options());\n auto wt = weight.t();\n torch::mm_out(y, x, wt);\n const long long n = y.numel();\n if (n) {\n const int out_features = (int)y.size(1);\n if (out_features == 8192 && (n % 4 == 0)) {\n const int threads = 256; long long n4 = n >> 2;\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_vec4<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n4);\n } else {\n const int threads = 256; int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n fused_bias_mish2_scalar<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);\n }\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='linear_mish2_ext_vec4_final', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['linear_mish2'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):\n super().__init__(); self.linear=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features)\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_mish2(x, self.linear.weight, self.linear.bias)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.41e-05 mean_abs_err=4.70e-07 max_rel_err=1.99e-05 SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (70 lines, 3,281 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias);
'''
_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>

__device__ __forceinline__ float sp_f(float x) { return (x > 20.0f) ? x : log1pf(expf(x)); }
__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_f(float x) { return x * tanhf(sp_f(x)); }
__device__ __forceinline__ float mish2_bias(float x, float b) { float z=x+b; float a=mish_f(z); return mish_f(a); }

__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_vec4(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n4) {
    long long i4 = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (; i4 < n4; i4 += stride) {
        long long elem = i4 << 2;
        int col = (int)elem & 8191;
        float4 v = *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem);
        float4 b = *reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(bias + col);
        v.x = mish2_bias(v.x, b.x);
        v.y = mish2_bias(v.y, b.y);
        v.z = mish2_bias(v.z, b.z);
        v.w = mish2_bias(v.w, b.w);
        *reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + elem) = v;
    }
}

__global__ void fused_bias_mish2_scalar(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, long long n, int out_features) {
    long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (; idx < n; idx += stride) {
        int col = (out_features == 8192) ? ((int)idx & 8191) : (int)(idx % out_features);
        y[idx] = mish2_bias(y[idx], bias[col]);
    }
}

torch::Tensor linear_mish2(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias) {
    auto y = torch::empty({x.size(0), weight.size(0)}, x.options());
    auto wt = weight.t();
    torch::mm_out(y, x, wt);
    const long long n = y.numel();
    if (n) {
        const int out_features = (int)y.size(1);
        if (out_features == 8192 && (n % 4 == 0)) {
            const int threads = 256; long long n4 = n >> 2;
            int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;
            fused_bias_mish2_vec4<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n4);
        } else {
            const int threads = 256; int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;
            fused_bias_mish2_scalar<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), n, out_features);
        }
        C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();
    }
    return y;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(name='linear_mish2_ext_vec4_final', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['linear_mish2'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_features, out_features):
        super().__init__(); self.linear=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features)
    def forward(self,x):
        return _ext.linear_mish2(x, self.linear.weight, self.linear.bias)