correct
28_BMM_InstanceNorm_Sum_ResidualAdd_Multiply.py
started
2026-05-02T04:40:21Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
2.74 / — / 0.02 μs
ref mean / median / std
2.81 / — / 0.01 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
4.43x
energyNVML (pynvml)
ratio (ref / kernel)
0.50x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
2462.65 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Model that performs a batch matrix multiplication, instance normalization, summation, residual addition, and multiplication.
"""
def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)
self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)
def forward(self, x, y):
"""
Args:
x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of shape (batch_size, in_features).
y (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of shape (batch_size, out_features).
Returns:
torch.Tensor: Output tensor of shape (batch_size, out_features).
"""
x = self.bmm(x)
x = self.instance_norm(x.unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(1)).squeeze(1).squeeze(1)
x = x + y
x = x * y
return x
batch_size = 1024 # Increased batch size
in_features = 8192 # Increased input features
out_features = 8192 # Increased output features
def get_inputs():
return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_features), torch.rand(batch_size, out_features)]
def get_init_inputs():
return [in_features, out_features]turn 019.6s turn · 19.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs
{}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs
GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3:
total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB
spec entry: H100
GPU Architecture: Hopper
GPU Memory: 80GB
Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s
FP64 TFLOPS: 34
FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67
FP32 TFLOPS: 67
TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity
BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity
INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity
Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM
Maximum number of registers per thread: 255
Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32
Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB
Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 63.3s turn · 63.3s LLM · 8,449 chars (click to expand)
turn 163.3s turn · 63.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Calculating sums in float**
I'm thinking about how to calculate the sum and sum of squares in floating-point representation. There’s a mention of a reduction of 8192 in a deterministic tree, which feels like it might refer to some kind of optimization or efficiency improvement. It's important to keep accuracy in mind with floating-point calculations, especially when it involves larger sums. Let’s ensure that the methods I’m using are precise while being efficient.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/Functions.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,\n const float* __restrict__ y,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int O, float eps) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n if (row >= B) return;\n const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;\n const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;\n float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n float ss = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = zr[i];\n s += v;\n ss += v * v;\n }\n float sum = block_reduce_sum(s);\n float sumsq = block_reduce_sum(ss);\n __shared__ float sh_mean;\n __shared__ float sh_inv;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float mean = sum / (float)O;\n float var = sumsq / (float)O - mean * mean;\n if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;\n sh_mean = mean;\n sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float mean = sh_mean;\n float inv = sh_inv;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float yy = yr[i];\n float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;\n orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {\n // Linear is delegated to ATen/cuBLAS; the expensive normalization/residual chain is fused below.\n torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(y);\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int O = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n norm_residual_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)\n self.eps = eps\n\n def forward(self, x, y):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel
compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError.
RuntimeError: Error building extension 'fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_c49f7704bf84/fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o
[2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_c49f7704bf84/fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o
FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o
/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_c49f7704bf84/fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o
nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used
/scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_c49f7704bf84/fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1/cuda.cu(76): error: namespace "at::cuda" has no member "getCurrentCUDAStream"
norm_residual_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(
^
1 error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_c49f7704bf84/fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v1/cuda.cu".
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 28.4s turn · 8.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/Functions.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,\n const float* __restrict__ y,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int O, float eps) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;\n const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;\n float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n float ss = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = zr[i];\n s += v;\n ss += v * v;\n }\n float sum = block_reduce_sum(s);\n float sumsq = block_reduce_sum(ss);\n __shared__ float sh_mean;\n __shared__ float sh_inv;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float mean = sum / (float)O;\n float var = sumsq / (float)O - mean * mean;\n if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;\n sh_mean = mean;\n sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float mean = sh_mean;\n float inv = sh_inv;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float yy = yr[i];\n float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;\n orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {\n torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(y);\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int O = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n norm_residual_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v2',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)\n self.eps = eps\n\n def forward(self, x, y):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 35.8s turn · 5.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/Functions.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,\n const float* __restrict__ y,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int O, float eps) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;\n const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;\n float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n float ss = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = zr[i];\n s += v;\n ss += v * v;\n }\n float sum = block_reduce_sum(s);\n float sumsq = block_reduce_sum(ss);\n __shared__ float sh_mean;\n __shared__ float sh_inv;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float mean = sum / (float)O;\n float var = sumsq / (float)O - mean * mean;\n if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;\n sh_mean = mean;\n sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float mean = sh_mean;\n float inv = sh_inv;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float yy = yr[i];\n float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;\n orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {\n torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(y);\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int O = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n norm_residual_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v2c',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)\n self.eps = eps\n\n def forward(self, x, y):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=9.54e-07 mean_abs_err=1.50e-08 max_rel_err=1.68e-01
turn 414.4s turn · 14.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/Functions.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,\n const float* __restrict__ y,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int O, float eps) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;\n const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;\n float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n float ss = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = zr[i];\n s += v;\n ss += v * v;\n }\n float sum = block_reduce_sum(s);\n float sumsq = block_reduce_sum(ss);\n __shared__ float sh_mean;\n __shared__ float sh_inv;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float mean = sum / (float)O;\n float var = sumsq / (float)O - mean * mean;\n if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;\n sh_mean = mean;\n sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float mean = sh_mean;\n float inv = sh_inv;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float yy = yr[i];\n float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;\n orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {\n torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(y);\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int O = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n norm_residual_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v2s',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)\n self.eps = eps\n\n def forward(self, x, y):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))\n"
}
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check
static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 521.3s turn · 21.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating warp reduction**
I'm trying to understand how all threads return with sum or sum square for warp0, possibly focusing on thread0. After the final warp reduction, I'm thinking all lanes might have their partial values. When using shuffle down, it seems the reduced value is only fully present in lane0, but thread0 is the one that utilizes it. I need to clarify how this all integrates.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/Functions.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ void warp_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n a += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset);\n b += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, b, offset);\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ void block_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {\n static __shared__ float shared_a[32];\n static __shared__ float shared_b[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n warp_reduce_pair(a, b);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared_a[wid] = a;\n shared_b[wid] = b;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n a = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_a[lane] : 0.0f;\n b = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_b[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) warp_reduce_pair(a, b);\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,\n const float* __restrict__ y,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int O, float eps) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;\n const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;\n float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n float ss = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = zr[i];\n s += v;\n ss += v * v;\n }\n block_reduce_pair(s, ss);\n __shared__ float sh_mean;\n __shared__ float sh_inv;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float mean = s / (float)O;\n float var = ss / (float)O - mean * mean;\n if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;\n sh_mean = mean;\n sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float mean = sh_mean;\n float inv = sh_inv;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float yy = yr[i];\n float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;\n orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {\n torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(y);\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int O = (int)y.size(1);\n norm_residual_kernel<<<B, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_v3c',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)\n self.eps = eps\n\n def forward(self, x, y):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=9.54e-07 mean_abs_err=1.50e-08 max_rel_err=1.68e-01
turn 67.4s turn · 7.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/Functions.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ void warp_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n a += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset);\n b += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, b, offset);\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ void block_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {\n static __shared__ float shared_a[32];\n static __shared__ float shared_b[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n warp_reduce_pair(a, b);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared_a[wid] = a;\n shared_b[wid] = b;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n a = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_a[lane] : 0.0f;\n b = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_b[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) warp_reduce_pair(a, b);\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,\n const float* __restrict__ y,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int O, float eps) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;\n const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;\n float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n float ss = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = zr[i];\n s += v;\n ss += v * v;\n }\n block_reduce_pair(s, ss);\n __shared__ float sh_mean;\n __shared__ float sh_inv;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float mean = s / (float)O;\n float var = ss / (float)O - mean * mean;\n if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;\n sh_mean = mean;\n sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float mean = sh_mean;\n float inv = sh_inv;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float yy = yr[i];\n float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;\n orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {\n torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(y);\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int O = (int)y.size(1);\n norm_residual_kernel<<<B, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_final_static',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)\n self.eps = eps\n\n def forward(self, x, y):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))\n"
}
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check
static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 77.5s turn · 7.5s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/Functions.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ void warp_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n a += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset);\n b += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, b, offset);\n }\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ void block_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {\n static __shared__ float shared_a[32];\n static __shared__ float shared_b[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n warp_reduce_pair(a, b);\n if (lane == 0) {\n shared_a[wid] = a;\n shared_b[wid] = b;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n a = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_a[lane] : 0.0f;\n b = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_b[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) warp_reduce_pair(a, b);\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,\n const float* __restrict__ y,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int O, float eps) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;\n const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;\n float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;\n\n float s = 0.0f;\n float ss = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = zr[i];\n s += v;\n ss += v * v;\n }\n block_reduce_pair(s, ss);\n __shared__ float sh_mean;\n __shared__ float sh_inv;\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float mean = s / (float)O;\n float var = ss / (float)O - mean * mean;\n if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;\n sh_mean = mean;\n sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n __syncthreads();\n float mean = sh_mean;\n float inv = sh_inv;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {\n float yy = yr[i];\n float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;\n orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {\n torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty_like(y);\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int O = (int)y.size(1);\n norm_residual_kernel<<<B, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_final',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)\n self.eps = eps\n\n def forward(self, x, y):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 2.74 μs
Runtime stats: mean=2.74μs median=?μs std=0.02μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=9.54e-07 mean_abs_err=1.50e-08 max_rel_err=1.68e-01
Memory: 673.06 MB peak (ref: 673.07 MB, ratio: 1.0x)
Kernel launches: 7 (ref: 31, fusion ratio: 4.4286)
Energy: 754.56 mJ/run (ref: 376.94 mJ, ratio: 0.4995x)
SOL score: 0.8549
final submitted kernel (107 lines, 3,554 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps);
'''
_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/ATen.h>
#include <ATen/Functions.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
__inline__ __device__ void warp_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {
#pragma unroll
for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
a += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset);
b += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, b, offset);
}
}
__inline__ __device__ void block_reduce_pair(float &a, float &b) {
static __shared__ float shared_a[32];
static __shared__ float shared_b[32];
int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
warp_reduce_pair(a, b);
if (lane == 0) {
shared_a[wid] = a;
shared_b[wid] = b;
}
__syncthreads();
a = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_a[lane] : 0.0f;
b = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared_b[lane] : 0.0f;
if (wid == 0) warp_reduce_pair(a, b);
}
__global__ void norm_residual_kernel(const float* __restrict__ z,
const float* __restrict__ y,
float* __restrict__ out,
int B, int O, float eps) {
int row = blockIdx.x;
const float* zr = z + (long long)row * O;
const float* yr = y + (long long)row * O;
float* orow = out + (long long)row * O;
float s = 0.0f;
float ss = 0.0f;
for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {
float v = zr[i];
s += v;
ss += v * v;
}
block_reduce_pair(s, ss);
__shared__ float sh_mean;
__shared__ float sh_inv;
if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
float mean = s / (float)O;
float var = ss / (float)O - mean * mean;
if (var < 0.0f) var = 0.0f;
sh_mean = mean;
sh_inv = rsqrtf(var + eps);
}
__syncthreads();
float mean = sh_mean;
float inv = sh_inv;
for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < O; i += blockDim.x) {
float yy = yr[i];
float n = (zr[i] - mean) * inv;
orow[i] = (n + yy) * yy;
}
}
torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double eps) {
torch::Tensor z = at::linear(x, weight, bias);
auto out = torch::empty_like(y);
int B = (int)y.size(0);
int O = (int)y.size(1);
norm_residual_kernel<<<B, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(
z.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, O, (float)eps);
return out;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(name='fused_linear_instancenorm_ext_final',
cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
functions=['fused_forward'],
extra_cflags=['-O3'],
extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],
verbose=False)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.bmm = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)
self.instance_norm = nn.InstanceNorm2d(out_features, eps=eps, momentum=momentum)
self.eps = eps
def forward(self, x, y):
return _ext.fused_forward(x, y, self.bmm.weight, self.bmm.bias, float(self.eps))