gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_default_gpt
correct 100_HingeLoss.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
9 / 10
tool calls
9
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
1.53 μs
ref runtime
10.60 μs
speedup
6.93x
started
2026-05-02T17:57:56Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
1.53 μs
ref runtime
10.60 μs
speedup
6.93x
kernel mean / median / std
1.53 / — / 0.00 μs
ref mean / median / std
10.60 / — / 0.08 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
5.96e-08
mean abs error
3.58e-08
max rel error
5.99e-08
mean rel error
3.58e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
4129.25 MB
ref peak
12321.12 MB
kernel / ref
0.34x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
2
ref launches
8
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
4.00x
total cuda time
41 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
242.12
ref mJ / run
1209.94
ratio (ref / kernel)
5.00x
avg power
169.37 W
ref avg power
114.84 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.930
dram util %
93.0%
compute util %
6.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
3114.97 GB/s
dram util %
93.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
74.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
6.3%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
88.3%
ld sectors / req
20.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
58
smem / block
2688 B
block size
512
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
16536.1%
short_scoreboard
31.5%
mio_throttle
0.8%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    A model that computes Hinge Loss for binary classification tasks.

    Parameters:
        None
    """
    def __init__(self):
        super(Model, self).__init__()

    def forward(self, predictions, targets):
        return torch.mean(torch.clamp(1 - predictions * targets, min=0))

batch_size = 32768
input_shape = (32768,)
dim = 1

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, *input_shape), torch.randint(0, 2, (batch_size,)).float() * 2 - 1]

def get_init_inputs():
    return []
turn 09.5s turn · 9.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 32.8s turn · 32.8s LLM · 9,036 chars (click to expand)
turn 132.8s turn · 32.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#ifndef CHECK_CUDA\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#endif\n#ifndef CHECK_FLOAT\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\n#endif\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void hinge_rows_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,\n const float* __restrict__ target,\n float* __restrict__ partial,\n long long rows, int cols4) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float4* __restrict__ p4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + r * ((long long)cols4 * 4));\n const float4* __restrict__ t4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int c = threadIdx.x; c < cols4; c += blockDim.x) {\n float4 pv = p4[c];\n float4 tv = t4[c];\n float a = 1.0f - pv.x * tv.x;\n float b = 1.0f - pv.y * tv.y;\n float d = 1.0f - pv.z * tv.z;\n float e = 1.0f - pv.w * tv.w;\n sum += fmaxf(a, 0.0f) + fmaxf(b, 0.0f) + fmaxf(d, 0.0f) + fmaxf(e, 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,\n const float* __restrict__ target,\n float* __restrict__ partial,\n long long rows, long long cols) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float* row = pred + r * cols;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long c = threadIdx.x; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n float v = 1.0f - row[c] * target[c];\n sum += fmaxf(v, 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n long long rows, float inv_total) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < rows; i += blockDim.x) {\n sum += partial[i];\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) out[0] = sum * inv_total;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets) {\n CHECK_CUDA(predictions);\n CHECK_CUDA(targets);\n CHECK_FLOAT(predictions);\n CHECK_FLOAT(targets);\n TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(), \"predictions must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(), \"targets must be contiguous\");\n long long total = predictions.numel();\n long long cols = targets.numel();\n TORCH_CHECK(cols > 0 && total % cols == 0, \"invalid shapes\");\n long long rows = total / cols;\n auto partial = torch::empty({rows}, predictions.options());\n auto out = torch::empty({}, predictions.options());\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if ((cols % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0)) {\n int cols4 = (int)(cols / 4);\n hinge_rows_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, cols4);\n } else {\n hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, cols);\n }\n final_reduce_kernel<<<1, threads, 0, stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, 1.0f / (float)total);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_v1', cpp_sources='', cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, predictions, targets):\n return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions, targets)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'hinge_loss_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hinge_loss_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_239b904f95bd/hinge_loss_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o FAILED: [code=1] main.o /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hinge_loss_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_239b904f95bd/hinge_loss_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_239b904f95bd/hinge_loss_ext_v1/main.cpp: In function 'void pybind11_init_hinge_loss_ext_v1(pybind11::module_&)': /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_239b904f95bd/hinge_loss_ext_v1/main.cpp:4:52: error: 'hinge_forward' was not declared in this scope 4 | m.def("hinge_forward", torch::wrap_pybind_function(hinge_forward), "hinge_forward"); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hinge_loss_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_239b904f95bd/hinge_loss_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 9.4s turn · 9.4s LLM · 6,077 chars (click to expand)
turn 29.4s turn · 9.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Declaring cpp_sources** I need to make sure I have the cpp_sources declaration. I’m wondering if the load_inline function can only be seen by the main function when it’s in cpp_sources? I think I should add the declaration for the hinge_forward function, which is: `torch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor, torch::Tensor);` in cpp_sources. Let's clarify if this solves the visibility issue I’m considering!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n return val;\n}\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n__global__ void hinge_rows_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred, const float* __restrict__ target, float* __restrict__ partial, long long rows, int cols4) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float4* __restrict__ p4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + r * ((long long)cols4 * 4));\n const float4* __restrict__ t4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int c = threadIdx.x; c < cols4; c += blockDim.x) {\n float4 pv = p4[c];\n float4 tv = t4[c];\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f);\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f);\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f);\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred, const float* __restrict__ target, float* __restrict__ partial, long long rows, long long cols) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float* row = pred + r * cols;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long c = threadIdx.x; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - row[c] * target[c], 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial, float* __restrict__ out, long long rows, float inv_total) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < rows; i += blockDim.x) sum += partial[i];\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) out[0] = sum * inv_total;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets) {\n CHECK_CUDA(predictions); CHECK_CUDA(targets); CHECK_FLOAT(predictions); CHECK_FLOAT(targets);\n TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(), \"predictions must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(), \"targets must be contiguous\");\n long long total = predictions.numel();\n long long cols = targets.numel();\n TORCH_CHECK(cols > 0 && total % cols == 0, \"invalid shapes\");\n long long rows = total / cols;\n auto partial = torch::empty({rows}, predictions.options());\n auto out = torch::empty({}, predictions.options());\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if ((cols % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0)) {\n hinge_rows_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, (int)(cols/4));\n } else {\n hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, cols);\n }\n final_reduce_kernel<<<1, threads, 0, stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, 1.0f / (float)total);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, predictions, targets):\n return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions, targets)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 39.1s turn · 9.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n return val;\n}\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n__global__ void hinge_rows_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred, const float* __restrict__ target, float* __restrict__ partial, long long rows, int cols4) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float4* __restrict__ p4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + r * ((long long)cols4 * 4));\n const float4* __restrict__ t4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int c = threadIdx.x; c < cols4; c += blockDim.x) {\n float4 pv = p4[c];\n float4 tv = t4[c];\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f);\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f);\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f);\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred, const float* __restrict__ target, float* __restrict__ partial, long long rows, long long cols) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float* row = pred + r * cols;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long c = threadIdx.x; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - row[c] * target[c], 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial, float* __restrict__ out, long long rows, float inv_total) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < rows; i += blockDim.x) sum += partial[i];\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) out[0] = sum * inv_total;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets) {\n CHECK_CUDA(predictions); CHECK_CUDA(targets); CHECK_FLOAT(predictions); CHECK_FLOAT(targets);\n TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(), \"predictions must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(), \"targets must be contiguous\");\n long long total = predictions.numel();\n long long cols = targets.numel();\n TORCH_CHECK(cols > 0 && total % cols == 0, \"invalid shapes\");\n long long rows = total / cols;\n auto partial = torch::empty({rows}, predictions.options());\n auto out = torch::empty({}, predictions.options());\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if ((cols % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0)) {\n hinge_rows_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, (int)(cols/4));\n } else {\n hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, cols);\n }\n final_reduce_kernel<<<1, threads, 0, stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, 1.0f / (float)total);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, predictions, targets):\n return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions, targets)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=3.58e-08 max_rel_err=5.99e-08
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 33.2s turn · 33.2s LLM · 10,868 chars (click to expand)
turn 433.2s turn · 33.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Analyzing prediction risks** I’m looking at the risk involved when tests rely on arbitrary predictions. The problem states that I need to create an fp32 equivalent and often use specified inputs, typically running about five trials. We've passed using a clamp. I wonder if I could special-case for targets around ±1 and predictions between [0,1], but I don’t detect the predictions well. Simplifying might increase speed, though I still need to stay within a certain tolerance level. There are complexities with sums and potential errors that could occur, especially if targets are balanced. I need to keep testing this! **Optimizing computations** I’m considering whether I can use target values around ±1 to simplify calculations and avoid multiplication. If the target is negative, the sum becomes -p, which might speed things up. I think about loading target values and then using a dot product with the target vector for each row, similar to a matrix-vector sum. Using vectorized float4 with 256 threads might work well. On H100, I could read 4GB and access the target in about 1.5ms, plus overhead. I need to choose the right thread setup!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val){#pragma unroll for(int o=16;o>0;o>>=1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,val,o); return val;}\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val){static __shared__ float sh[32]; int lane=threadIdx.x&31; int wid=threadIdx.x>>5; val=warp_reduce_sum(val); if(lane==0) sh[wid]=val; __syncthreads(); val=(threadIdx.x<(blockDim.x>>5))?sh[lane]:0.0f; if(wid==0) val=warp_reduce_sum(val); __syncthreads(); return val;}\n__global__ void hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,const float* __restrict__ target,float* __restrict__ partial,long long rows,int cols4){\n long long base=((long long)blockIdx.x)*4; long long cols=((long long)cols4)*4;\n const float4* __restrict__ t4=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n float s0=0.f,s1=0.f,s2=0.f,s3=0.f;\n bool b1=base+1<rows,b2=base+2<rows,b3=base+3<rows;\n const float4* p0=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+base*cols);\n const float4* p1=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+1)*cols);\n const float4* p2=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+2)*cols);\n const float4* p3=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+3)*cols);\n for(int c=threadIdx.x;c<cols4;c+=blockDim.x){\n float4 tv=t4[c];\n float4 pv=p0[c];\n s0 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f);\n if(b1){ pv=p1[c]; s1 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n if(b2){ pv=p2[c]; s2 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n if(b3){ pv=p3[c]; s3 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n }\n s0=block_reduce_sum(s0); s1=block_reduce_sum(s1); s2=block_reduce_sum(s2); s3=block_reduce_sum(s3);\n if(threadIdx.x==0){partial[base]=s0; if(b1) partial[base+1]=s1; if(b2) partial[base+2]=s2; if(b3) partial[base+3]=s3;}\n}\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,const float* __restrict__ target,float* __restrict__ partial,long long rows,long long cols){long long r=blockIdx.x; if(r>=rows)return; const float* row=pred+r*cols; float s=0.f; for(long long c=threadIdx.x;c<cols;c+=blockDim.x) s+=fmaxf(1.f-row[c]*target[c],0.f); s=block_reduce_sum(s); if(threadIdx.x==0) partial[r]=s;}\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial,float* __restrict__ out,long long rows,float inv_total){float s=0.f; for(long long i=threadIdx.x;i<rows;i+=blockDim.x) s+=partial[i]; s=block_reduce_sum(s); if(threadIdx.x==0) out[0]=s*inv_total;}\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets){CHECK_CUDA(predictions);CHECK_CUDA(targets);CHECK_FLOAT(predictions);CHECK_FLOAT(targets);TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(),\"predictions must be contiguous\");TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(),\"targets must be contiguous\"); long long total=predictions.numel(); long long cols=targets.numel(); TORCH_CHECK(cols>0 && total%cols==0,\"invalid shapes\"); long long rows=total/cols; auto partial=torch::empty({rows},predictions.options()); auto out=torch::empty({},predictions.options()); const int threads=256; cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); if((cols%4==0)&&(((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>()&15)==0)&&(((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>()&15)==0)){hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)((rows+3)/4),threads,0,stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(),targets.data_ptr<float>(),partial.data_ptr<float>(),rows,(int)(cols/4));}else{hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows,threads,0,stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(),targets.data_ptr<float>(),partial.data_ptr<float>(),rows,cols);} final_reduce_kernel<<<1,threads,0,stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),rows,1.0f/(float)total); return out;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_v3', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self): super(ModelNew,self).__init__()\n def forward(self,predictions,targets): return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions,targets)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'hinge_loss_ext_v3': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hinge_loss_ext_v3 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_bca3d4d7cc5e/hinge_loss_ext_v3/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hinge_loss_ext_v3 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_bca3d4d7cc5e/hinge_loss_ext_v3/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hinge_loss_ext_v3 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /home/prabhune/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.10-linux-x86_64-gnu/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_bca3d4d7cc5e/hinge_loss_ext_v3/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_bca3d4d7cc5e/hinge_loss_ext_v3/cuda.cu(11): error: "#" not expected here float warp_reduce_sum(float val){#pragma unroll for(int o=16;o>0;o>>=1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,val,o); return val;} ^ /scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_bca3d4d7cc5e/hinge_loss_ext_v3/cuda.cu(11): error: expected an expression float warp_reduce_sum(float val){#pragma unroll for(int o=16;o>0;o>>=1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,val,o); return val;} ^ 2 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/tejas/PopcornBench/runs/l12_default/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_100_cache/k_bca3d4d7cc5e/hinge_loss_ext_v3/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 59.7s turn · 9.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val){\n#pragma unroll\n for(int o=16;o>0;o>>=1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,val,o);\n return val;\n}\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val){static __shared__ float sh[32]; int lane=threadIdx.x&31; int wid=threadIdx.x>>5; val=warp_reduce_sum(val); if(lane==0) sh[wid]=val; __syncthreads(); val=(threadIdx.x<(blockDim.x>>5))?sh[lane]:0.0f; if(wid==0) val=warp_reduce_sum(val); __syncthreads(); return val;}\n__global__ void hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,const float* __restrict__ target,float* __restrict__ partial,long long rows,int cols4){\n long long base=((long long)blockIdx.x)*4; long long cols=((long long)cols4)*4;\n const float4* __restrict__ t4=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n float s0=0.f,s1=0.f,s2=0.f,s3=0.f;\n bool b1=base+1<rows,b2=base+2<rows,b3=base+3<rows;\n const float4* p0=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+base*cols);\n const float4* p1=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+1)*cols);\n const float4* p2=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+2)*cols);\n const float4* p3=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+3)*cols);\n for(int c=threadIdx.x;c<cols4;c+=blockDim.x){\n float4 tv=t4[c];\n float4 pv=p0[c];\n s0 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f);\n if(b1){ pv=p1[c]; s1 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n if(b2){ pv=p2[c]; s2 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n if(b3){ pv=p3[c]; s3 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n }\n s0=block_reduce_sum(s0); s1=block_reduce_sum(s1); s2=block_reduce_sum(s2); s3=block_reduce_sum(s3);\n if(threadIdx.x==0){partial[base]=s0; if(b1) partial[base+1]=s1; if(b2) partial[base+2]=s2; if(b3) partial[base+3]=s3;}\n}\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,const float* __restrict__ target,float* __restrict__ partial,long long rows,long long cols){long long r=blockIdx.x; if(r>=rows)return; const float* row=pred+r*cols; float s=0.f; for(long long c=threadIdx.x;c<cols;c+=blockDim.x) s+=fmaxf(1.f-row[c]*target[c],0.f); s=block_reduce_sum(s); if(threadIdx.x==0) partial[r]=s;}\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial,float* __restrict__ out,long long rows,float inv_total){float s=0.f; for(long long i=threadIdx.x;i<rows;i+=blockDim.x) s+=partial[i]; s=block_reduce_sum(s); if(threadIdx.x==0) out[0]=s*inv_total;}\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets){CHECK_CUDA(predictions);CHECK_CUDA(targets);CHECK_FLOAT(predictions);CHECK_FLOAT(targets);TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(),\"predictions must be contiguous\");TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(),\"targets must be contiguous\"); long long total=predictions.numel(); long long cols=targets.numel(); TORCH_CHECK(cols>0 && total%cols==0,\"invalid shapes\"); long long rows=total/cols; auto partial=torch::empty({rows},predictions.options()); auto out=torch::empty({},predictions.options()); const int threads=256; cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); if((cols%4==0)&&(((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>()&15)==0)&&(((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>()&15)==0)){hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)((rows+3)/4),threads,0,stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(),targets.data_ptr<float>(),partial.data_ptr<float>(),rows,(int)(cols/4));}else{hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows,threads,0,stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(),targets.data_ptr<float>(),partial.data_ptr<float>(),rows,cols);} final_reduce_kernel<<<1,threads,0,stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),rows,1.0f/(float)total); return out;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_v3b', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self): super(ModelNew,self).__init__()\n def forward(self,predictions,targets): return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions,targets)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 69.2s turn · 9.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val){\n#pragma unroll\n for(int o=16;o>0;o>>=1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,val,o);\n return val;\n}\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val){static __shared__ float sh[32]; int lane=threadIdx.x&31; int wid=threadIdx.x>>5; val=warp_reduce_sum(val); if(lane==0) sh[wid]=val; __syncthreads(); val=(threadIdx.x<(blockDim.x>>5))?sh[lane]:0.0f; if(wid==0) val=warp_reduce_sum(val); __syncthreads(); return val;}\n__global__ void hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,const float* __restrict__ target,float* __restrict__ partial,long long rows,int cols4){\n long long base=((long long)blockIdx.x)*4; long long cols=((long long)cols4)*4;\n const float4* __restrict__ t4=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n float s0=0.f,s1=0.f,s2=0.f,s3=0.f;\n bool b1=base+1<rows,b2=base+2<rows,b3=base+3<rows;\n const float4* p0=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+base*cols);\n const float4* p1=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+1)*cols);\n const float4* p2=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+2)*cols);\n const float4* p3=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred+(base+3)*cols);\n for(int c=threadIdx.x;c<cols4;c+=blockDim.x){\n float4 tv=t4[c];\n float4 pv=p0[c];\n s0 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f);\n if(b1){ pv=p1[c]; s1 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n if(b2){ pv=p2[c]; s2 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n if(b3){ pv=p3[c]; s3 += fmaxf(1.f-pv.x*tv.x,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.y*tv.y,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.z*tv.z,0.f)+fmaxf(1.f-pv.w*tv.w,0.f); }\n }\n s0=block_reduce_sum(s0); s1=block_reduce_sum(s1); s2=block_reduce_sum(s2); s3=block_reduce_sum(s3);\n if(threadIdx.x==0){partial[base]=s0; if(b1) partial[base+1]=s1; if(b2) partial[base+2]=s2; if(b3) partial[base+3]=s3;}\n}\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,const float* __restrict__ target,float* __restrict__ partial,long long rows,long long cols){long long r=blockIdx.x; if(r>=rows)return; const float* row=pred+r*cols; float s=0.f; for(long long c=threadIdx.x;c<cols;c+=blockDim.x) s+=fmaxf(1.f-row[c]*target[c],0.f); s=block_reduce_sum(s); if(threadIdx.x==0) partial[r]=s;}\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial,float* __restrict__ out,long long rows,float inv_total){float s=0.f; for(long long i=threadIdx.x;i<rows;i+=blockDim.x) s+=partial[i]; s=block_reduce_sum(s); if(threadIdx.x==0) out[0]=s*inv_total;}\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets){CHECK_CUDA(predictions);CHECK_CUDA(targets);CHECK_FLOAT(predictions);CHECK_FLOAT(targets);TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(),\"predictions must be contiguous\");TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(),\"targets must be contiguous\"); long long total=predictions.numel(); long long cols=targets.numel(); TORCH_CHECK(cols>0 && total%cols==0,\"invalid shapes\"); long long rows=total/cols; auto partial=torch::empty({rows},predictions.options()); auto out=torch::empty({},predictions.options()); const int threads=256; cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); if((cols%4==0)&&(((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>()&15)==0)&&(((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>()&15)==0)){hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)((rows+3)/4),threads,0,stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(),targets.data_ptr<float>(),partial.data_ptr<float>(),rows,(int)(cols/4));}else{hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows,threads,0,stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(),targets.data_ptr<float>(),partial.data_ptr<float>(),rows,cols);} final_reduce_kernel<<<1,threads,0,stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),rows,1.0f/(float)total); return out;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_v3b', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self): super(ModelNew,self).__init__()\n def forward(self,predictions,targets): return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions,targets)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=3.58e-08 max_rel_err=5.99e-08
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 26.8s turn · 26.8s LLM · 8,197 chars (click to expand)
turn 726.8s turn · 26.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Ensuring unique file name** I need to finalize the file and consider using a unique extension name to avoid any confusion. If I run the same process multiple times, I might run into name collisions, which wouldn't be ideal. It seems like having a unique name, such as 'hinge_loss_ext_final,' would help prevent that issue. I should also do a static check to ensure everything is in order before I proceed.
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,\n const float* __restrict__ target,\n float* __restrict__ partial,\n long long rows, int cols4) {\n long long base = ((long long)blockIdx.x) * 4;\n long long cols = ((long long)cols4) * 4;\n const float4* __restrict__ t4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n const float4* __restrict__ p0 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 0) * cols);\n const float4* __restrict__ p1 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 1) * cols);\n const float4* __restrict__ p2 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 2) * cols);\n const float4* __restrict__ p3 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 3) * cols);\n bool b1 = base + 1 < rows, b2 = base + 2 < rows, b3 = base + 3 < rows;\n float s0 = 0.0f, s1 = 0.0f, s2 = 0.0f, s3 = 0.0f;\n for (int c = threadIdx.x; c < cols4; c += blockDim.x) {\n float4 tv = t4[c];\n float4 pv = p0[c];\n s0 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) +\n fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f);\n if (b1) { pv = p1[c]; s1 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }\n if (b2) { pv = p2[c]; s2 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }\n if (b3) { pv = p3[c]; s3 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }\n }\n\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n s0 = warp_reduce_sum(s0); s1 = warp_reduce_sum(s1); s2 = warp_reduce_sum(s2); s3 = warp_reduce_sum(s3);\n __shared__ float sh[4][32];\n if (lane == 0) { sh[0][wid] = s0; sh[1][wid] = s1; sh[2][wid] = s2; sh[3][wid] = s3; }\n __syncthreads();\n if (wid == 0) {\n int nw = blockDim.x >> 5;\n s0 = (lane < nw) ? sh[0][lane] : 0.0f;\n s1 = (lane < nw) ? sh[1][lane] : 0.0f;\n s2 = (lane < nw) ? sh[2][lane] : 0.0f;\n s3 = (lane < nw) ? sh[3][lane] : 0.0f;\n s0 = warp_reduce_sum(s0); s1 = warp_reduce_sum(s1); s2 = warp_reduce_sum(s2); s3 = warp_reduce_sum(s3);\n }\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n partial[base] = s0;\n if (b1) partial[base + 1] = s1;\n if (b2) partial[base + 2] = s2;\n if (b3) partial[base + 3] = s3;\n }\n}\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,\n const float* __restrict__ target,\n float* __restrict__ partial,\n long long rows, long long cols) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float* row = pred + r * cols;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long c = threadIdx.x; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - row[c] * target[c], 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n long long rows, float inv_total) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < rows; i += blockDim.x) sum += partial[i];\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) out[0] = sum * inv_total;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets) {\n CHECK_CUDA(predictions); CHECK_CUDA(targets); CHECK_FLOAT(predictions); CHECK_FLOAT(targets);\n TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(), \"predictions must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(), \"targets must be contiguous\");\n long long total = predictions.numel();\n long long cols = targets.numel();\n TORCH_CHECK(cols > 0 && total % cols == 0, \"invalid shapes\");\n long long rows = total / cols;\n auto partial = torch::empty({rows}, predictions.options());\n auto out = torch::empty({}, predictions.options());\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if ((cols % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0)) {\n hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)((rows + 3) / 4), threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, (int)(cols / 4));\n } else {\n hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, cols);\n }\n final_reduce_kernel<<<1, threads, 0, stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, 1.0f / (float)total);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_final', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, predictions, targets):\n return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions, targets)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 8 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 17.7s turn · 17.7s LLM · 8,051 chars (click to expand)
turn 817.7s turn · 17.7s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x \" must be float32\")\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,\n const float* __restrict__ target,\n float* __restrict__ partial,\n long long rows, int cols4) {\n long long base = ((long long)blockIdx.x) * 4;\n long long cols = ((long long)cols4) * 4;\n const float4* __restrict__ t4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);\n const float4* __restrict__ p0 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 0) * cols);\n const float4* __restrict__ p1 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 1) * cols);\n const float4* __restrict__ p2 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 2) * cols);\n const float4* __restrict__ p3 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 3) * cols);\n bool b1 = base + 1 < rows, b2 = base + 2 < rows, b3 = base + 3 < rows;\n float s0 = 0.0f, s1 = 0.0f, s2 = 0.0f, s3 = 0.0f;\n for (int c = threadIdx.x; c < cols4; c += blockDim.x) {\n float4 tv = t4[c];\n float4 pv = p0[c];\n s0 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) +\n fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f);\n if (b1) { pv = p1[c]; s1 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }\n if (b2) { pv = p2[c]; s2 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }\n if (b3) { pv = p3[c]; s3 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }\n }\n\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n s0 = warp_reduce_sum(s0); s1 = warp_reduce_sum(s1); s2 = warp_reduce_sum(s2); s3 = warp_reduce_sum(s3);\n __shared__ float sh[4][32];\n if (lane == 0) { sh[0][wid] = s0; sh[1][wid] = s1; sh[2][wid] = s2; sh[3][wid] = s3; }\n __syncthreads();\n if (wid == 0) {\n int nw = blockDim.x >> 5;\n s0 = (lane < nw) ? sh[0][lane] : 0.0f;\n s1 = (lane < nw) ? sh[1][lane] : 0.0f;\n s2 = (lane < nw) ? sh[2][lane] : 0.0f;\n s3 = (lane < nw) ? sh[3][lane] : 0.0f;\n s0 = warp_reduce_sum(s0); s1 = warp_reduce_sum(s1); s2 = warp_reduce_sum(s2); s3 = warp_reduce_sum(s3);\n }\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n partial[base] = s0;\n if (b1) partial[base + 1] = s1;\n if (b2) partial[base + 2] = s2;\n if (b3) partial[base + 3] = s3;\n }\n}\n\nstatic __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,\n const float* __restrict__ target,\n float* __restrict__ partial,\n long long rows, long long cols) {\n long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;\n if (r >= rows) return;\n const float* row = pred + r * cols;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long c = threadIdx.x; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {\n sum += fmaxf(1.0f - row[c] * target[c], 0.0f);\n }\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;\n}\n\n__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n long long rows, float inv_total) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < rows; i += blockDim.x) sum += partial[i];\n sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) out[0] = sum * inv_total;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets) {\n CHECK_CUDA(predictions); CHECK_CUDA(targets); CHECK_FLOAT(predictions); CHECK_FLOAT(targets);\n TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(), \"predictions must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(), \"targets must be contiguous\");\n long long total = predictions.numel();\n long long cols = targets.numel();\n TORCH_CHECK(cols > 0 && total % cols == 0, \"invalid shapes\");\n long long rows = total / cols;\n auto partial = torch::empty({rows}, predictions.options());\n auto out = torch::empty({}, predictions.options());\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if ((cols % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0)) {\n hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)((rows + 3) / 4), threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, (int)(cols / 4));\n } else {\n hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, cols);\n }\n final_reduce_kernel<<<1, threads, 0, stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, 1.0f / (float)total);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_final', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, predictions, targets):\n return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions, targets)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 1.53 μs Runtime stats: mean=1.53μs median=?μs std=0.00μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=3.58e-08 max_rel_err=5.99e-08 Memory: 4129.25 MB peak (ref: 12321.12 MB, ratio: 0.3351x) Kernel launches: 2 (ref: 8, fusion ratio: 4.0) Energy: 242.12 mJ/run (ref: 1209.94 mJ, ratio: 4.9973x) SOL score: 0.9298
final submitted kernel (137 lines, 6,563 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets);
'''

_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x " must be a CUDA tensor")
#define CHECK_FLOAT(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, #x " must be float32")

static __inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {
#pragma unroll
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
        val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
    }
    return val;
}

__global__ void hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,
                                       const float* __restrict__ target,
                                       float* __restrict__ partial,
                                       long long rows, int cols4) {
    long long base = ((long long)blockIdx.x) * 4;
    long long cols = ((long long)cols4) * 4;
    const float4* __restrict__ t4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(target);
    const float4* __restrict__ p0 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 0) * cols);
    const float4* __restrict__ p1 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 1) * cols);
    const float4* __restrict__ p2 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 2) * cols);
    const float4* __restrict__ p3 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(pred + (base + 3) * cols);
    bool b1 = base + 1 < rows, b2 = base + 2 < rows, b3 = base + 3 < rows;
    float s0 = 0.0f, s1 = 0.0f, s2 = 0.0f, s3 = 0.0f;
    for (int c = threadIdx.x; c < cols4; c += blockDim.x) {
        float4 tv = t4[c];
        float4 pv = p0[c];
        s0 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) +
              fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f);
        if (b1) { pv = p1[c]; s1 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }
        if (b2) { pv = p2[c]; s2 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }
        if (b3) { pv = p3[c]; s3 += fmaxf(1.0f - pv.x * tv.x, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.y * tv.y, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.z * tv.z, 0.0f) + fmaxf(1.0f - pv.w * tv.w, 0.0f); }
    }

    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
    int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
    s0 = warp_reduce_sum(s0); s1 = warp_reduce_sum(s1); s2 = warp_reduce_sum(s2); s3 = warp_reduce_sum(s3);
    __shared__ float sh[4][32];
    if (lane == 0) { sh[0][wid] = s0; sh[1][wid] = s1; sh[2][wid] = s2; sh[3][wid] = s3; }
    __syncthreads();
    if (wid == 0) {
        int nw = blockDim.x >> 5;
        s0 = (lane < nw) ? sh[0][lane] : 0.0f;
        s1 = (lane < nw) ? sh[1][lane] : 0.0f;
        s2 = (lane < nw) ? sh[2][lane] : 0.0f;
        s3 = (lane < nw) ? sh[3][lane] : 0.0f;
        s0 = warp_reduce_sum(s0); s1 = warp_reduce_sum(s1); s2 = warp_reduce_sum(s2); s3 = warp_reduce_sum(s3);
    }
    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
        partial[base] = s0;
        if (b1) partial[base + 1] = s1;
        if (b2) partial[base + 2] = s2;
        if (b3) partial[base + 3] = s3;
    }
}

static __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {
    __shared__ float shared[32];
    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
    int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
    val = warp_reduce_sum(val);
    if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;
    __syncthreads();
    val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;
    if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);
    return val;
}

__global__ void hinge_rows_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pred,
                                         const float* __restrict__ target,
                                         float* __restrict__ partial,
                                         long long rows, long long cols) {
    long long r = (long long)blockIdx.x;
    if (r >= rows) return;
    const float* row = pred + r * cols;
    float sum = 0.0f;
    for (long long c = threadIdx.x; c < cols; c += blockDim.x) {
        sum += fmaxf(1.0f - row[c] * target[c], 0.0f);
    }
    sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);
    if (threadIdx.x == 0) partial[r] = sum;
}

__global__ void final_reduce_kernel(const float* __restrict__ partial,
                                    float* __restrict__ out,
                                    long long rows, float inv_total) {
    float sum = 0.0f;
    for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < rows; i += blockDim.x) sum += partial[i];
    sum = block_reduce_sum(sum);
    if (threadIdx.x == 0) out[0] = sum * inv_total;
}

torch::Tensor hinge_forward(torch::Tensor predictions, torch::Tensor targets) {
    CHECK_CUDA(predictions); CHECK_CUDA(targets); CHECK_FLOAT(predictions); CHECK_FLOAT(targets);
    TORCH_CHECK(predictions.is_contiguous(), "predictions must be contiguous");
    TORCH_CHECK(targets.is_contiguous(), "targets must be contiguous");
    long long total = predictions.numel();
    long long cols = targets.numel();
    TORCH_CHECK(cols > 0 && total % cols == 0, "invalid shapes");
    long long rows = total / cols;
    auto partial = torch::empty({rows}, predictions.options());
    auto out = torch::empty({}, predictions.options());
    const int threads = 256;
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    if ((cols % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)predictions.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)targets.data_ptr<float>() & 15) == 0)) {
        hinge_rows4_vec4_kernel<<<(unsigned int)((rows + 3) / 4), threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, (int)(cols / 4));
    } else {
        hinge_rows_scalar_kernel<<<(unsigned int)rows, threads, 0, stream>>>(predictions.data_ptr<float>(), targets.data_ptr<float>(), partial.data_ptr<float>(), rows, cols);
    }
    final_reduce_kernel<<<1, threads, 0, stream>>>(partial.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), rows, 1.0f / (float)total);
    return out;
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(name='hinge_loss_ext_final', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hinge_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
    def forward(self, predictions, targets):
        return _ext.hinge_forward(predictions, targets)