gpt-5.5-priority · popcorn · l12_all_gpt
correct 7_Conv1d_Depthwise_Separable.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
11 / 15
tool calls
11
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
popcorn
runtime
0.42 μs
ref runtime
0.56 μs
speedup
1.32x
started
2026-05-04T03:13:05Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
0.42 μs
ref runtime
0.56 μs
speedup
1.32x
kernel mean / median / std
0.42 / — / 0.01 μs
ref mean / median / std
0.56 / — / 0.01 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
0.00
mean abs error
0.00
max rel error
0.00
mean rel error
0.00
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
546.02 MB
ref peak
546.02 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
4
ref launches
22
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
5.50x
total cuda time
32 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
241.40
ref mJ / run
0.00
ratio (ref / kernel)
—
avg power
574.75 W
ref avg power
0.00 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.987
dram util %
98.7%
compute util %
47.8%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
3306.40 GB/s
dram util %
98.7%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
105.9%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
47.8%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
134.0%
ld sectors / req
2.94
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
192
smem / block
233472 B
block size
640
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
1024.6%
short_scoreboard
116.5%
mio_throttle
19.9%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Performs a depthwise-separable 1D convolution: a depthwise Conv1d (each channel independently)
    followed by a pointwise Conv1d (1x1, mixes channels). Used in Enformer and genomic sequence
    models for efficient spatial+channel factorized processing.

    Args:
        in_channels (int): Number of channels in the input.
        out_channels (int): Number of channels produced by the pointwise convolution.
        kernel_size (int): Kernel size of the depthwise convolution.
        stride (int, optional): Stride of the depthwise convolution. Defaults to 1.
        padding (int, optional): Padding for the depthwise convolution. Defaults to 0.
        bias (bool, optional): If True, adds a learnable bias. Defaults to False.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=in_channels, bias=bias)
        self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        x = self.depthwise(x)
        x = self.pointwise(x)
        return x

batch_size = 32
in_channels = 256
out_channels = 512
kernel_size = 9
seq_len = 4096
stride = 1
padding = 4

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.randn(popcorn_pri.jitter_int(batch_size), in_channels, popcorn_pri.jitter_int(seq_len))]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding]
turn 038.3s turn · 38.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Exploring custom operations** I'm thinking about customizing the fusion of depthwise and pointwise convolutions without writing intermediates. Should I use cuBLAS or perhaps call PyTorch instead? I want faster results and need to consider using custom tensor cores with fp32 precision and a tolerance of 1e-4. I wonder if I could call cublasSgemm with TF32. It seems like optimizing with CUTLASS could be too complicated, so maybe a custom CUDA kernel is the way to go for matrix multiplication.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 84.9s turn · 84.9s LLM · 7,089 chars (click to expand)
turn 184.9s turn · 84.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating tensor layout** I'm working on the tensor weight shape, which is [O, C, 1]. I think it’s good that it’s contiguous and follows the pointer layout of o*C + c. Now, I need to consider whether I should use cuBLAS with a PyTorch stream. Should I set the stream? And do I need to check if the cuBLAS handle is already set to the current stream? There’s quite a bit to think about here!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n float* __restrict__ tmp,\n int N, int C, int L, int K, int Lo,\n int stride, int pad, int has_bias) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int l = idx % Lo;\n long long t = idx / Lo;\n int n = t % N;\n int c = t / N;\n int in0 = l * stride - pad;\n float acc = has_bias ? b[c] : 0.0f;\n const float* xbase = x + ((long long)n * C + c) * L;\n const float* wbase = w + (long long)c * K;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {\n if (k >= K) break;\n int xi = in0 + k;\n if ((unsigned)xi < (unsigned)L) {\n acc += xbase[xi] * wbase[k];\n }\n }\n // tmp is C x (N*Lo), column-major as M x C for cuBLAS: tmp[c*M + n*Lo + l]\n tmp[(long long)c * N * Lo + (long long)n * Lo + l] = acc;\n}\n\n__global__ void add_pw_bias_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ b,\n int O, long long M) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)O * M;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int o = idx / M;\n y[idx] += b[o];\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,\n torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride64, int64_t padding64) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"float32 only\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n auto dwc = dw.contiguous();\n auto pwc = pw.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0);\n int C = (int)xc.size(1);\n int L = (int)xc.size(2);\n int K = (int)dwc.size(2);\n int O = (int)pwc.size(0);\n int stride = (int)stride64;\n int pad = (int)padding64;\n int Lo = (L + 2 * pad - K) / stride + 1;\n auto opts = xc.options();\n auto tmp = torch::empty({C, N, Lo}, opts);\n auto ybase = torch::empty({O, N, Lo}, opts);\n\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* dbp = (db.numel() != 0) ? db.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n depthwise_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), dwc.data_ptr<float>(), dbp,\n tmp.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, L, K, Lo, stride, pad,\n db.numel() != 0);\n\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, stream);\n cublasMath_t old_mode;\n cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_DEFAULT_MATH);\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n int M = N * Lo;\n // ybase as column-major M x O = tmp(M x C) * pw^T(C x O); pw storage [O,C,1] equals col-major C x O.\n cublasStatus_t st = cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N,\n M, O, C,\n &alpha,\n tmp.data_ptr<float>(), M,\n pwc.data_ptr<float>(), C,\n &beta,\n ybase.data_ptr<float>(), M);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);\n TORCH_CHECK(st == CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS, \"cublasSgemm failed\");\n if (pb.numel() != 0) {\n long long ytot = (long long)O * M;\n int b2 = (int)((ytot + threads - 1) / threads);\n add_pw_bias_kernel<<<b2, threads, 0, stream>>>(ybase.data_ptr<float>(), pb.data_ptr<float>(), O, M);\n }\n // Return logical N x O x Lo view of O x N x Lo storage (non-contiguous, but correct strides).\n return ybase.as_strided({N, O, Lo}, {Lo, (long long)N * Lo, 1});\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_v1', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['dsconv_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=in_channels, bias=bias)\n self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n db = self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n pb = self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.dsconv_forward(x, self.depthwise.weight, self.pointwise.weight, db, pb, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 10.3s turn · 10.3s LLM · 6,624 chars (click to expand)
turn 210.3s turn · 10.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n float* __restrict__ tmp,\n int N, int C, int L, int K, int Lo,\n int stride, int pad, int has_bias) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int l = idx % Lo;\n long long t = idx / Lo;\n int n = t % N;\n int c = t / N;\n int in0 = l * stride - pad;\n float acc = has_bias ? b[c] : 0.0f;\n const float* xbase = x + ((long long)n * C + c) * L;\n const float* wbase = w + (long long)c * K;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {\n if (k >= K) break;\n int xi = in0 + k;\n if ((unsigned)xi < (unsigned)L) {\n acc += xbase[xi] * wbase[k];\n }\n }\n tmp[(long long)c * N * Lo + (long long)n * Lo + l] = acc;\n}\n\n__global__ void add_pw_bias_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ b,\n int O, long long M) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)O * M;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int o = idx / M;\n y[idx] += b[o];\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,\n torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride64, int64_t padding64) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"float32 only\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n auto dwc = dw.contiguous();\n auto pwc = pw.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0);\n int C = (int)xc.size(1);\n int L = (int)xc.size(2);\n int K = (int)dwc.size(2);\n int O = (int)pwc.size(0);\n int stride = (int)stride64;\n int pad = (int)padding64;\n int Lo = (L + 2 * pad - K) / stride + 1;\n auto opts = xc.options();\n auto tmp = torch::empty({C, N, Lo}, opts);\n auto ybase = torch::empty({O, N, Lo}, opts);\n\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* dbp = (db.numel() != 0) ? db.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n depthwise_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), dwc.data_ptr<float>(), dbp,\n tmp.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, L, K, Lo, stride, pad,\n db.numel() != 0);\n\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, stream);\n cublasMath_t old_mode;\n cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_DEFAULT_MATH);\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n int M = N * Lo;\n cublasStatus_t st = cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N,\n M, O, C,\n &alpha,\n tmp.data_ptr<float>(), M,\n pwc.data_ptr<float>(), C,\n &beta,\n ybase.data_ptr<float>(), M);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);\n TORCH_CHECK(st == CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS, \"cublasSgemm failed\");\n if (pb.numel() != 0) {\n long long ytot = (long long)O * M;\n int b2 = (int)((ytot + threads - 1) / threads);\n add_pw_bias_kernel<<<b2, threads, 0, stream>>>(ybase.data_ptr<float>(), pb.data_ptr<float>(), O, M);\n }\n return ybase.as_strided({N, O, Lo}, {Lo, (long long)N * Lo, 1});\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_v1', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['dsconv_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int, stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=in_channels, bias=bias)\n self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n db = self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n pb = self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.dsconv_forward(x, self.depthwise.weight, self.pointwise.weight, db, pb, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.000554', '0.000562', '0.000559', '0.000549', '0.000548'] avg_difference: ['0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073']
turn 336.7s turn · 36.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Optimizing computations** I’m thinking about whether I could optimize block sizes, like 32x8, with a compute-bound strategy. Maybe I could use each thread to compute multiple O values, perhaps like four, to reduce A loads and blocks. If I tile MxO to 16x32 with 128 threads, maybe each thread could handle two O? This seems more complex, so I should probably implement the 16x16 setup first to check if it’s correct and profile the results.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ tmp,\n int N, int C, int L, int K, int Lo, int stride, int pad, int has_bias) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int l = idx % Lo;\n long long t = idx / Lo;\n int n = t % N;\n int c = t / N;\n int in0 = l * stride - pad;\n float acc = has_bias ? b[c] : 0.0f;\n const float* xbase = x + ((long long)n * C + c) * L;\n const float* wbase = w + (long long)c * K;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) { if (k >= K) break; int xi = in0 + k; if ((unsigned)xi < (unsigned)L) acc += xbase[xi] * wbase[k]; }\n tmp[(long long)c * N * Lo + (long long)n * Lo + l] = acc;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BM, int BO, int BK>\n__global__ void pointwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ A, const float* __restrict__ W,\n const float* __restrict__ pb, float* __restrict__ Y,\n int M, int C, int O, int has_bias) {\n __shared__ float As[BK][BM+1];\n __shared__ float Bs[BO][BK+1];\n int tx = threadIdx.x; // m within tile\n int ty = threadIdx.y; // o within tile\n int m = blockIdx.x * BM + tx;\n int o = blockIdx.y * BO + ty;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n for (int kk = 0; kk < C; kk += BK) {\n int kA = kk + ty;\n As[ty][tx] = (m < M && kA < C) ? A[(long long)kA * M + m] : 0.0f;\n int kB = kk + tx;\n Bs[ty][tx] = (o < O && kB < C) ? W[(long long)o * C + kB] : 0.0f;\n __syncthreads();\n#pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < BK; ++k) acc += As[k][tx] * Bs[ty][k];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (m < M && o < O) Y[(long long)o * M + m] = acc + (has_bias ? pb[o] : 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,\n torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride64, int64_t padding64) {\n auto xc = x.contiguous(); auto dwc = dw.contiguous(); auto pwc = pw.contiguous();\n int N=xc.size(0), C=xc.size(1), L=xc.size(2), K=dwc.size(2), O=pwc.size(0);\n int stride=stride64, pad=padding64; int Lo=(L+2*pad-K)/stride+1; int M=N*Lo;\n auto tmp = torch::empty({C,N,Lo}, xc.options());\n auto ybase = torch::empty({O,N,Lo}, xc.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int threads=256; long long total=(long long)C*N*Lo;\n depthwise_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), dwc.data_ptr<float>(), db.numel()?db.data_ptr<float>():nullptr, tmp.data_ptr<float>(), N,C,L,K,Lo,stride,pad,db.numel()!=0);\n dim3 block(16,16); dim3 grid((M+15)/16, (O+15)/16);\n pointwise_kernel<16,16,16><<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(tmp.data_ptr<float>(), pwc.data_ptr<float>(), pb.numel()?pb.data_ptr<float>():nullptr, ybase.data_ptr<float>(), M,C,O,pb.numel()!=0);\n return ybase.as_strided({N,O,Lo}, {Lo, (long long)N*Lo, 1});\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['dsconv_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels:int, out_channels:int, kernel_size:int, stride:int=1, padding:int=0, bias:bool=False):\n super().__init__(); self.depthwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,in_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,groups=in_channels,bias=bias); self.pointwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,out_channels,1,bias=bias); self.stride=stride; self.padding=padding\n def forward(self,x):\n e=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.dsconv_forward(x,self.depthwise.weight,self.pointwise.weight,self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else e,self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else e,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 48.7s turn · 8.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ tmp,\n int N, int C, int L, int K, int Lo, int stride, int pad, int has_bias) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int l = idx % Lo;\n long long t = idx / Lo;\n int n = t % N;\n int c = t / N;\n int in0 = l * stride - pad;\n float acc = has_bias ? b[c] : 0.0f;\n const float* xbase = x + ((long long)n * C + c) * L;\n const float* wbase = w + (long long)c * K;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) { if (k >= K) break; int xi = in0 + k; if ((unsigned)xi < (unsigned)L) acc += xbase[xi] * wbase[k]; }\n tmp[(long long)c * N * Lo + (long long)n * Lo + l] = acc;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BM, int BO, int BK>\n__global__ void pointwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ A, const float* __restrict__ W,\n const float* __restrict__ pb, float* __restrict__ Y,\n int M, int C, int O, int has_bias) {\n __shared__ float As[BK][BM+1];\n __shared__ float Bs[BO][BK+1];\n int tx = threadIdx.x; int ty = threadIdx.y;\n int m = blockIdx.x * BM + tx; int o = blockIdx.y * BO + ty;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n for (int kk = 0; kk < C; kk += BK) {\n int kA = kk + ty; As[ty][tx] = (m < M && kA < C) ? A[(long long)kA * M + m] : 0.0f;\n int kB = kk + tx; Bs[ty][tx] = (o < O && kB < C) ? W[(long long)o * C + kB] : 0.0f;\n __syncthreads();\n#pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < BK; ++k) acc += As[k][tx] * Bs[ty][k];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (m < M && o < O) Y[(long long)o * M + m] = acc + (has_bias ? pb[o] : 0.0f);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,\n torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride64, int64_t padding64) {\n auto xc = x.contiguous(); auto dwc = dw.contiguous(); auto pwc = pw.contiguous();\n int N=xc.size(0), C=xc.size(1), L=xc.size(2), K=dwc.size(2), O=pwc.size(0);\n int stride=stride64, pad=padding64; int Lo=(L+2*pad-K)/stride+1; int M=N*Lo;\n auto tmp = torch::empty({C,N,Lo}, xc.options()); auto ybase = torch::empty({O,N,Lo}, xc.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); int threads=256; long long total=(long long)C*N*Lo;\n depthwise_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), dwc.data_ptr<float>(), db.numel()?db.data_ptr<float>():nullptr, tmp.data_ptr<float>(), N,C,L,K,Lo,stride,pad,db.numel()!=0);\n dim3 block(16,16); dim3 grid((M+15)/16, (O+15)/16);\n pointwise_kernel<16,16,16><<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(tmp.data_ptr<float>(), pwc.data_ptr<float>(), pb.numel()?pb.data_ptr<float>():nullptr, ybase.data_ptr<float>(), M,C,O,pb.numel()!=0);\n return ybase.as_strided({N,O,Lo}, {Lo, (long long)N*Lo, 1});\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['dsconv_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels:int, out_channels:int, kernel_size:int, stride:int=1, padding:int=0, bias:bool=False):\n super().__init__(); self.depthwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,in_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,groups=in_channels,bias=bias); self.pointwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,out_channels,1,bias=bias); self.stride=stride; self.padding=padding\n def forward(self,x):\n e=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.dsconv_forward(x,self.depthwise.weight,self.pointwise.weight,self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else e,self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else e,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.000554', '0.000562', '0.000559', '0.000549', '0.000548'] avg_difference: ['0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073', '0.000073']
turn 510.7s turn · 10.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ w,const float* __restrict__ b,float* __restrict__ tmp,int N,int C,int L,int K,int Lo,int stride,int pad,int has_bias){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)C*N*Lo; if(idx>=total)return; int l=idx%Lo; long long t=idx/Lo; int n=t%N,c=t/N; int in0=l*stride-pad; float acc=has_bias?b[c]:0.0f; const float* xb=x+((long long)n*C+c)*L; const float* wb=w+(long long)c*K; #pragma unroll for(int k=0;k<32;++k){ if(k>=K)break; int xi=in0+k; if((unsigned)xi<(unsigned)L) acc+=xb[xi]*wb[k];} tmp[(long long)c*N*Lo+(long long)n*Lo+l]=acc;}\n__global__ void add_bias(float* y,const float*b,int O,long long M){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)O*M;if(idx<total)y[idx]+=b[idx/M];}\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x,torch::Tensor dw,torch::Tensor pw,torch::Tensor db,torch::Tensor pb,int64_t stride64,int64_t padding64){auto xc=x.contiguous();auto dwc=dw.contiguous();auto pwc=pw.contiguous();int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),L=xc.size(2),K=dwc.size(2),O=pwc.size(0),stride=stride64,pad=padding64;int Lo=(L+2*pad-K)/stride+1,M=N*Lo;auto tmp=torch::empty({C,N,Lo},xc.options());auto y=torch::empty({O,N,Lo},xc.options());cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();int th=256;long long tot=(long long)C*N*Lo;depthwise_kernel<<<(tot+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),dwc.data_ptr<float>(),db.numel()?db.data_ptr<float>():nullptr,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),N,C,L,K,Lo,stride,pad,db.numel()!=0);cublasHandle_t h=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();cublasSetStream(h,stream);cublasMath_t old; cublasGetMathMode(h,&old); cublasSetMathMode(h,CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);float a=1,beta=0;auto st=cublasSgemm(h,CUBLAS_OP_N,CUBLAS_OP_N,M,O,C,&a,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),M,pwc.data_ptr<float>(),C,&beta,y.data_ptr<float>(),M);cublasSetMathMode(h,old);TORCH_CHECK(st==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS,\"gemm\"); if(pb.numel()){long long yt=(long long)O*M;add_bias<<<(yt+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),pb.data_ptr<float>(),O,M);} return y.as_strided({N,O,Lo},{Lo,(long long)N*Lo,1});}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_tf32test',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['dsconv_forward'],verbose=False,extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels:int,out_channels:int,kernel_size:int,stride:int=1,padding:int=0,bias:bool=False):\n super().__init__(); self.depthwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,in_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,groups=in_channels,bias=bias); self.pointwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,out_channels,1,bias=bias); self.stride=stride; self.padding=padding\n def forward(self,x):\n e=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.dsconv_forward(x,self.depthwise.weight,self.pointwise.weight,self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else e,self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else e,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: persistent build/lock contention after retries. Please try a different kernel.
turn 67.4s turn · 7.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ w,const float* __restrict__ b,float* __restrict__ tmp,int N,int C,int L,int K,int Lo,int stride,int pad,int has_bias){\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)C*N*Lo; if(idx>=total)return; int l=idx%Lo; long long t=idx/Lo; int n=t%N,c=t/N; int in0=l*stride-pad; float acc=has_bias?b[c]:0.0f; const float* xb=x+((long long)n*C+c)*L; const float* wb=w+(long long)c*K;\n#pragma unroll\n for(int k=0;k<32;++k){ if(k>=K)break; int xi=in0+k; if((unsigned)xi<(unsigned)L) acc+=xb[xi]*wb[k];}\n tmp[(long long)c*N*Lo+(long long)n*Lo+l]=acc;\n}\n__global__ void add_bias(float* y,const float*b,int O,long long M){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)O*M;if(idx<total)y[idx]+=b[idx/M];}\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x,torch::Tensor dw,torch::Tensor pw,torch::Tensor db,torch::Tensor pb,int64_t stride64,int64_t padding64){auto xc=x.contiguous();auto dwc=dw.contiguous();auto pwc=pw.contiguous();int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),L=xc.size(2),K=dwc.size(2),O=pwc.size(0),stride=stride64,pad=padding64;int Lo=(L+2*pad-K)/stride+1,M=N*Lo;auto tmp=torch::empty({C,N,Lo},xc.options());auto y=torch::empty({O,N,Lo},xc.options());cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();int th=256;long long tot=(long long)C*N*Lo;depthwise_kernel<<<(tot+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),dwc.data_ptr<float>(),db.numel()?db.data_ptr<float>():nullptr,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),N,C,L,K,Lo,stride,pad,db.numel()!=0);cublasHandle_t h=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();cublasSetStream(h,stream);cublasMath_t old; cublasGetMathMode(h,&old); cublasSetMathMode(h,CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);float a=1,beta=0;auto st=cublasSgemm(h,CUBLAS_OP_N,CUBLAS_OP_N,M,O,C,&a,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),M,pwc.data_ptr<float>(),C,&beta,y.data_ptr<float>(),M);cublasSetMathMode(h,old);TORCH_CHECK(st==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS,\"gemm\"); if(pb.numel()){long long yt=(long long)O*M;add_bias<<<(yt+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),pb.data_ptr<float>(),O,M);} return y.as_strided({N,O,Lo},{Lo,(long long)N*Lo,1});}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_tf32test2',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['dsconv_forward'],verbose=False,extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels:int,out_channels:int,kernel_size:int,stride:int=1,padding:int=0,bias:bool=False):\n super().__init__(); self.depthwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,in_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,groups=in_channels,bias=bias); self.pointwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,out_channels,1,bias=bias); self.stride=stride; self.padding=padding\n def forward(self,x):\n e=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.dsconv_forward(x,self.depthwise.weight,self.pointwise.weight,self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else e,self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else e,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 78.4s turn · 8.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ w,const float* __restrict__ b,float* __restrict__ tmp,int N,int C,int L,int K,int Lo,int stride,int pad,int has_bias){\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)C*N*Lo; if(idx>=total)return; int l=idx%Lo; long long t=idx/Lo; int n=t%N,c=t/N; int in0=l*stride-pad; float acc=has_bias?b[c]:0.0f; const float* xb=x+((long long)n*C+c)*L; const float* wb=w+(long long)c*K;\n#pragma unroll\n for(int k=0;k<32;++k){ if(k>=K)break; int xi=in0+k; if((unsigned)xi<(unsigned)L) acc+=xb[xi]*wb[k];}\n tmp[(long long)c*N*Lo+(long long)n*Lo+l]=acc;\n}\n__global__ void add_bias(float* y,const float*b,int O,long long M){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)O*M;if(idx<total)y[idx]+=b[idx/M];}\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x,torch::Tensor dw,torch::Tensor pw,torch::Tensor db,torch::Tensor pb,int64_t stride64,int64_t padding64){auto xc=x.contiguous();auto dwc=dw.contiguous();auto pwc=pw.contiguous();int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),L=xc.size(2),K=dwc.size(2),O=pwc.size(0),stride=stride64,pad=padding64;int Lo=(L+2*pad-K)/stride+1,M=N*Lo;auto tmp=torch::empty({C,N,Lo},xc.options());auto y=torch::empty({O,N,Lo},xc.options());cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();int th=256;long long tot=(long long)C*N*Lo;depthwise_kernel<<<(tot+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),dwc.data_ptr<float>(),db.numel()?db.data_ptr<float>():nullptr,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),N,C,L,K,Lo,stride,pad,db.numel()!=0);cublasHandle_t h=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();cublasSetStream(h,stream);cublasMath_t old; cublasGetMathMode(h,&old); cublasSetMathMode(h,CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);float a=1,beta=0;auto st=cublasSgemm(h,CUBLAS_OP_N,CUBLAS_OP_N,M,O,C,&a,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),M,pwc.data_ptr<float>(),C,&beta,y.data_ptr<float>(),M);cublasSetMathMode(h,old);TORCH_CHECK(st==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS,\"gemm\"); if(pb.numel()){long long yt=(long long)O*M;add_bias<<<(yt+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),pb.data_ptr<float>(),O,M);} return y.as_strided({N,O,Lo},{Lo,(long long)N*Lo,1});}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_tf32test2',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['dsconv_forward'],verbose=False,extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels:int,out_channels:int,kernel_size:int,stride:int=1,padding:int=0,bias:bool=False):\n super().__init__(); self.depthwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,in_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,groups=in_channels,bias=bias); self.pointwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,out_channels,1,bias=bias); self.stride=stride; self.padding=padding\n def forward(self,x):\n e=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.dsconv_forward(x,self.depthwise.weight,self.pointwise.weight,self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else e,self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else e,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 7.8s turn · 7.8s LLM · 6,170 chars (click to expand)
turn 87.8s turn · 7.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating TF32 usage** I'm considering the use of TF32 with cuBLAS and how it applies to our depthwise calculations. Was it an exact match? It’s interesting because maybe cuDNN utilizes cuBLAS as well. I should look into profiling and timing to get a better understanding of performance. I'll start by using the v1 version of TF32 with cuBLAS for this evaluation. There's a lot to explore here!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ w,const float* __restrict__ b,float* __restrict__ tmp,int N,int C,int L,int K,int Lo,int stride,int pad,int has_bias){\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)C*N*Lo; if(idx>=total)return; int l=idx%Lo; long long t=idx/Lo; int n=t%N,c=t/N; int in0=l*stride-pad; float acc=has_bias?b[c]:0.0f; const float* xb=x+((long long)n*C+c)*L; const float* wb=w+(long long)c*K;\n#pragma unroll\n for(int k=0;k<32;++k){ if(k>=K)break; int xi=in0+k; if((unsigned)xi<(unsigned)L) acc+=xb[xi]*wb[k];}\n tmp[(long long)c*N*Lo+(long long)n*Lo+l]=acc;\n}\n__global__ void add_bias(float* y,const float*b,int O,long long M){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)O*M;if(idx<total)y[idx]+=b[idx/M];}\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x,torch::Tensor dw,torch::Tensor pw,torch::Tensor db,torch::Tensor pb,int64_t stride64,int64_t padding64){auto xc=x.contiguous();auto dwc=dw.contiguous();auto pwc=pw.contiguous();int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),L=xc.size(2),K=dwc.size(2),O=pwc.size(0),stride=stride64,pad=padding64;int Lo=(L+2*pad-K)/stride+1,M=N*Lo;auto tmp=torch::empty({C,N,Lo},xc.options());auto y=torch::empty({O,N,Lo},xc.options());cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();int th=256;long long tot=(long long)C*N*Lo;depthwise_kernel<<<(tot+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),dwc.data_ptr<float>(),db.numel()?db.data_ptr<float>():nullptr,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),N,C,L,K,Lo,stride,pad,db.numel()!=0);cublasHandle_t h=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();cublasSetStream(h,stream);cublasMath_t old; cublasGetMathMode(h,&old); cublasSetMathMode(h,CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);float a=1,beta=0;auto st=cublasSgemm(h,CUBLAS_OP_N,CUBLAS_OP_N,M,O,C,&a,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),M,pwc.data_ptr<float>(),C,&beta,y.data_ptr<float>(),M);cublasSetMathMode(h,old);TORCH_CHECK(st==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS,\"gemm\"); if(pb.numel()){long long yt=(long long)O*M;add_bias<<<(yt+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),pb.data_ptr<float>(),O,M);} return y.as_strided({N,O,Lo},{Lo,(long long)N*Lo,1});}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_tf32prof',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['dsconv_forward'],verbose=False,extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels:int,out_channels:int,kernel_size:int,stride:int=1,padding:int=0,bias:bool=False):\n super().__init__(); self.depthwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,in_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,groups=in_channels,bias=bias); self.pointwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,out_channels,1,bias=bias); self.stride=stride; self.padding=padding\n def forward(self,x):\n e=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.dsconv_forward(x,self.depthwise.weight,self.pointwise.weight,self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else e,self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else e,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 1209.0μs (62%) calls=1 #2: aten::empty 704.0μs (36%) calls=1 #3: aten::empty 30.0μs (2%) calls=1 #4: aten::as_strided 3.0μs (0%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 420.38 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 3321.1/3350 GB/s (99.1%) read=1346.6 write=1974.5 GB/s Hit rates: L2=134.0% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=48.2% Pipe util: FMA=32.3%, Tensor=48.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 105.8% Eligible warps/cycle: 4.31 Launch: regs/thread=192, smem/blk=233472B, block=640, grid=131204 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 2.94 sectors/req (2.9x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 1028.2% #################### short_scoreboard 116.8% #################### mio_throttle 19.7% ### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 1028% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=2.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=2.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 3x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 914.6s turn · 14.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw, torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ w,const float* __restrict__ b,float* __restrict__ tmp,int N,int C,int L,int K,int Lo,int stride,int pad,int has_bias){\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)C*N*Lo; if(idx>=total)return; int l=idx%Lo; long long t=idx/Lo; int n=t%N,c=t/N; int in0=l*stride-pad; float acc=has_bias?b[c]:0.0f; const float* xb=x+((long long)n*C+c)*L; const float* wb=w+(long long)c*K;\n#pragma unroll\n for(int k=0;k<32;++k){ if(k>=K)break; int xi=in0+k; if((unsigned)xi<(unsigned)L) acc+=xb[xi]*wb[k];}\n tmp[(long long)c*N*Lo+(long long)n*Lo+l]=acc;\n}\n__global__ void add_bias(float* y,const float*b,int O,long long M){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)O*M;if(idx<total)y[idx]+=b[idx/M];}\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x,torch::Tensor dw,torch::Tensor pw,torch::Tensor db,torch::Tensor pb,int64_t stride64,int64_t padding64){auto xc=x.contiguous();auto dwc=dw.contiguous();auto pwc=pw.contiguous();int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),L=xc.size(2),K=dwc.size(2),O=pwc.size(0),stride=stride64,pad=padding64;int Lo=(L+2*pad-K)/stride+1,M=N*Lo;auto tmp=torch::empty({C,N,Lo},xc.options());auto y=torch::empty({O,N,Lo},xc.options());cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();int th=256;long long tot=(long long)C*N*Lo;depthwise_kernel<<<(tot+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),dwc.data_ptr<float>(),db.numel()?db.data_ptr<float>():nullptr,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),N,C,L,K,Lo,stride,pad,db.numel()!=0);cublasHandle_t h=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();cublasSetStream(h,stream);cublasMath_t old; cublasGetMathMode(h,&old); cublasSetMathMode(h,CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);float a=1,beta=0;auto st=cublasSgemm(h,CUBLAS_OP_N,CUBLAS_OP_N,M,O,C,&a,tmp.data_ptr<float>(),M,pwc.data_ptr<float>(),C,&beta,y.data_ptr<float>(),M);cublasSetMathMode(h,old);TORCH_CHECK(st==CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS,\"gemm\"); if(pb.numel()){long long yt=(long long)O*M;add_bias<<<(yt+th-1)/th,th,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),pb.data_ptr<float>(),O,M);} return y.as_strided({N,O,Lo},{Lo,(long long)N*Lo,1});}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_final',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['dsconv_forward'],verbose=False,extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels:int,out_channels:int,kernel_size:int,stride:int=1,padding:int=0,bias:bool=False):\n super().__init__(); self.depthwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,in_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride,padding=padding,groups=in_channels,bias=bias); self.pointwise=nn.Conv1d(in_channels,out_channels,1,bias=bias); self.stride=stride; self.padding=padding\n def forward(self,x):\n e=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.dsconv_forward(x,self.depthwise.weight,self.pointwise.weight,self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else e,self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else e,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 10 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 14.9s turn · 14.9s LLM · 7,540 chars (click to expand)
turn 1014.9s turn · 14.9s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Evaluating code requirements** I need to ensure that later operations align with the expected contiguous format. It's a bit unclear if the evaluator should take the output's contiguity into account since it isn't mentioned in the specifications. I have to remember that equivalent tensor values don't include stride changes. Finally, I want to confirm that the code formatting is correct and that I'll use a unique extension name if there are multiple submissions. Let's finalize everything!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,\n torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\n__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n float* __restrict__ tmp,\n int N, int C, int L, int K, int Lo,\n int stride, int pad, int has_bias) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int l = idx % Lo;\n long long t = idx / Lo;\n int n = t % N;\n int c = t / N;\n int in0 = l * stride - pad;\n\n float acc = has_bias ? b[c] : 0.0f;\n const float* xbase = x + ((long long)n * C + c) * L;\n const float* wbase = w + (long long)c * K;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {\n if (k >= K) break;\n int xi = in0 + k;\n if ((unsigned)xi < (unsigned)L) acc += xbase[xi] * wbase[k];\n }\n // Layout C x (N*Lo), which is column-major (N*Lo) x C for cuBLAS.\n tmp[(long long)c * N * Lo + (long long)n * Lo + l] = acc;\n}\n\n__global__ void add_pw_bias_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n int O, long long M) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)O * M;\n if (idx < total) y[idx] += b[idx / M];\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,\n torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb,\n int64_t stride64, int64_t padding64) {\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n auto dwc = dw.contiguous();\n auto pwc = pw.contiguous();\n\n int N = (int)xc.size(0);\n int C = (int)xc.size(1);\n int L = (int)xc.size(2);\n int K = (int)dwc.size(2);\n int O = (int)pwc.size(0);\n int stride = (int)stride64;\n int pad = (int)padding64;\n int Lo = (L + 2 * pad - K) / stride + 1;\n int M = N * Lo;\n\n auto tmp = torch::empty({C, N, Lo}, xc.options());\n auto ybase = torch::empty({O, N, Lo}, xc.options());\n\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const int threads = 256;\n long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;\n depthwise_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), dwc.data_ptr<float>(),\n db.numel() ? db.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,\n tmp.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, L, K, Lo, stride, pad, db.numel() != 0);\n\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, stream);\n cublasMath_t old_mode;\n cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);\n\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n // ybase as column-major M x O = tmp(M x C) @ pw(C x O). pw [O,C,1]\n // is exactly column-major C x O in memory.\n cublasStatus_t st = cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N,\n M, O, C,\n &alpha,\n tmp.data_ptr<float>(), M,\n pwc.data_ptr<float>(), C,\n &beta,\n ybase.data_ptr<float>(), M);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);\n TORCH_CHECK(st == CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS, \"cublasSgemm failed\");\n\n if (pb.numel() != 0) {\n long long ytot = (long long)O * M;\n add_pw_bias_kernel<<<(ytot + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n ybase.data_ptr<float>(), pb.data_ptr<float>(), O, M);\n }\n\n // Return logical [N,O,Lo] without a costly physical transpose.\n return ybase.as_strided({N, O, Lo}, {Lo, (long long)N * Lo, 1});\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_submit',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['dsconv_forward'],\n verbose=False,\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int,\n stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size,\n stride=stride, padding=padding,\n groups=in_channels, bias=bias)\n self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1,\n bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n empty = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n db = self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else empty\n pb = self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else empty\n return _ext.dsconv_forward(x, self.depthwise.weight, self.pointwise.weight,\n db, pb, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 0.42 μs Runtime stats: mean=0.42μs median=?μs std=0.01μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00 Memory: 546.02 MB peak (ref: 546.02 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 4 (ref: 22, fusion ratio: 5.5) Energy: 241.4 mJ/run (ref: 0.0 mJ, ratio: -1x) SOL score: 0.987
final submitted kernel (141 lines, 5,638 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>

torch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,
                             torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb,
                             int64_t stride, int64_t padding);
'''

_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cublas_v2.h>

__global__ void depthwise_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,
                                 const float* __restrict__ w,
                                 const float* __restrict__ b,
                                 float* __restrict__ tmp,
                                 int N, int C, int L, int K, int Lo,
                                 int stride, int pad, int has_bias) {
    long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;
    if (idx >= total) return;

    int l = idx % Lo;
    long long t = idx / Lo;
    int n = t % N;
    int c = t / N;
    int in0 = l * stride - pad;

    float acc = has_bias ? b[c] : 0.0f;
    const float* xbase = x + ((long long)n * C + c) * L;
    const float* wbase = w + (long long)c * K;
#pragma unroll
    for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {
        if (k >= K) break;
        int xi = in0 + k;
        if ((unsigned)xi < (unsigned)L) acc += xbase[xi] * wbase[k];
    }
    // Layout C x (N*Lo), which is column-major (N*Lo) x C for cuBLAS.
    tmp[(long long)c * N * Lo + (long long)n * Lo + l] = acc;
}

__global__ void add_pw_bias_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,
                                   const float* __restrict__ b,
                                   int O, long long M) {
    long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long total = (long long)O * M;
    if (idx < total) y[idx] += b[idx / M];
}

torch::Tensor dsconv_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor dw, torch::Tensor pw,
                             torch::Tensor db, torch::Tensor pb,
                             int64_t stride64, int64_t padding64) {
    auto xc = x.contiguous();
    auto dwc = dw.contiguous();
    auto pwc = pw.contiguous();

    int N = (int)xc.size(0);
    int C = (int)xc.size(1);
    int L = (int)xc.size(2);
    int K = (int)dwc.size(2);
    int O = (int)pwc.size(0);
    int stride = (int)stride64;
    int pad = (int)padding64;
    int Lo = (L + 2 * pad - K) / stride + 1;
    int M = N * Lo;

    auto tmp = torch::empty({C, N, Lo}, xc.options());
    auto ybase = torch::empty({O, N, Lo}, xc.options());

    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    const int threads = 256;
    long long total = (long long)C * N * Lo;
    depthwise_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(
        xc.data_ptr<float>(), dwc.data_ptr<float>(),
        db.numel() ? db.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,
        tmp.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, L, K, Lo, stride, pad, db.numel() != 0);

    cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();
    cublasSetStream(handle, stream);
    cublasMath_t old_mode;
    cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);
    cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);

    float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
    // ybase as column-major M x O = tmp(M x C) @ pw(C x O).  pw [O,C,1]
    // is exactly column-major C x O in memory.
    cublasStatus_t st = cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N,
                                    M, O, C,
                                    &alpha,
                                    tmp.data_ptr<float>(), M,
                                    pwc.data_ptr<float>(), C,
                                    &beta,
                                    ybase.data_ptr<float>(), M);
    cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);
    TORCH_CHECK(st == CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS, "cublasSgemm failed");

    if (pb.numel() != 0) {
        long long ytot = (long long)O * M;
        add_pw_bias_kernel<<<(ytot + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(
            ybase.data_ptr<float>(), pb.data_ptr<float>(), O, M);
    }

    // Return logical [N,O,Lo] without a costly physical transpose.
    return ybase.as_strided({N, O, Lo}, {Lo, (long long)N * Lo, 1});
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(name='dsconv_ext_submit',
                   cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
                   cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
                   functions=['dsconv_forward'],
                   verbose=False,
                   extra_cflags=['-O3'],
                   extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'])

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: int,
                 stride: int = 1, padding: int = 0, bias: bool = False):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.depthwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size,
                                   stride=stride, padding=padding,
                                   groups=in_channels, bias=bias)
        self.pointwise = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1,
                                   bias=bias)
        self.stride = stride
        self.padding = padding

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        empty = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)
        db = self.depthwise.bias if self.depthwise.bias is not None else empty
        pb = self.pointwise.bias if self.pointwise.bias is not None else empty
        return _ext.dsconv_forward(x, self.depthwise.weight, self.pointwise.weight,
                                   db, pb, self.stride, self.padding)