gpt-5.5-priority · popcorn · l12_all_gpt
correct 28_FusedGroupNormSiLU.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
14 / 15
tool calls
14
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
popcorn
runtime
0.01 μs
ref runtime
0.03 μs
speedup
2.63x
started
2026-05-04T06:09:18Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
0.01 μs
ref runtime
0.03 μs
speedup
2.63x
kernel mean / median / std
0.01 / — / 2.28e-04 μs
ref mean / median / std
0.03 / — / 0.00 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
1.43e-06
mean abs error
2.71e-08
max rel error
0.01
mean rel error
7.93e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
9.00 MB
ref peak
13.50 MB
kernel / ref
0.67x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
2
ref launches
12
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
6.00x
total cuda time
54 μs
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.226
dram util %
22.6%
compute util %
8.8%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
758.36 GB/s
dram util %
22.6%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
20.6%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
8.8%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
56.3%
ld sectors / req
7.90
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
38
smem / block
1152 B
block size
256
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
795.6%
short_scoreboard
140.3%
mio_throttle
52.1%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

# Default ModelNew is PyTorch-only. run_and_check with check_kernel=True and backend=cuda
# requires real CUDA (__global__ + load_inline/cpp_extension) in the kernel file—use
# check_kernel=False until you add a custom kernel implementation.

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Fused GroupNorm + SiLU (Swish), a common post-conv / residual-branch pattern in
    ResNet-family backbones (SiLU instead of ReLU) and in spatial blocks of diffusion
    transformers (DiT) where features are (N, C, H, W).

    Reference pipeline for a single fused kernel: normalize channels with
    `GroupNorm`, then apply `SiLU` elementwise (`x * sigmoid(x)`).
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_channels: int,
        num_groups: int,
        eps: float = 1e-5,
        affine: bool = True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        assert num_channels % num_groups == 0
        self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(
            num_groups=num_groups,
            num_channels=num_channels,
            eps=eps,
            affine=affine,
        )

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Args:
            x: (N, C, H, W) feature map
        Returns:
            Same shape as x
        """
        return F.silu(self.norm(x))


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    """
    KernelBench candidate entry point. Replace with a fused CUDA/Triton kernel;
    default delegates to `Model` for harness smoke tests (same file as ref + kernel).
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        num_channels: int,
        num_groups: int,
        eps: float = 1e-5,
        affine: bool = True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self._impl = Model(num_channels, num_groups, eps=eps, affine=affine)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return self._impl(x)


batch_size = 8
num_channels = 256
num_groups = 32
height = 24
width = 24


def get_inputs():
    p = popcorn_pri
    x = torch.randn(p.jitter_int(batch_size), num_channels, p.jitter_int(height), p.jitter_int(width))
    return [x]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [num_channels, num_groups]
turn 012.3s turn · 12.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Developing Python norms** I need to create a Python file that implements GroupNorm and SiLU with flexible arguments. I'll initialize the weights and biases like nn.GroupNorm, with weight set to 1 and bias to 0. ModelNew should accept affine parameters if they are trainable, and its state_dict must match, referencing norm.weight/bias. I'll use nn.GroupNorm and ensure forward uses the correct parameters. For computations, it looks like I’ll need to manage a substantial output based on the input dimensions for the GroupNorm and SiLU. **Implementing GroupNorm and SiLU** I'm considering using a single pass to compute sum and sum of squares, then derive the inverse standard deviation for the output. Affine weights and biases need to be managed per channel, and I'm estimating around 14MB of memory usage for reads and writes. I’ll implement a custom function to handle this in PyTorch, with simplified signatures for inputs. I have to ensure the inline loading function accommodates tensors and handles the affine case properly by passing empty tensors as needed. It seems I need to efficiently compile the necessary C++ code.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.0s turn · 14.0s LLM · 8,512 chars (click to expand)
turn 114.0s turn · 14.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Checking CUDA sources** I'm wondering if I need to include `torch/extension.h` in my CUDA sources. It seems like if the generated binding includes it, then I should go ahead and include it as well. So, I’ll compile and correct everything accordingly. I want to make sure I have all the necessary dependencies lined up to avoid any issues with the build. Let's finalize these details and get everything set!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__global__ void gn_silu_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int N, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group,\n float eps, bool affine) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n // group is contiguous in NCHW\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n sum += v;\n sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float var = total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n int c_local = i / HW;\n int c = c_start + c_local;\n float v = (x[base + i] - mean) * invstd;\n if (affine) {\n v = fmaf(v, weight[c], bias[c]);\n }\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n y[base + i] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0);\n int C = (int)x.size(1);\n int H = (int)x.size(2);\n int W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n int channels_per_group = C / G;\n int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W;\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n dim3 grid(N * G);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* wptr = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n const float* bptr = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n gn_silu_kernel<BLOCK><<<grid, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), wptr, bptr, y.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps, affine);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v1', cpp_sources='', cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__()\n assert num_channels % num_groups == 0\n self.num_channels = num_channels\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n self.eps = eps\n self.affine = affine\n self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n else:\n dummy = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, dummy, dummy, self.num_groups, self.eps, False)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'gn_silu_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=gn_silu_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_9ed4d8a7deba/gn_silu_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o FAILED: [code=1] main.o /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=gn_silu_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_9ed4d8a7deba/gn_silu_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_9ed4d8a7deba/gn_silu_ext_v1/main.cpp: In function 'void pybind11_init_gn_silu_ext_v1(pybind11::module_&)': /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_9ed4d8a7deba/gn_silu_ext_v1/main.cpp:4:61: error: 'groupnorm_silu_forward' was not declared in this scope 4 | m.def("groupnorm_silu_forward", torch::wrap_pybind_function(groupnorm_silu_forward), "groupnorm_silu_forward"); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=gn_silu_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_9ed4d8a7deba/gn_silu_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 28.8s turn · 8.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Compiling C++ sources** I need to make sure I have the proper declarations in my C++ sources. There's no need for PYBIND in this case. I'll also add the necessary include for torch and the declaration itself. Once everything is set up, I can compile the code. It's important to double-check each step to ensure everything works smoothly and avoid any potential issues during compilation. Let's get this organized!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__global__ void gn_silu_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group,\n float eps, bool affine) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n sum += v;\n sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float var = total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n int c_local = i / HW;\n int c = c_start + c_local;\n float v = (x[base + i] - mean) * invstd;\n if (affine) {\n v = fmaf(v, weight[c], bias[c]);\n }\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n y[base + i] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int C = (int)x.size(1);\n int H = (int)x.size(2);\n int W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n int N = (int)x.size(0);\n int channels_per_group = C / G;\n int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W;\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* wptr = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n const float* bptr = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n gn_silu_kernel<BLOCK><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), wptr, bptr, y.data_ptr<float>(),\n C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps, affine);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__()\n assert num_channels % num_groups == 0\n self.num_channels = num_channels\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n self.eps = eps\n self.affine = affine\n self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n else:\n dummy = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, dummy, dummy, self.num_groups, self.eps, False)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 38.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n }\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__global__ void gn_silu_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group,\n float eps, bool affine) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n sum += v;\n sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float var = total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n int c_local = i / HW;\n int c = c_start + c_local;\n float v = (x[base + i] - mean) * invstd;\n if (affine) {\n v = fmaf(v, weight[c], bias[c]);\n }\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n y[base + i] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int C = (int)x.size(1);\n int H = (int)x.size(2);\n int W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n int N = (int)x.size(0);\n int channels_per_group = C / G;\n int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W;\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* wptr = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n const float* bptr = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n gn_silu_kernel<BLOCK><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), wptr, bptr, y.data_ptr<float>(),\n C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps, affine);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v2c', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__()\n assert num_channels % num_groups == 0\n self.num_channels = num_channels\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n self.eps = eps\n self.affine = affine\n self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n else:\n dummy = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, dummy, dummy, self.num_groups, self.eps, False)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['1514.385254', '1518.130493', '1470.855103', '1690.246094', '1365.895264'] avg_difference: ['121.913734', '122.029625', '121.883034', '121.798805', '121.854942']
turn 415.4s turn · 15.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n static __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n v = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n __syncthreads();\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__global__ void gn_silu_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps, bool affine) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n sum += v;\n sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float var = total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n int c = c_start + i / HW;\n float v = (x[base + i] - mean) * invstd;\n if (affine) v = fmaf(v, weight[c], bias[c]);\n y[base + i] = v / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n int channels_per_group = C / G;\n int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W;\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gn_silu_kernel<BLOCK><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,\n affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps, affine);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v3c', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__()\n assert num_channels % num_groups == 0\n self.num_channels = num_channels\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n self.eps = eps\n self.affine = affine\n self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n dummy = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, dummy, dummy, self.num_groups, self.eps, False)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['1514.385254', '1518.130493', '1470.855103', '1690.246094', '1365.895264'] avg_difference: ['121.913734', '122.029625', '121.883034', '121.798805', '121.854942']
turn 524.8s turn · 24.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = shared[0];\n __syncthreads();\n return val;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__global__ void gn_silu_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps, bool affine) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n sum += v;\n sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float var = total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n int c = c_start + i / HW;\n float v = (x[base + i] - mean) * invstd;\n if (affine) v = fmaf(v, weight[c], bias[c]);\n y[base + i] = v / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n int channels_per_group = C / G;\n int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W;\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gn_silu_kernel<BLOCK><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,\n affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps, affine);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v4c', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__()\n assert num_channels % num_groups == 0\n self.num_channels = num_channels\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n self.eps = eps\n self.affine = affine\n self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n dummy = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, dummy, dummy, self.num_groups, self.eps, False)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.43e-06 mean_abs_err=2.68e-08 max_rel_err=8.97e-03
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 8.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 6,599 chars (click to expand)
turn 68.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = shared[0];\n __syncthreads();\n return val;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__global__ void gn_silu_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps, bool affine) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n sum += v;\n sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float var = total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n int c = c_start + i / HW;\n float v = (x[base + i] - mean) * invstd;\n if (affine) v = fmaf(v, weight[c], bias[c]);\n y[base + i] = v / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n int channels_per_group = C / G;\n int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W;\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gn_silu_kernel<BLOCK><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr,\n affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps, affine);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v4p', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__()\n assert num_channels % num_groups == 0\n self.num_channels = num_channels\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n self.eps = eps\n self.affine = affine\n self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n dummy = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, dummy, dummy, self.num_groups, self.eps, False)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty_like 62.0μs (77%) calls=1 #2: aten::empty_strided 19.0μs (23%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 8.67 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 545.9/3350 GB/s (16.3%) read=545.9 write=0.0 GB/s Hit rates: L2=56.2% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=11.5% Pipe util: FMA=11.5%, Tensor=0.4% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 23.6% Eligible warps/cycle: 0.45 WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism Launch: regs/thread=32, smem/blk=1152B, block=256, grid=256 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 2.50 sectors/req (2.5x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 513.6% #################### short_scoreboard 103.9% #################### mio_throttle 9.7% # --- Optimization Hints --- -> 514% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=2.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=2.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 3x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Low occupancy (24%). Consider __launch_bounds__ or reducing register pressure. -> Low eligible warps + low BW% + low compute% = LATENCY-BOUND. Need more parallelism (larger grid, more ILP, prefetching).
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 32.7s turn · 32.7s LLM · 8,811 chars (click to expand)
turn 732.7s turn · 32.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering loop overhead** I’m thinking about how the loop overhead adds 8 times 3 iterations. Each thread is currently working with 18 iterations, and they are contiguous across the group. It’s interesting that the warp crosses channel boundaries but remains contiguous, which might impact performance. I wonder how this configuration will affect overall efficiency and if there are improvements that might be achieved by reworking thread allocation or iteration strategy. It feels complex, but I’m curious to dive deeper!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = shared[0];\n __syncthreads();\n return val;\n}\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v) {\n return v / (1.0f + expf(-v));\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n int base4 = base >> 2;\n int e4 = elems_per_group >> 2;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < e4; i += BLOCK) {\n float4 r = x4[base4 + i];\n sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w;\n sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float var = total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean;\n float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(var, 0.0f) + eps);\n\n int HW4 = HW >> 2;\n for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) {\n float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f;\n if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; }\n int off4 = base4 + cl * HW4;\n for (int j = threadIdx.x; j < HW4; j += BLOCK) {\n float4 r = x4[off4 + j];\n r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w);\n y4[off4 + j] = r;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) {\n float v = x[base + i]; sum += v; sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);\n float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group;\n float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) {\n float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f;\n if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; }\n int off = base + cl * HW;\n for (int s = threadIdx.x; s < HW; s += BLOCK) {\n float v = fmaf((x[off + s] - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n y[off + s] = silu_f(v);\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n int channels_per_group = C / G;\n int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W;\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* w = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n const float* b = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n if (((H * W) & 3) == 0) {\n if (affine) gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps);\n else gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps);\n } else {\n if (affine) gn_silu_scalar_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps);\n else gn_silu_scalar_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v5c', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__()\n assert num_channels % num_groups == 0\n self.num_channels = num_channels\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n self.eps = eps\n self.affine = affine\n self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n dummy = torch.empty(0, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)\n return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, dummy, dummy, self.num_groups, self.eps, False)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.43e-06 mean_abs_err=2.71e-08 max_rel_err=7.03e-03
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.1s turn · 14.1s LLM · 9,245 chars (click to expand)
turn 814.1s turn · 14.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = shared[0];\n __syncthreads();\n return val;\n}\n__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v) { return v / (1.0f + expf(-v)); }\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G, int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x; int n = group_id / G; int g = group_id - n * G; int HW = H * W; int c_start = g * channels_per_group; int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W; int base4 = base >> 2; int e4 = elems_per_group >> 2;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x); float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < e4; i += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[base4 + i]; sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w; sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq); }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum); float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq); float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group; float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n int HW4 = HW >> 2;\n for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) { float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f; if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; } int off4 = base4 + cl * HW4; for (int j = threadIdx.x; j < HW4; j += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[off4 + j]; r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w); y4[off4 + j] = r; } }\n}\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G, int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x; int n = group_id / G; int g = group_id - n * G; int HW = H * W; int c_start = g * channels_per_group; int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W; float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f; for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < elems_per_group; i += BLOCK) { float v = x[base + i]; sum += v; sumsq = fmaf(v, v, sumsq); } float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum); float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq); float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group; float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps); for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) { float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f; if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; } int off = base + cl * HW; for (int s = threadIdx.x; s < HW; s += BLOCK) { float v = fmaf((x[off + s] - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); y[off + s] = silu_f(v); } }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x); int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3); int G = (int)num_groups; int channels_per_group = C / G; int elems_per_group = channels_per_group * H * W; const int BLOCK = 256; cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float* w = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr; const float* b = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr; if (((H * W) & 3) == 0) { if (affine) gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps); else gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps); } else { if (affine) gn_silu_scalar_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps); else gn_silu_scalar_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C, H, W, G, elems_per_group, channels_per_group, (float)eps); } return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v5p', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels: int, num_groups: int, eps: float = 1e-5, affine: bool = True):\n super().__init__(); assert num_channels % num_groups == 0; self.num_channels=num_channels; self.num_groups=num_groups; self.eps=eps; self.affine=affine; self.norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=num_channels, eps=eps, affine=affine)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine: return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x, self.norm.weight, self.norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.eps, True)\n dummy=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,dummy,dummy,self.num_groups,self.eps,False)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty_like 61.0μs (66%) calls=1 #2: aten::empty_strided 31.0μs (34%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 7.20 μs [↓1.5μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 657.8/3350 GB/s (19.6%) [↑3.3% ok] read=657.8 write=0.0 GB/s Hit rates: L2=56.5% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=9.5% [↓2.0% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=9.5%, Tensor=0.3% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 20.9% [↓2.7% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 0.32 WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism Launch: regs/thread=40, smem/blk=1152B, block=256, grid=256 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 7.90 sectors/req (7.9x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 535.6% #################### short_scoreboard 125.2% #################### mio_throttle 18.2% ### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 536% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=7.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=7.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 8x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Low occupancy (21%). Consider __launch_bounds__ or reducing register pressure. -> Low eligible warps + low BW% + low compute% = LATENCY-BOUND. Need more parallelism (larger grid, more ILP, prefetching). --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 8.67→7.20μs (↓1.47) ok DRAM BW%: 16.29→19.64% (↑3.34) ok Compute%: 11.47→9.50% (↓1.98) REGRESSED Occupancy: 23.61→20.88% (↓2.73) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 0.45→0.32 (↓0.13) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 2.50→7.90 (↑5.40) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 56.23→56.47% (↑0.23) ok
turn 915.6s turn · 15.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\ncuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v){#pragma unroll\n for(int o=16;o>0;o>>=1)v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,o);return v;}\ntemplate<int BLOCK> __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v){__shared__ float shared[32];int lane=threadIdx.x&31,wid=threadIdx.x>>5;v=warp_reduce_sum(v);if(lane==0)shared[wid]=v;__syncthreads();float val=(threadIdx.x<(BLOCK>>5))?shared[lane]:0.0f;if(wid==0)val=warp_reduce_sum(val);if(threadIdx.x==0)shared[0]=val;__syncthreads();val=shared[0];__syncthreads();return val;}\n__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v){return v/(1.0f+expf(-v));}\ntemplate<int BLOCK,bool AFFINE> __global__ void kern(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ w,const float* __restrict__ b,float* __restrict__ y,int C,int H,int W,int G,int elems,int cpg,float eps){int gid=blockIdx.x;int n=gid/G;int g=gid-n*G;int HW=H*W;int cs=g*cpg;int base=((n*C+cs)*H)*W;int base4=base>>2;int e4=elems>>2;const float4* x4=(const float4*)x;float4* y4=(float4*)y;float sum=0,sq=0;for(int i=threadIdx.x;i<e4;i+=BLOCK){float4 r=x4[base4+i];sum+=r.x+r.y+r.z+r.w;sq=fmaf(r.x,r.x,sq);sq=fmaf(r.y,r.y,sq);sq=fmaf(r.z,r.z,sq);sq=fmaf(r.w,r.w,sq);}float total=block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);float total2=block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sq);float mean=total/(float)elems;float inv=rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2/(float)elems-mean*mean,0.0f)+eps);int HW4=HW>>2;for(int cl=0;cl<cpg;++cl){float ww=1,bb=0;if(AFFINE){ww=w[cs+cl];bb=b[cs+cl];}int off4=base4+cl*HW4;for(int j=threadIdx.x;j<HW4;j+=BLOCK){float4 r=x4[off4+j];r.x=fmaf((r.x-mean)*inv,ww,bb);r.y=fmaf((r.y-mean)*inv,ww,bb);r.z=fmaf((r.z-mean)*inv,ww,bb);r.w=fmaf((r.w-mean)*inv,ww,bb);r.x=silu_f(r.x);r.y=silu_f(r.y);r.z=silu_f(r.z);r.w=silu_f(r.w);y4[off4+j]=r;}}}\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x,torch::Tensor weight,torch::Tensor bias,int64_t num_groups,double eps,bool affine){auto y=torch::empty_like(x);int N=x.size(0),C=x.size(1),H=x.size(2),W=x.size(3),G=num_groups;int cpg=C/G,elems=cpg*H*W;const int BLOCK=128;auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();const float*w=affine?weight.data_ptr<float>():nullptr;const float*b=affine?bias.data_ptr<float>():nullptr;if(affine)kern<BLOCK,true><<<N*G,BLOCK,0,stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),w,b,y.data_ptr<float>(),C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);else kern<BLOCK,false><<<N*G,BLOCK,0,stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),w,b,y.data_ptr<float>(),C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);return y;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_b128p',cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'],verbose=False,extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'],extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,num_channels:int,num_groups:int,eps:float=1e-5,affine:bool=True):\n super().__init__();assert num_channels%num_groups==0;self.num_groups=num_groups;self.eps=eps;self.affine=affine;self.norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups,num_channels,eps=eps,affine=affine)\n def forward(self,x):\n if self.affine:return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,self.norm.weight,self.norm.bias,self.num_groups,self.eps,True)\n d=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype);return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,d,d,self.num_groups,self.eps,False)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (fail)
failprofile_kernel profile_kernel FAILED: worker exited with code 1. /KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_5a6209af4750/gn_silu_ext_b128p/cuda.cu(9): error: expected an expression float warp_reduce_sum(float v){#pragma unroll ^ 2 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_5a6209af4750/gn_silu_ext_b128p/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 10 · 1 tool call(s) · 22.2s turn · 22.2s LLM · 7,987 chars (click to expand)
turn 1022.2s turn · 22.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = shared[0];\n __syncthreads();\n return val;\n}\n__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v) { return v / (1.0f + expf(-v)); }\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ y, float eps) {\n int gid = blockIdx.x;\n int n = gid >> 5;\n int g = gid & 31;\n int c_start = g << 3;\n int base4 = n * 36864 + g * 1152;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < 1152; i += BLOCK) {\n float4 r = x4[base4 + i];\n sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w;\n sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);\n float mean = total * (1.0f / 4608.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 * (1.0f / 4608.0f) - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n\n if (threadIdx.x < 144) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int cl = 0; cl < 8; ++cl) {\n float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f;\n if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; }\n int idx = base4 + cl * 144 + threadIdx.x;\n float4 r = x4[idx];\n r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w);\n y4[idx] = r;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n int base4 = base >> 2;\n int e4 = elems_per_group >> 2;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < e4; i += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[base4 + i]; sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w; sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq); }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum); float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq); float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group; float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n int HW4 = HW >> 2;\n for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) { float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f; if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; } int off4 = base4 + cl * HW4; for (int j = threadIdx.x; j < HW4; j += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[off4 + j]; r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w); y4[off4 + j] = r; } }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n const float* w = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n const float* b = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n if (C == 256 && H == 24 && W == 24 && G == 32) {\n if (affine) gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);\n else gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);\n } else {\n int cpg = C / G; int elems = cpg * H * W;\n if (affine) gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);\n else gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v6c', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels:int, num_groups:int, eps:float=1e-5, affine:bool=True):\n super().__init__(); assert num_channels % num_groups == 0; self.num_groups=num_groups; self.eps=eps; self.affine=affine; self.norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups,num_channels=num_channels,eps=eps,affine=affine)\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine: return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,self.norm.weight,self.norm.bias,self.num_groups,self.eps,True)\n d=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,d,d,self.num_groups,self.eps,False)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.43e-06 mean_abs_err=2.71e-08 max_rel_err=7.03e-03
turn 119.4s turn · 9.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) { #pragma unroll for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset); return v; }\ntemplate<int BLOCK> __inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) { __shared__ float shared[32]; int lane=threadIdx.x&31; int wid=threadIdx.x>>5; v=warp_reduce_sum(v); if(lane==0) shared[wid]=v; __syncthreads(); float val=(threadIdx.x<(BLOCK>>5))?shared[lane]:0.0f; if(wid==0) val=warp_reduce_sum(val); if(threadIdx.x==0) shared[0]=val; __syncthreads(); val=shared[0]; __syncthreads(); return val; }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v){return v/(1.0f+expf(-v));}\ntemplate<int BLOCK,bool AFFINE> __global__ void gn_silu_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ weight,const float* __restrict__ bias,float* __restrict__ y,float eps){int gid=blockIdx.x;int n=gid>>5;int g=gid&31;int c_start=g<<3;int base4=n*36864+g*1152;const float4* __restrict__ x4=(const float4*)x;float4* __restrict__ y4=(float4*)y;float sum=0.0f,sumsq=0.0f;for(int i=threadIdx.x;i<1152;i+=BLOCK){float4 r=x4[base4+i];sum+=r.x+r.y+r.z+r.w;sumsq=fmaf(r.x,r.x,sumsq);sumsq=fmaf(r.y,r.y,sumsq);sumsq=fmaf(r.z,r.z,sumsq);sumsq=fmaf(r.w,r.w,sumsq);}float total=block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);float total2=block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);float mean=total*(1.0f/4608.0f);float invstd=rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2*(1.0f/4608.0f)-mean*mean,0.0f)+eps);if(threadIdx.x<144){#pragma unroll\nfor(int cl=0;cl<8;++cl){float ww=1.0f,bb=0.0f;if(AFFINE){ww=weight[c_start+cl];bb=bias[c_start+cl];}int idx=base4+cl*144+threadIdx.x;float4 r=x4[idx];r.x=fmaf((r.x-mean)*invstd,ww,bb);r.y=fmaf((r.y-mean)*invstd,ww,bb);r.z=fmaf((r.z-mean)*invstd,ww,bb);r.w=fmaf((r.w-mean)*invstd,ww,bb);r.x=silu_f(r.x);r.y=silu_f(r.y);r.z=silu_f(r.z);r.w=silu_f(r.w);y4[idx]=r;}}}\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x,torch::Tensor weight,torch::Tensor bias,int64_t num_groups,double eps,bool affine){auto y=torch::empty_like(x);int N=(int)x.size(0),C=(int)x.size(1),H=(int)x.size(2),W=(int)x.size(3);auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();const int BLOCK=256;const float*w=affine?weight.data_ptr<float>():nullptr;const float*b=affine?bias.data_ptr<float>():nullptr;if(affine)gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK,true><<<N*32,BLOCK,0,stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),w,b,y.data_ptr<float>(),(float)eps);else gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK,false><<<N*32,BLOCK,0,stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),w,b,y.data_ptr<float>(),(float)eps);return y;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_v6p',cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'],verbose=False,extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'],extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,num_channels:int,num_groups:int,eps:float=1e-5,affine:bool=True):\n super().__init__();assert num_channels%num_groups==0;self.num_groups=num_groups;self.eps=eps;self.affine=affine;self.norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups,num_channels=num_channels,eps=eps,affine=affine)\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine:return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,self.norm.weight,self.norm.bias,self.num_groups,self.eps,True)\n d=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype);return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,d,d,self.num_groups,self.eps,False)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (fail)
failprofile_kernel profile_kernel FAILED: worker exited with code 1. ^ 5 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_28_cache/k_6f2362c823ba/gn_silu_ext_v6p/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 12 · 1 tool call(s) · 18.0s turn · 18.0s LLM · 7,881 chars (click to expand)
turn 1218.0s turn · 18.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = shared[0];\n __syncthreads();\n return val;\n}\n__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v) { return v / (1.0f + expf(-v)); }\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ y, float eps) {\n int gid = blockIdx.x;\n int n = gid >> 5;\n int g = gid & 31;\n int c_start = g << 3;\n int base4 = n * 36864 + g * 1152;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < 1152; i += BLOCK) {\n float4 r = x4[base4 + i];\n sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w;\n sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);\n float mean = total * (1.0f / 4608.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 * (1.0f / 4608.0f) - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n\n if (threadIdx.x < 144) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int cl = 0; cl < 8; ++cl) {\n float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f;\n if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; }\n int idx = base4 + cl * 144 + threadIdx.x;\n float4 r = x4[idx];\n r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w);\n y4[idx] = r;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n int base4 = base >> 2;\n int e4 = elems_per_group >> 2;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < e4; i += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[base4 + i]; sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w; sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq); }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum); float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq); float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group; float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n int HW4 = HW >> 2;\n for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) { float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f; if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; } int off4 = base4 + cl * HW4; for (int j = threadIdx.x; j < HW4; j += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[off4 + j]; r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w); y4[off4 + j] = r; } }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n const float* w = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n const float* b = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n if (C == 256 && H == 24 && W == 24 && G == 32) {\n if (affine) gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);\n else gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);\n } else {\n int cpg = C / G; int elems = cpg * H * W;\n if (affine) gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);\n else gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels:int, num_groups:int, eps:float=1e-5, affine:bool=True):\n super().__init__(); assert num_channels % num_groups == 0; self.num_groups=num_groups; self.eps=eps; self.affine=affine; self.norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups,num_channels=num_channels,eps=eps,affine=affine)\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine: return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,self.norm.weight,self.norm.bias,self.num_groups,self.eps,True)\n d=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,d,d,self.num_groups,self.eps,False)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 13 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 14.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 8,183 chars (click to expand)
turn 1314.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK>\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n v = warp_reduce_sum(v);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = shared[0];\n __syncthreads();\n return val;\n}\n__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v) { return v / (1.0f + expf(-v)); }\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ y, float eps) {\n int gid = blockIdx.x;\n int n = gid >> 5;\n int g = gid & 31;\n int c_start = g << 3;\n int base4 = n * 36864 + g * 1152;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < 1152; i += BLOCK) {\n float4 r = x4[base4 + i];\n sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w;\n sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq);\n sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq);\n }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);\n float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);\n float mean = total * (1.0f / 4608.0f);\n float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 * (1.0f / 4608.0f) - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n\n if (threadIdx.x < 144) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int cl = 0; cl < 8; ++cl) {\n float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f;\n if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; }\n int idx = base4 + cl * 144 + threadIdx.x;\n float4 r = x4[idx];\n r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);\n r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w);\n y4[idx] = r;\n }\n }\n}\n\ntemplate<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>\n__global__ void gn_silu_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,\n int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {\n int group_id = blockIdx.x;\n int n = group_id / G;\n int g = group_id - n * G;\n int HW = H * W;\n int c_start = g * channels_per_group;\n int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;\n int base4 = base >> 2;\n int e4 = elems_per_group >> 2;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < e4; i += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[base4 + i]; sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w; sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq); }\n float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum); float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq); float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group; float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);\n int HW4 = HW >> 2;\n for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) { float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f; if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; } int off4 = base4 + cl * HW4; for (int j = threadIdx.x; j < HW4; j += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[off4 + j]; r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w); y4[off4 + j] = r; } }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);\n int G = (int)num_groups;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const int BLOCK = 256;\n const float* w = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n const float* b = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;\n if (C == 256 && H == 24 && W == 24 && G == 32) {\n if (affine) gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);\n else gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);\n } else {\n int cpg = C / G; int elems = cpg * H * W;\n if (affine) gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);\n else gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_channels:int, num_groups:int, eps:float=1e-5, affine:bool=True):\n super().__init__(); assert num_channels % num_groups == 0; self.num_groups=num_groups; self.eps=eps; self.affine=affine; self.norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups,num_channels=num_channels,eps=eps,affine=affine)\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor:\n if self.affine: return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,self.norm.weight,self.norm.bias,self.num_groups,self.eps,True)\n d=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,d,d,self.num_groups,self.eps,False)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 0.01 μs Runtime stats: mean=0.01μs median=?μs std=0.00μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.43e-06 mean_abs_err=2.71e-08 max_rel_err=7.03e-03 Memory: 9.0 MB peak (ref: 13.5 MB, ratio: 0.6668x) Kernel launches: 2 (ref: 12, fusion ratio: 6.0) SOL score: 0.2264
final submitted kernel (128 lines, 6,753 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine);
'''

cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {
    #pragma unroll
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, offset);
    return v;
}

template<int BLOCK>
__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float v) {
    __shared__ float shared[32];
    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
    int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
    v = warp_reduce_sum(v);
    if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = v;
    __syncthreads();
    float val = (threadIdx.x < (BLOCK >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;
    if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);
    if (threadIdx.x == 0) shared[0] = val;
    __syncthreads();
    val = shared[0];
    __syncthreads();
    return val;
}
__device__ __forceinline__ float silu_f(float v) { return v / (1.0f + expf(-v)); }

template<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>
__global__ void gn_silu_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ y, float eps) {
    int gid = blockIdx.x;
    int n = gid >> 5;
    int g = gid & 31;
    int c_start = g << 3;
    int base4 = n * 36864 + g * 1152;
    const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);
    float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);
    float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;
    #pragma unroll
    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < 1152; i += BLOCK) {
        float4 r = x4[base4 + i];
        sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w;
        sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq);
        sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq);
        sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq);
        sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq);
    }
    float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum);
    float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq);
    float mean = total * (1.0f / 4608.0f);
    float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 * (1.0f / 4608.0f) - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);

    if (threadIdx.x < 144) {
        #pragma unroll
        for (int cl = 0; cl < 8; ++cl) {
            float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f;
            if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; }
            int idx = base4 + cl * 144 + threadIdx.x;
            float4 r = x4[idx];
            r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);
            r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);
            r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);
            r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb);
            r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w);
            y4[idx] = r;
        }
    }
}

template<int BLOCK, bool AFFINE>
__global__ void gn_silu_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ weight, const float* __restrict__ bias,
                                    float* __restrict__ y, int C, int H, int W, int G,
                                    int elems_per_group, int channels_per_group, float eps) {
    int group_id = blockIdx.x;
    int n = group_id / G;
    int g = group_id - n * G;
    int HW = H * W;
    int c_start = g * channels_per_group;
    int base = ((n * C + c_start) * H) * W;
    int base4 = base >> 2;
    int e4 = elems_per_group >> 2;
    const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);
    float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);
    float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;
    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < e4; i += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[base4 + i]; sum += r.x + r.y + r.z + r.w; sumsq = fmaf(r.x, r.x, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.y, r.y, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.z, r.z, sumsq); sumsq = fmaf(r.w, r.w, sumsq); }
    float total = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sum); float total2 = block_reduce_sum<BLOCK>(sumsq); float mean = total / (float)elems_per_group; float invstd = rsqrtf(fmaxf(total2 / (float)elems_per_group - mean * mean, 0.0f) + eps);
    int HW4 = HW >> 2;
    for (int cl = 0; cl < channels_per_group; ++cl) { float ww = 1.0f, bb = 0.0f; if (AFFINE) { ww = weight[c_start + cl]; bb = bias[c_start + cl]; } int off4 = base4 + cl * HW4; for (int j = threadIdx.x; j < HW4; j += BLOCK) { float4 r = x4[off4 + j]; r.x = fmaf((r.x - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.y = fmaf((r.y - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.z = fmaf((r.z - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.w = fmaf((r.w - mean) * invstd, ww, bb); r.x = silu_f(r.x); r.y = silu_f(r.y); r.z = silu_f(r.z); r.w = silu_f(r.w); y4[off4 + j] = r; } }
}

torch::Tensor groupnorm_silu_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, int64_t num_groups, double eps, bool affine) {
    auto y = torch::empty_like(x);
    int N = (int)x.size(0), C = (int)x.size(1), H = (int)x.size(2), W = (int)x.size(3);
    int G = (int)num_groups;
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    const int BLOCK = 256;
    const float* w = affine ? weight.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;
    const float* b = affine ? bias.data_ptr<float>() : nullptr;
    if (C == 256 && H == 24 && W == 24 && G == 32) {
        if (affine) gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);
        else gn_silu_fixed_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * 32, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), (float)eps);
    } else {
        int cpg = C / G; int elems = cpg * H * W;
        if (affine) gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, true><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);
        else gn_silu_vec4_kernel<BLOCK, false><<<N * G, BLOCK, 0, stream>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), w, b, y.data_ptr<float>(), C,H,W,G,elems,cpg,(float)eps);
    }
    return y;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(name='gn_silu_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['groupnorm_silu_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'])
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_channels:int, num_groups:int, eps:float=1e-5, affine:bool=True):
        super().__init__(); assert num_channels % num_groups == 0; self.num_groups=num_groups; self.eps=eps; self.affine=affine; self.norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups,num_channels=num_channels,eps=eps,affine=affine)
    def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor:
        if self.affine: return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,self.norm.weight,self.norm.bias,self.num_groups,self.eps,True)
        d=torch.empty(0,device=x.device,dtype=x.dtype); return _ext.groupnorm_silu_forward(x,d,d,self.num_groups,self.eps,False)