gpt-5.5-priority · popcorn · l12_all_gpt
correct 14_TriangularMultiplicativeUpdateOutgoing.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
12 / 15
tool calls
12
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
popcorn
runtime
0.14 μs
ref runtime
0.41 μs
speedup
2.98x
started
2026-05-04T03:13:05Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
0.14 μs
ref runtime
0.41 μs
speedup
2.98x
kernel mean / median / std
0.14 / — / 5.41e-04 μs
ref mean / median / std
0.41 / — / 1.34 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
7.15e-07
mean abs error
6.78e-08
max rel error
0.29
mean rel error
2.55e-06
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
34.63 MB
ref peak
36.13 MB
kernel / ref
0.96x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
2
ref launches
101
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
50.50x
total cuda time
63 μs
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.008
dram util %
0.8%
compute util %
0.0%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe
None
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
26.28 GB/s
dram util %
0.8%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
49.7%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe %
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
171.1%
ld sectors / req
45.45
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
80
smem / block
3072 B
block size
128
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
5833.3%
mio_throttle
5111.0%
short_scoreboard
853.9%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F


class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Triangular multiplicative update – outgoing edges.
    From AlphaFold2 Evoformer: updates pair (i,j) by aggregating over the
    shared index k via element-wise products of projected pair values along
    edges (i,k) and (j,k).
    """

    def __init__(self, pair_dim, hidden_dim):
        super().__init__()
        self.layer_norm_in = nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim)
        self.proj_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)
        self.gate_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)
        self.proj_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)
        self.gate_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)
        self.layer_norm_out = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim)
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, pair_dim)
        self.out_gate = nn.Linear(pair_dim, pair_dim)

    def forward(self, pair_repr: torch.Tensor, pair_mask: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Args:
            pair_repr: (B, N, N, pair_dim)
            pair_mask: (B, N, N, 1)
        Returns:
            updated pair representation (B, N, N, pair_dim)
        """
        mask = pair_mask.unsqueeze(-1)
        x = self.layer_norm_in(pair_repr)

        a = self.proj_a(x) * torch.sigmoid(self.gate_a(x)) * mask  # (B, N, N, H)
        b = self.proj_b(x) * torch.sigmoid(self.gate_b(x)) * mask

        # Outgoing: aggregate over k with a[i,k] * b[j,k]
        out = torch.einsum("bikh,bjkh->bijh", a, b)

        out = self.layer_norm_out(out)
        out = self.out_proj(out)
        out = torch.sigmoid(self.out_gate(pair_repr)) * out
        return out


pair_dim = 64
hidden_dim = 32
seq_len = 32
batch_size = 2


def get_inputs():
    p = popcorn_pri
    pair_repr = torch.randn(p.jitter_int(batch_size), p.jitter_int(seq_len), p.jitter_int(seq_len), pair_dim)
    pair_mask = torch.ones(p.jitter_int(batch_size), p.jitter_int(seq_len), p.jitter_int(seq_len))
    return [pair_repr, pair_mask]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [pair_dim, hidden_dim]
turn 027.2s turn · 27.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 68.3s turn · 68.3s LLM · 10,345 chars (click to expand)
turn 168.3s turn · 68.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering pair representation** I’m thinking about how to approach the pair representation and whether it's contiguous. I can call an extension using pair_repr and pair_mask. If it's not contiguous, it’s likely contiguous in that case. I really want to avoid using try and except, which makes things a bit messy. Maybe I should call .contiguous()? This might copy, but I’m not sure. If the pair_mask shape is (B,N,N), that looks like it will work nicely. Let’s compile this!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n#define PD 64\n#define HD 32\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sigmoidf_fast(float x) {\n return 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-x));\n}\n\n__global__ void compute_ab_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ mask,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_b,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_b,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_b,\n float* __restrict__ a,\n float* __restrict__ b,\n int total_edges) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n if (edge >= total_edges) return;\n __shared__ float sx[PD];\n __shared__ float red[64];\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float v = 0.0f;\n if (t < PD) { v = xptr[t]; red[t] = v; }\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float mean = red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f);\n float diff = 0.0f;\n if (t < PD) { diff = v - mean; red[t] = diff * diff; }\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float inv = rsqrtf(red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n if (t < PD) sx[t] = diff * inv * ln_w[t] + ln_b[t];\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (t < HD) {\n float spa = pa_b[t], sga = ga_b[t], spb = pb_b[t], sgb = gb_b[t];\n const float* paw = pa_w + t * PD;\n const float* gaw = ga_w + t * PD;\n const float* pbw = pb_w + t * PD;\n const float* gbw = gb_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) {\n float xv = sx[d];\n spa = fmaf(paw[d], xv, spa);\n sga = fmaf(gaw[d], xv, sga);\n spb = fmaf(pbw[d], xv, spb);\n sgb = fmaf(gbw[d], xv, sgb);\n }\n float m = mask[edge];\n int out_idx = edge * HD + t;\n a[out_idx] = spa * sigmoidf_fast(sga) * m;\n b[out_idx] = spb * sigmoidf_fast(sgb) * m;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void final_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ a,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ op_w,\n const float* __restrict__ op_b,\n const float* __restrict__ og_w,\n const float* __restrict__ og_b,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int N, int total_pairs) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n if (edge >= total_pairs) return;\n int n2 = N * N;\n int bb = edge / n2;\n int rem = edge - bb * n2;\n int i = rem / N;\n int j = rem - i * N;\n __shared__ float sh[64];\n if (t < HD) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n int abase = ((bb * N + i) * N) * HD + t;\n int bbase = ((bb * N + j) * N) * HD + t;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {\n sum = fmaf(a[abase + k * HD], b[bbase + k * HD], sum);\n }\n sh[t] = sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n // Thread 0 computes the small layernorm statistics and normalized hidden vector.\n if (t == 0) {\n float mean = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) mean += sh[h];\n mean *= (1.0f / 32.0f);\n float var = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) { float d = sh[h] - mean; var += d * d; }\n float inv = rsqrtf(var * (1.0f / 32.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) sh[h] = (sh[h] - mean) * inv * ln_w[h] + ln_b[h];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if (t < PD) {\n float y = op_b[t];\n const float* opw = op_w + t * HD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) y = fmaf(opw[h], sh[h], y);\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float g = og_b[t];\n const float* ogw = og_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) g = fmaf(ogw[d], xptr[d], g);\n out[edge * PD + t] = sigmoidf_fast(g) * y;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b) {\n int B = pair_repr.size(0);\n int N = pair_repr.size(1);\n int total = B * N * N;\n auto opts_ab = pair_repr.options();\n auto a = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, opts_ab);\n auto bb = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, opts_ab);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, N, N, PD}, opts_ab);\n dim3 block1(64);\n dim3 grid(total);\n compute_ab_kernel<<<grid, block1>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n dim3 block2(64);\n final_kernel<<<grid, block2>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(), B, N, total);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v1\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, pair_dim, hidden_dim):\n super().__init__()\n self.layer_norm_in = nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim)\n self.proj_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.proj_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.layer_norm_out = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim)\n self.out_proj = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, pair_dim)\n self.out_gate = nn.Linear(pair_dim, pair_dim)\n def forward(self, pair_repr: torch.Tensor, pair_mask: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr, pair_mask,\n self.layer_norm_in.weight, self.layer_norm_in.bias,\n self.proj_a.weight, self.proj_a.bias,\n self.gate_a.weight, self.gate_a.bias,\n self.proj_b.weight, self.proj_b.bias,\n self.gate_b.weight, self.gate_b.bias,\n self.layer_norm_out.weight, self.layer_norm_out.bias,\n self.out_proj.weight, self.out_proj.bias,\n self.out_gate.weight, self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 18.4s turn · 18.4s LLM · 9,946 chars (click to expand)
turn 218.4s turn · 18.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n#define PD 64\n#define HD 32\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sigmoidf_fast(float x) {\n return 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-x));\n}\n\n__global__ void compute_ab_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ mask,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_b,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_b,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_b,\n float* __restrict__ a,\n float* __restrict__ b,\n int total_edges) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n if (edge >= total_edges) return;\n __shared__ float sx[PD];\n __shared__ float red[64];\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float v = 0.0f;\n if (t < PD) { v = xptr[t]; red[t] = v; }\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float mean = red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f);\n float diff = 0.0f;\n if (t < PD) { diff = v - mean; red[t] = diff * diff; }\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float inv = rsqrtf(red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n if (t < PD) sx[t] = diff * inv * ln_w[t] + ln_b[t];\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (t < HD) {\n float spa = pa_b[t], sga = ga_b[t], spb = pb_b[t], sgb = gb_b[t];\n const float* paw = pa_w + t * PD;\n const float* gaw = ga_w + t * PD;\n const float* pbw = pb_w + t * PD;\n const float* gbw = gb_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) {\n float xv = sx[d];\n spa = fmaf(paw[d], xv, spa);\n sga = fmaf(gaw[d], xv, sga);\n spb = fmaf(pbw[d], xv, spb);\n sgb = fmaf(gbw[d], xv, sgb);\n }\n float m = mask[edge];\n int out_idx = edge * HD + t;\n a[out_idx] = spa * sigmoidf_fast(sga) * m;\n b[out_idx] = spb * sigmoidf_fast(sgb) * m;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void final_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ a,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ op_w,\n const float* __restrict__ op_b,\n const float* __restrict__ og_w,\n const float* __restrict__ og_b,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int N, int total_pairs) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n if (edge >= total_pairs) return;\n int n2 = N * N;\n int bb = edge / n2;\n int rem = edge - bb * n2;\n int i = rem / N;\n int j = rem - i * N;\n __shared__ float sh[64];\n if (t < HD) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n int abase = ((bb * N + i) * N) * HD + t;\n int bbase = ((bb * N + j) * N) * HD + t;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {\n sum = fmaf(a[abase + k * HD], b[bbase + k * HD], sum);\n }\n sh[t] = sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n // Thread 0 computes the small layernorm statistics and normalized hidden vector.\n if (t == 0) {\n float mean = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) mean += sh[h];\n mean *= (1.0f / 32.0f);\n float var = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) { float d = sh[h] - mean; var += d * d; }\n float inv = rsqrtf(var * (1.0f / 32.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) sh[h] = (sh[h] - mean) * inv * ln_w[h] + ln_b[h];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if (t < PD) {\n float y = op_b[t];\n const float* opw = op_w + t * HD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) y = fmaf(opw[h], sh[h], y);\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float g = og_b[t];\n const float* ogw = og_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) g = fmaf(ogw[d], xptr[d], g);\n out[edge * PD + t] = sigmoidf_fast(g) * y;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b) {\n int B = pair_repr.size(0);\n int N = pair_repr.size(1);\n int total = B * N * N;\n auto opts_ab = pair_repr.options();\n auto a = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, opts_ab);\n auto bb = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, opts_ab);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, N, N, PD}, opts_ab);\n dim3 block1(64);\n dim3 grid(total);\n compute_ab_kernel<<<grid, block1>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n dim3 block2(64);\n final_kernel<<<grid, block2>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(), B, N, total);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v1\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, pair_dim, hidden_dim):\n super().__init__()\n self.layer_norm_in = nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim)\n self.proj_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.proj_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.layer_norm_out = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim)\n self.out_proj = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, pair_dim)\n self.out_gate = nn.Linear(pair_dim, pair_dim)\n def forward(self, pair_repr: torch.Tensor, pair_mask: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr, pair_mask,\n self.layer_norm_in.weight, self.layer_norm_in.bias,\n self.proj_a.weight, self.proj_a.bias,\n self.gate_a.weight, self.gate_a.bias,\n self.proj_b.weight, self.proj_b.bias,\n self.gate_b.weight, self.gate_b.bias,\n self.layer_norm_out.weight, self.layer_norm_out.bias,\n self.out_proj.weight, self.out_proj.bias,\n self.out_gate.weight, self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (3 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.005014', '0.039243'] avg_difference: ['0.000017', '0.000265']
turn 3 · 1 tool call(s) · 23.8s turn · 23.8s LLM · 9,919 chars (click to expand)
turn 323.8s turn · 23.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating initialization issues** I’m noticing that our differences in averages are small, but the maximum values are high, which could suggest an uninitialized state. The final kernel uses specific optimizations but needs some corrections, especially regarding sequence lengths. Maybe we should only examine failed trials? There seems to be an inconsistency due to hardcoding. If N varies, it might cause out-of-bounds errors. It might also help to remove the use of fast math functions to improve correctness.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n#define PD 64\n#define HD 32\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sigmoidf_dev(float x) {\n return 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-x));\n}\n\n__global__ void compute_ab_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ mask,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_b,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_b,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_b,\n float* __restrict__ a,\n float* __restrict__ b,\n int total_edges) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n __shared__ float sx[PD];\n __shared__ float red[64];\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float v = xptr[t];\n red[t] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float mean = red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f);\n float diff = v - mean;\n red[t] = diff * diff;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float inv = rsqrtf(red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n sx[t] = diff * inv * ln_w[t] + ln_b[t];\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (t < HD) {\n float spa = pa_b[t], sga = ga_b[t], spb = pb_b[t], sgb = gb_b[t];\n const float* paw = pa_w + t * PD;\n const float* gaw = ga_w + t * PD;\n const float* pbw = pb_w + t * PD;\n const float* gbw = gb_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) {\n float xv = sx[d];\n spa += paw[d] * xv;\n sga += gaw[d] * xv;\n spb += pbw[d] * xv;\n sgb += gbw[d] * xv;\n }\n float m = mask[edge];\n int out_idx = edge * HD + t;\n a[out_idx] = spa * sigmoidf_dev(sga) * m;\n b[out_idx] = spb * sigmoidf_dev(sgb) * m;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void final_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ a,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ op_w,\n const float* __restrict__ op_b,\n const float* __restrict__ og_w,\n const float* __restrict__ og_b,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N, int total_pairs) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n int n2 = N * N;\n int bb = edge / n2;\n int rem = edge - bb * n2;\n int i = rem / N;\n int j = rem - i * N;\n __shared__ float sh[64];\n if (t < HD) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n int abase = ((bb * N + i) * N) * HD + t;\n int bbase = ((bb * N + j) * N) * HD + t;\n for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k) {\n sum += a[abase + k * HD] * b[bbase + k * HD];\n }\n sh[t] = sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if (t == 0) {\n float mean = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) mean += sh[h];\n mean *= (1.0f / 32.0f);\n float var = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) { float d = sh[h] - mean; var += d * d; }\n float inv = rsqrtf(var * (1.0f / 32.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) sh[h] = (sh[h] - mean) * inv * ln_w[h] + ln_b[h];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if (t < PD) {\n float y = op_b[t];\n const float* opw = op_w + t * HD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) y += opw[h] * sh[h];\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float g = og_b[t];\n const float* ogw = og_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) g += ogw[d] * xptr[d];\n out[edge * PD + t] = sigmoidf_dev(g) * y;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b) {\n int B = pair_repr.size(0);\n int N = pair_repr.size(1);\n int total = B * N * N;\n auto a = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, pair_repr.options());\n auto bb = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, pair_repr.options());\n auto out = torch::empty({B, N, N, PD}, pair_repr.options());\n compute_ab_kernel<<<total, 64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n final_kernel<<<total, 64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(), N, total);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, pair_dim, hidden_dim):\n super().__init__()\n self.layer_norm_in = nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim)\n self.proj_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.proj_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.layer_norm_out = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim)\n self.out_proj = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, pair_dim)\n self.out_gate = nn.Linear(pair_dim, pair_dim)\n def forward(self, pair_repr: torch.Tensor, pair_mask: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr, pair_mask,\n self.layer_norm_in.weight, self.layer_norm_in.bias,\n self.proj_a.weight, self.proj_a.bias,\n self.gate_a.weight, self.gate_a.bias,\n self.proj_b.weight, self.proj_b.bias,\n self.gate_b.weight, self.gate_b.bias,\n self.layer_norm_out.weight, self.layer_norm_out.bias,\n self.out_proj.weight, self.out_proj.bias,\n self.out_gate.weight, self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.2s turn · 14.2s LLM · 9,538 chars (click to expand)
turn 414.2s turn · 14.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n#define PD 64\n#define HD 32\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sigmoidf_dev(float x) {\n return 1.0f / (1.0f + expf(-x));\n}\n\n__global__ void compute_ab_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ mask,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pa_b,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ga_b,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ pb_b,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_w,\n const float* __restrict__ gb_b,\n float* __restrict__ a,\n float* __restrict__ b,\n int total_edges) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n __shared__ float sx[PD];\n __shared__ float red[64];\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float v = xptr[t];\n red[t] = v;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float mean = red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f);\n float diff = v - mean;\n red[t] = diff * diff;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = 32; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (t < stride) red[t] += red[t + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float inv = rsqrtf(red[0] * (1.0f / 64.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n sx[t] = diff * inv * ln_w[t] + ln_b[t];\n __syncthreads();\n\n if (t < HD) {\n float spa = pa_b[t], sga = ga_b[t], spb = pb_b[t], sgb = gb_b[t];\n const float* paw = pa_w + t * PD;\n const float* gaw = ga_w + t * PD;\n const float* pbw = pb_w + t * PD;\n const float* gbw = gb_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) {\n float xv = sx[d];\n spa += paw[d] * xv;\n sga += gaw[d] * xv;\n spb += pbw[d] * xv;\n sgb += gbw[d] * xv;\n }\n float m = mask[edge];\n int out_idx = edge * HD + t;\n a[out_idx] = spa * sigmoidf_dev(sga) * m;\n b[out_idx] = spb * sigmoidf_dev(sgb) * m;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void final_kernel(const float* __restrict__ pair,\n const float* __restrict__ a,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_w,\n const float* __restrict__ ln_b,\n const float* __restrict__ op_w,\n const float* __restrict__ op_b,\n const float* __restrict__ og_w,\n const float* __restrict__ og_b,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int N, int total_pairs) {\n int edge = blockIdx.x;\n int t = threadIdx.x;\n int n2 = N * N;\n int bb = edge / n2;\n int rem = edge - bb * n2;\n int i = rem / N;\n int j = rem - i * N;\n __shared__ float sh[64];\n if (t < HD) {\n float sum = 0.0f;\n int abase = ((bb * N + i) * N) * HD + t;\n int bbase = ((bb * N + j) * N) * HD + t;\n for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k) {\n sum += a[abase + k * HD] * b[bbase + k * HD];\n }\n sh[t] = sum;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if (t == 0) {\n float mean = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) mean += sh[h];\n mean *= (1.0f / 32.0f);\n float var = 0.0f;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) { float d = sh[h] - mean; var += d * d; }\n float inv = rsqrtf(var * (1.0f / 32.0f) + 1.0e-5f);\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) sh[h] = (sh[h] - mean) * inv * ln_w[h] + ln_b[h];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n if (t < PD) {\n float y = op_b[t];\n const float* opw = op_w + t * HD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int h = 0; h < HD; ++h) y += opw[h] * sh[h];\n const float* xptr = pair + edge * PD;\n float g = og_b[t];\n const float* ogw = og_w + t * PD;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int d = 0; d < PD; ++d) g += ogw[d] * xptr[d];\n out[edge * PD + t] = sigmoidf_dev(g) * y;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask,\n torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b,\n torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b,\n torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b,\n torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b,\n torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b,\n torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b) {\n int B = pair_repr.size(0);\n int N = pair_repr.size(1);\n int total = B * N * N;\n auto a = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, pair_repr.options());\n auto bb = torch::empty({B, N, N, HD}, pair_repr.options());\n auto out = torch::empty({B, N, N, PD}, pair_repr.options());\n compute_ab_kernel<<<total, 64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(), gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n final_kernel<<<total, 64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(), a.data_ptr<float>(), bb.data_ptr<float>(),\n ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(), ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(), out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),\n out.data_ptr<float>(), N, total);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, pair_dim, hidden_dim):\n super().__init__()\n self.layer_norm_in = nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim)\n self.proj_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_a = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.proj_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.gate_b = nn.Linear(pair_dim, hidden_dim)\n self.layer_norm_out = nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim)\n self.out_proj = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, pair_dim)\n self.out_gate = nn.Linear(pair_dim, pair_dim)\n def forward(self, pair_repr: torch.Tensor, pair_mask: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr, pair_mask,\n self.layer_norm_in.weight, self.layer_norm_in.bias,\n self.proj_a.weight, self.proj_a.bias,\n self.gate_a.weight, self.gate_a.bias,\n self.proj_b.weight, self.proj_b.bias,\n self.gate_b.weight, self.gate_b.bias,\n self.layer_norm_out.weight, self.layer_norm_out.bias,\n self.out_proj.weight, self.out_proj.bias,\n self.out_gate.weight, self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (2 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.012067', '0.011449', '0.016509'] avg_difference: ['0.000040', '0.000050', '0.000062']
turn 5 · 1 tool call(s) · 22.2s turn · 22.2s LLM · 14,658 chars (click to expand)
turn 522.2s turn · 22.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Exploring layer normalization** I’m considering that the reductions tree order isn't sequential, which is interesting. With PyTorch, it seems that layer normalization for values less than or equal to 1024 might utilize block reductions. There’s also the question of tolerance. I'm thinking about output sensitivity; perhaps I should try calculating variance with the formula var = sumsq/n - mean^2 in the input kernel and output the natural logarithm. I definitely want the code to be concise!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n#define PD 64\n#define HD 32\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}\n__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();\n for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }\n float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float xn=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; sx[t]=xn; __syncthreads();\n if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64; #pragma unroll\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }\n}\n__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, bb=edge/n2, rem=edge-bb*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];\n if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((bb*N+i)*N)*32+t, bbx=((bb*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bbx+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();\n if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; #pragma unroll\n for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); #pragma unroll\n for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();\n if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; #pragma unroll\n for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; #pragma unroll\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}\n}\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto a=torch::empty({B,N,N,32},pair_repr.options()); auto b=torch::empty({B,N,N,32},pair_repr.options()); auto out=torch::empty({B,N,N,64},pair_repr.options()); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a.data_ptr<float>(),b.data_ptr<float>()); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a.data_ptr<float>(),b.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):\n super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)\n def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: kernel did not compile. Error building extension 'tri_mul_ext_v3': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=tri_mul_ext_v3 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=tri_mul_ext_v3 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=tri_mul_ext_v3 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(16): error: "#" not expected here if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(16): error: expected an expression if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(17): error: identifier "m" is undefined for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; } ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(22): error: "#" not expected here if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(22): error: expected an expression if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(23): error: identifier "mean" is undefined for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(23): error: "#" not expected here for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(23): error: expected an expression for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(25): error: "#" not expected here if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(25): error: expected an expression if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(26): error: "#" not expected here for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; #pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu(26): error: expected an expression for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; #pragma unroll ^ 12 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/popcorn/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_14_cache/k_7a6ff3b798ff/tri_mul_ext_v3/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.9s turn · 11.9s LLM · 6,932 chars (click to expand)
turn 611.9s turn · 11.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Testing code pragmas** I'm considering whether I need to fix the pragmas and newlines in my code. But I’m also thinking maybe it’s not strictly necessary. Let’s do a test with the variable using the full previous version first. This would help me see if any changes are actually needed. It's all about making sure everything runs smoothly, so I'll take it step by step and revisit it later if necessary!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}\n__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();\n for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }\n float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); sx[t]=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; __syncthreads();\n if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64;\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }\n}\n__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, batch=edge/n2, rem=edge-batch*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];\n if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((batch*N+i)*N)*32+t, bb=((batch*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bb+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();\n if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();\n if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}\n}\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto a=torch::empty({B,N,N,32},pair_repr.options()); auto b=torch::empty({B,N,N,32},pair_repr.options()); auto out=torch::empty({B,N,N,64},pair_repr.options()); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a.data_ptr<float>(),b.data_ptr<float>()); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a.data_ptr<float>(),b.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v3b\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):\n super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)\n def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.15e-07 mean_abs_err=6.78e-08 max_rel_err=2.86e-01
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 10.5s turn · 10.5s LLM · 8,372 chars (click to expand)
turn 710.5s turn · 10.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering performance optimization** I need to ensure I'm focusing on performance now. I should probably profile and submit my findings. Maybe there's room for optimization, so I'll think about how I can streamline things further. Profiling is definitely a step in the right direction. Okay, I’ll get started on these actions to enhance performance, ensuring everything is operating smoothly. Let’s see how well I can optimize this!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}\n__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();\n for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }\n float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); sx[t]=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; __syncthreads();\n if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64;\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }\n}\n__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, batch=edge/n2, rem=edge-batch*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];\n if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((batch*N+i)*N)*32+t, bb=((batch*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bb+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();\n if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();\n if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}\n}\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto a=torch::empty({B,N,N,32},pair_repr.options()); auto b=torch::empty({B,N,N,32},pair_repr.options()); auto out=torch::empty({B,N,N,64},pair_repr.options()); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a.data_ptr<float>(),b.data_ptr<float>()); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a.data_ptr<float>(),b.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v3b\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):\n super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)\n def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 30.0μs (70%) calls=1 #2: aten::empty 7.0μs (16%) calls=1 #3: aten::empty 6.0μs (14%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 132.42 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 26.3/3350 GB/s (0.8%) read=26.3 write=0.0 GB/s Hit rates: L2=171.7% --- Compute Throughput --- Pipe util: FMA=2.7%, Tensor=0.0% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: UNKNOWN --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 49.2% Eligible warps/cycle: 0.19 WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism Launch: regs/thread=80, smem/blk=3072B, block=128, grid=4096 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 45.45 sectors/req (45.5x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 5725.8% #################### mio_throttle 5074.1% #################### short_scoreboard 892.8% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 5726% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=45.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=45.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 45x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Low eligible warps + low BW% + low compute% = LATENCY-BOUND. Need more parallelism (larger grid, more ILP, prefetching).
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 22.7s turn · 22.7s LLM · 6,361 chars (click to expand)
turn 822.7s turn · 22.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}\n__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();\n for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }\n float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); sx[t]=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; __syncthreads();\n if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64;\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }\n}\n__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, batch=edge/n2, rem=edge-batch*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];\n if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((batch*N+i)*N)*32+t, bb=((batch*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bb+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();\n if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();\n if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}\n}\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto buf=torch::empty({T*128},pair_repr.options()); float* base=buf.data_ptr<float>(); float* a=base; float* b=base+T*32; auto out=torch::as_strided(buf,{B,N,N,64},{N*N*64,N*64,64,1},T*64); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a,b); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a,b,ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v4\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):\n super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)\n def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.15e-07 mean_abs_err=6.78e-08 max_rel_err=2.86e-01
turn 9 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.0s turn · 11.0s LLM · 7,911 chars (click to expand)
turn 911.0s turn · 11.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}\n__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();\n for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }\n float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); sx[t]=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; __syncthreads();\n if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64;\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }\n}\n__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, batch=edge/n2, rem=edge-batch*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];\n if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((batch*N+i)*N)*32+t, bb=((batch*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bb+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();\n if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();\n if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}\n}\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto buf=torch::empty({T*128},pair_repr.options()); float* base=buf.data_ptr<float>(); float* a=base; float* b=base+T*32; auto out=torch::as_strided(buf,{B,N,N,64},{N*N*64,N*64,64,1},T*64); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a,b); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a,b,ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v4\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):\n super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)\n def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::as_strided 39.0μs (56%) calls=1 #2: aten::empty 31.0μs (44%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 132.35 μs [↓0.1μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 26.4/3350 GB/s (0.8%) read=26.4 write=0.0 GB/s Hit rates: L2=173.0% --- Compute Throughput --- Pipe util: FMA=2.7%, Tensor=0.0% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: UNKNOWN --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 49.6% [↑0.4% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 0.19 WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism Launch: regs/thread=80, smem/blk=3072B, block=128, grid=4096 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 45.45 sectors/req (45.5x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 5761.6% #################### mio_throttle 5008.1% #################### short_scoreboard 850.2% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 5762% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=45.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=45.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 45x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Low eligible warps + low BW% + low compute% = LATENCY-BOUND. Need more parallelism (larger grid, more ILP, prefetching). --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 132.42→132.35μs (↓0.06) ok Occupancy: 49.19→49.61% (↑0.43) ok L2 hit%: 171.71→173.03% (↑1.32) ok
turn 10 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 6,802 chars (click to expand)
turn 1011.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating performance issues** I'm finding the profile not very helpful. It seems like overhead with as_strided might not be the issue since the runtime is around 132 microseconds. In comparison, the PyTorch reference likely runs at about 600 microseconds, which is good. Maybe persistent weights could improve things, but I'm not sure. I should be cautious that returning as_strided could potentially raise flags, so a static check is necessary.
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}\n__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();\n for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }\n float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); sx[t]=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; __syncthreads();\n if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64;\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }\n}\n__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, batch=edge/n2, rem=edge-batch*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];\n if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((batch*N+i)*N)*32+t, bb=((batch*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bb+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();\n if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();\n if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}\n}\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto buf=torch::empty({T*128},pair_repr.options()); float* base=buf.data_ptr<float>(); float* a=base; float* b=base+T*32; auto out=torch::as_strided(buf,{B,N,N,64},{N*N*64,N*64,64,1},T*64); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a,b); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a,b,ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v4\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):\n super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)\n def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 11 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 19.7s turn · 19.7s LLM · 7,044 chars (click to expand)
turn 1119.7s turn · 19.7s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Finalizing submission process** I’m considering the final submission using v4. I think I need to submit it, but I'm not entirely sure the final answer is ready for that. I should call the submit function to end the session, making sure the submission doesn’t have excessive text. I want to ensure everything is smooth and clear before going ahead with it. Let’s finalize this and submit!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}\n__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();\n for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }\n float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); sx[t]=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; __syncthreads();\n if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64;\n for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }\n}\n__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){\n int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, batch=edge/n2, rem=edge-batch*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];\n if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((batch*N+i)*N)*32+t, bb=((batch*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bb+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();\n if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();\n if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}\n}\ntorch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto buf=torch::empty({T*128},pair_repr.options()); float* base=buf.data_ptr<float>(); float* a=base; float* b=base+T*32; auto out=torch::as_strided(buf,{B,N,N,64},{N*N*64,N*64,64,1},T*64); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a,b); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a,b,ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"tri_mul_ext_v4\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=[\"tri_mul_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):\n super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)\n def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):\n return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 0.14 μs Runtime stats: mean=0.14μs median=?μs std=0.00μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.15e-07 mean_abs_err=6.78e-08 max_rel_err=2.86e-01 Memory: 34.63 MB peak (ref: 36.13 MB, ratio: 0.9585x) Kernel launches: 2 (ref: 101, fusion ratio: 50.5) SOL score: 0.0078
final submitted kernel (35 lines, 5,349 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b);
"""
_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <math.h>
__device__ __forceinline__ float sig(float x){return 1.f/(1.f+expf(-x));}
__global__ void k1(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ mask,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ paw,const float* __restrict__ pab,const float* __restrict__ gaw,const float* __restrict__ gab,const float* __restrict__ pbw,const float* __restrict__ pbb,const float* __restrict__ gbw,const float* __restrict__ gbb,float* __restrict__ a,float* __restrict__ b){
 int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; __shared__ float sx[64], s1[64], s2[64]; const float* x=pair+edge*64; float v=x[t]; s1[t]=v; s2[t]=v*v; __syncthreads();
 for(int st=32;st>0;st>>=1){ if(t<st){s1[t]+=s1[t+st]; s2[t]+=s2[t+st];} __syncthreads(); }
 float mean=s1[0]*(1.f/64.f); float var=fmaxf(s2[0]*(1.f/64.f)-mean*mean,0.f); sx[t]=(v-mean)*rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f)*lnw[t]+lnb[t]; __syncthreads();
 if(t<32){ float va=pab[t], vg=gab[t], vb=pbb[t], vh=gbb[t]; const float *pa=paw+t*64,*ga=gaw+t*64,*pb=pbw+t*64,*gb=gbw+t*64;
  for(int d=0;d<64;d++){float z=sx[d]; va += pa[d]*z; vg += ga[d]*z; vb += pb[d]*z; vh += gb[d]*z;} float m=mask[edge]; int o=edge*32+t; a[o]=va*sig(vg)*m; b[o]=vb*sig(vh)*m; }
}
__global__ void k2(const float* __restrict__ pair,const float* __restrict__ a,const float* __restrict__ b,const float* __restrict__ lnw,const float* __restrict__ lnb,const float* __restrict__ opw,const float* __restrict__ opb,const float* __restrict__ ogw,const float* __restrict__ ogb,float* __restrict__ out,int N){
 int edge=blockIdx.x,t=threadIdx.x; int n2=N*N, batch=edge/n2, rem=edge-batch*n2, i=rem/N, j=rem-i*N; __shared__ float sh[64];
 if(t<32){float sum=0.f; int ab=((batch*N+i)*N)*32+t, bb=((batch*N+j)*N)*32+t; for(int kk=0;kk<N;kk++) sum += a[ab+kk*32]*b[bb+kk*32]; sh[t]=sum;} __syncthreads();
 if(t==0){float s=0.f, ss=0.f; for(int h=0;h<32;h++){float v=sh[h]; s+=v; ss+=v*v;} float mean=s*(1.f/32.f); float var=fmaxf(ss*(1.f/32.f)-mean*mean,0.f); float inv=rsqrtf(var+1.e-5f); for(int h=0;h<32;h++) sh[h]=(sh[h]-mean)*inv*lnw[h]+lnb[h];} __syncthreads();
 if(t<64){float y=opb[t]; const float* ow=opw+t*32; for(int h=0;h<32;h++) y += ow[h]*sh[h]; float g=ogb[t]; const float* gw=ogw+t*64; const float* x=pair+edge*64; for(int d=0;d<64;d++) g += gw[d]*x[d]; out[edge*64+t]=sig(g)*y;}
}
torch::Tensor tri_mul_forward(torch::Tensor pair_repr, torch::Tensor pair_mask, torch::Tensor ln_in_w, torch::Tensor ln_in_b, torch::Tensor proj_a_w, torch::Tensor proj_a_b, torch::Tensor gate_a_w, torch::Tensor gate_a_b, torch::Tensor proj_b_w, torch::Tensor proj_b_b, torch::Tensor gate_b_w, torch::Tensor gate_b_b, torch::Tensor ln_out_w, torch::Tensor ln_out_b, torch::Tensor out_proj_w, torch::Tensor out_proj_b, torch::Tensor out_gate_w, torch::Tensor out_gate_b){int B=pair_repr.size(0),N=pair_repr.size(1),T=B*N*N; auto buf=torch::empty({T*128},pair_repr.options()); float* base=buf.data_ptr<float>(); float* a=base; float* b=base+T*32; auto out=torch::as_strided(buf,{B,N,N,64},{N*N*64,N*64,64,1},T*64); k1<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),pair_mask.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_in_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_a_b.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),proj_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_w.data_ptr<float>(),gate_b_b.data_ptr<float>(),a,b); k2<<<T,64>>>(pair_repr.data_ptr<float>(),a,b,ln_out_w.data_ptr<float>(),ln_out_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_proj_b.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_w.data_ptr<float>(),out_gate_b.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),N); return out;}
"""
_ext=load_inline(name="tri_mul_ext_v4", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=["tri_mul_forward"], extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"], verbose=False)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
 def __init__(self,pair_dim,hidden_dim):
  super().__init__(); self.layer_norm_in=nn.LayerNorm(pair_dim); self.proj_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_a=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.proj_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.gate_b=nn.Linear(pair_dim,hidden_dim); self.layer_norm_out=nn.LayerNorm(hidden_dim); self.out_proj=nn.Linear(hidden_dim,pair_dim); self.out_gate=nn.Linear(pair_dim,pair_dim)
 def forward(self,pair_repr,pair_mask):
  return _ext.tri_mul_forward(pair_repr,pair_mask,self.layer_norm_in.weight,self.layer_norm_in.bias,self.proj_a.weight,self.proj_a.bias,self.gate_a.weight,self.gate_a.bias,self.proj_b.weight,self.proj_b.bias,self.gate_b.weight,self.gate_b.bias,self.layer_norm_out.weight,self.layer_norm_out.bias,self.out_proj.weight,self.out_proj.bias,self.out_gate.weight,self.out_gate.bias)