gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
error 97_Matmul_BatchNorm_BiasAdd_Divide_Swish.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
13 / 15
tool calls
12
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
—
ref runtime
0.00 μs
speedup
—
started
2026-05-04T03:52:04Z
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a matrix multiplication, batch normalization, bias addition, division, and Swish activation.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bn_eps=1e-5, bn_momentum=0.1, bias_shape=(1,), divide_value=1.0):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.matmul = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features, eps=bn_eps, momentum=bn_momentum)
        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
        self.divide_value = divide_value

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.matmul(x)
        x = self.bn(x)
        x = x + self.bias
        x = x / self.divide_value
        x = x * torch.sigmoid(x)
        return x

batch_size = 1024
in_features = 8192
out_features = 8192
bn_eps = 1e-5
bn_momentum = 0.1
bias_shape = (1,)
divide_value = 1.0

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_features)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_features, out_features, bn_eps, bn_momentum, bias_shape, divide_value]
turn 013.5s turn · 13.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Developing Python for CUDA** I'm working on producing a Python file to implement a linear layer with batch normalization and other operations. The input and output shapes are fixed at 1024x8192 with huge matrix multiplications involved. I'm considering whether to use PyTorch's built-in operations or custom CUDA for speed. I'm aware that the reference implementation uses cuBLAS, which is highly optimized, but I want to see if I can fuse operations and improve performance. My goal is to ensure compatibility and efficiency in the coding process. **Handling BatchNorm in training and evaluation** I need to address how Batch Normalization (BN) works during training and evaluation. The model is likely in training mode by default, which requires BN to use the batch mean and variance, and also update the running statistics. During evaluation, though, the model should calculate metrics differently. If I'm benchmarking with KernelBench, I wonder if the model runs in evaluation mode with `no_grad()`. It's essential to ensure that outputs match expected values across different trials. I need to clarify this behavior to maintain accuracy. **Instantiating models with KernelBench** I remember tasks involving KernelBench, where I need to instantiate both Model and ModelNew, load the state dictionary, move them to CUDA, and run them. They often set the manual seed but might not set the model to evaluation mode. So, this means Batch Normalization is likely in training mode. I need to ensure I can robustly handle both training and evaluation, possibly by branching in Python to call an extension as necessary.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 32.2s turn · 32.2s LLM · 10,210 chars (click to expand)
turn 132.2s turn · 32.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Analyzing BN training and performance** I'm delving into batch normalization (BN) training with PyTorch and how it normalizes by variance while updating running variables. I need to implement a reduction kernel effectively with a structure of one block per column. I'm considering performance aspects around data read and write during operations like matrix multiplication with PyTorch. I'll also look into potential issues about compiling C++ and CUDA sources while trying to ensure everything is streamlined for optimal performance. **Creating sources for binding** I'm planning to set up `cpp_sources` with the function signature `torch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, ...);` and then have corresponding definitions in `cuda_sources`. I need to ensure that the function is included in the binding process. This probably means I must make sure the function is visible for auto binding to work correctly. It’s a small detail, but crucial for everything to function optimally.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias,\n torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training,\n double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) {\n bn_swish_train_cuda(y, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, momentum, eps, divide_value);\n } else {\n bn_swish_eval_cuda(y, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, eps, divide_value);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define THREADS 256\n\n__global__ void reduce_cols_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n float* __restrict__ running_mean,\n float* __restrict__ running_var,\n float* __restrict__ mean,\n float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int M, float momentum, float eps) {\n int col = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int row = tid; row < N; row += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[row * M + col];\n sum += v;\n sumsq += v * v;\n }\n __shared__ float s_sum[THREADS];\n __shared__ float s_sumsq[THREADS];\n s_sum[tid] = sum;\n s_sumsq[tid] = sumsq;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (tid < stride) {\n s_sum[tid] += s_sum[tid + stride];\n s_sumsq[tid] += s_sumsq[tid + stride];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float m = s_sum[0] / (float)N;\n float var = s_sumsq[0] / (float)N - m * m;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n mean[col] = m;\n invstd[col] = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n float unbiased = var * ((float)N / (float)(N - 1));\n running_mean[col] = running_mean[col] * (1.0f - momentum) + momentum * m;\n running_var[col] = running_var[col] * (1.0f - momentum) + momentum * unbiased;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ mean,\n const float* __restrict__ invstd,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,\n int N, int M, int bias_numel, float divv) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * M;\n for (; idx < total; idx += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int col = idx % M;\n float v = (y[idx] - mean[col]) * invstd[col];\n v = v * bn_weight[col] + bn_bias[col];\n float b = extra_bias[(bias_numel == 1) ? 0 : col];\n v = (v + b) / divv;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-v));\n y[idx] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ running_mean,\n const float* __restrict__ running_var,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,\n int N, int M, int bias_numel, float eps, float divv) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * M;\n for (; idx < total; idx += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int col = idx % M;\n float v = (y[idx] - running_mean[col]) * rsqrtf(running_var[col] + eps);\n v = v * bn_weight[col] + bn_bias[col];\n float b = extra_bias[(bias_numel == 1) ? 0 : col];\n v = (v + b) / divv;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-v));\n y[idx] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N = y.size(0);\n int M = y.size(1);\n auto opts = y.options();\n auto mean = torch::empty({M}, opts);\n auto invstd = torch::empty({M}, opts);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n reduce_cols_kernel<<<M, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, M, (float)momentum, (float)eps);\n int total = N * M;\n int blocks = (total + THREADS - 1) / THREADS;\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n apply_train_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)divide_value);\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N = y.size(0);\n int M = y.size(1);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int total = N * M;\n int blocks = (total + THREADS - 1) / THREADS;\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)eps, (float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v1', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['linear_bn_swish'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bn_eps=1e-5, bn_momentum=0.1, bias_shape=(1,), divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.bn = nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features, eps=bn_eps, momentum=bn_momentum)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.divide_value = divide_value\n\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, self.bn.weight, self.bn.bias,\n self.bn.running_mean, self.bn.running_var, self.bias, self.training,\n float(self.bn.momentum), float(self.bn.eps), float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.1s turn · 14.1s LLM · 9,215 chars (click to expand)
turn 214.1s turn · 14.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias,\n torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training,\n double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) {\n bn_swish_train_cuda(y, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, momentum, eps, divide_value);\n } else {\n bn_swish_eval_cuda(y, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, eps, divide_value);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define THREADS 256\n\n__global__ void reduce_cols_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n float* __restrict__ running_mean,\n float* __restrict__ running_var,\n float* __restrict__ mean,\n float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int M, float momentum, float eps) {\n int col = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int row = tid; row < N; row += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[row * M + col];\n sum += v;\n sumsq += v * v;\n }\n __shared__ float s_sum[THREADS];\n __shared__ float s_sumsq[THREADS];\n s_sum[tid] = sum;\n s_sumsq[tid] = sumsq;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (tid < stride) {\n s_sum[tid] += s_sum[tid + stride];\n s_sumsq[tid] += s_sumsq[tid + stride];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float m = s_sum[0] / (float)N;\n float var = s_sumsq[0] / (float)N - m * m;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n mean[col] = m;\n invstd[col] = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n float unbiased = var * ((float)N / (float)(N - 1));\n running_mean[col] = running_mean[col] * (1.0f - momentum) + momentum * m;\n running_var[col] = running_var[col] * (1.0f - momentum) + momentum * unbiased;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ mean,\n const float* __restrict__ invstd,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,\n int N, int M, int bias_numel, float divv) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * M;\n for (; idx < total; idx += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int col = idx % M;\n float v = (y[idx] - mean[col]) * invstd[col];\n v = v * bn_weight[col] + bn_bias[col];\n float b = extra_bias[(bias_numel == 1) ? 0 : col];\n v = (v + b) / divv;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-v));\n y[idx] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ running_mean,\n const float* __restrict__ running_var,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,\n int N, int M, int bias_numel, float eps, float divv) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * M;\n for (; idx < total; idx += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int col = idx % M;\n float v = (y[idx] - running_mean[col]) * rsqrtf(running_var[col] + eps);\n v = v * bn_weight[col] + bn_bias[col];\n float b = extra_bias[(bias_numel == 1) ? 0 : col];\n v = (v + b) / divv;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-v));\n y[idx] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N = y.size(0);\n int M = y.size(1);\n auto opts = y.options();\n auto mean = torch::empty({M}, opts);\n auto invstd = torch::empty({M}, opts);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n reduce_cols_kernel<<<M, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, M, (float)momentum, (float)eps);\n int total = N * M;\n int blocks = (total + THREADS - 1) / THREADS;\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n apply_train_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)divide_value);\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N = y.size(0);\n int M = y.size(1);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int total = N * M;\n int blocks = (total + THREADS - 1) / THREADS;\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)eps, (float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v1', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['linear_bn_swish'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bn_eps=1e-5, bn_momentum=0.1, bias_shape=(1,), divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.bn = nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features, eps=bn_eps, momentum=bn_momentum)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.divide_value = divide_value\n\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, self.bn.weight, self.bn.bias,\n self.bn.running_mean, self.bn.running_var, self.bias, self.training,\n float(self.bn.momentum), float(self.bn.eps), float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.34e-05 mean_abs_err=6.80e-08 max_rel_err=1.18e+01
turn 3 · 1 tool call(s) · 17.8s turn · 17.8s LLM · 11,203 chars (click to expand)
turn 317.8s turn · 17.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering performance options** I’m thinking about whether I should focus on performance by profiling or just submitting my work. Maybe optimizing is important too. If performance is key, profiling sounds like the right choice because it helps identify what to improve. I want to ensure I'm getting the best results, so exploring profiling more could help me determine where to focus my optimization efforts.
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias,\n torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training,\n double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) {\n bn_swish_train_cuda(y, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, momentum, eps, divide_value);\n } else {\n bn_swish_eval_cuda(y, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, eps, divide_value);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define THREADS 256\n\n__global__ void reduce_cols_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n float* __restrict__ running_mean,\n float* __restrict__ running_var,\n float* __restrict__ mean,\n float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int M, float momentum, float eps) {\n int col = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int row = tid; row < N; row += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[row * M + col];\n sum += v;\n sumsq += v * v;\n }\n __shared__ float s_sum[THREADS];\n __shared__ float s_sumsq[THREADS];\n s_sum[tid] = sum;\n s_sumsq[tid] = sumsq;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (tid < stride) {\n s_sum[tid] += s_sum[tid + stride];\n s_sumsq[tid] += s_sumsq[tid + stride];\n }\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float m = s_sum[0] / (float)N;\n float var = s_sumsq[0] / (float)N - m * m;\n var = fmaxf(var, 0.0f);\n mean[col] = m;\n invstd[col] = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n float unbiased = var * ((float)N / (float)(N - 1));\n running_mean[col] = running_mean[col] * (1.0f - momentum) + momentum * m;\n running_var[col] = running_var[col] * (1.0f - momentum) + momentum * unbiased;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ mean,\n const float* __restrict__ invstd,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,\n int N, int M, int bias_numel, float divv) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * M;\n for (; idx < total; idx += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int col = idx % M;\n float v = (y[idx] - mean[col]) * invstd[col];\n v = v * bn_weight[col] + bn_bias[col];\n float b = extra_bias[(bias_numel == 1) ? 0 : col];\n v = (v + b) / divv;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-v));\n y[idx] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_weight,\n const float* __restrict__ bn_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ running_mean,\n const float* __restrict__ running_var,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,\n int N, int M, int bias_numel, float eps, float divv) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int total = N * M;\n for (; idx < total; idx += blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int col = idx % M;\n float v = (y[idx] - running_mean[col]) * rsqrtf(running_var[col] + eps);\n v = v * bn_weight[col] + bn_bias[col];\n float b = extra_bias[(bias_numel == 1) ? 0 : col];\n v = (v + b) / divv;\n float sig = 1.0f / (1.0f + __expf(-v));\n y[idx] = v * sig;\n }\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N = y.size(0);\n int M = y.size(1);\n auto opts = y.options();\n auto mean = torch::empty({M}, opts);\n auto invstd = torch::empty({M}, opts);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n reduce_cols_kernel<<<M, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, M, (float)momentum, (float)eps);\n int total = N * M;\n int blocks = (total + THREADS - 1) / THREADS;\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n apply_train_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)divide_value);\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N = y.size(0);\n int M = y.size(1);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int total = N * M;\n int blocks = (total + THREADS - 1) / THREADS;\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),\n running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)eps, (float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v1', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['linear_bn_swish'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bn_eps=1e-5, bn_momentum=0.1, bias_shape=(1,), divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features)\n self.bn = nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features, eps=bn_eps, momentum=bn_momentum)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.divide_value = divide_value\n\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, self.bn.weight, self.bn.bias,\n self.bn.running_mean, self.bn.running_var, self.bias, self.training,\n float(self.bn.momentum), float(self.bn.eps), float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::addmm 67828.0μs (100%) calls=1 #2: aten::t 96.0μs (0%) calls=1 #3: aten::transpose 44.0μs (0%) calls=1 #4: aten::as_strided 16.0μs (0%) calls=1 #5: aten::empty 3.0μs (0%) calls=1 ... +1 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 2777.92 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 2097.5/3350 GB/s (62.6%) read=1710.5 write=387.0 GB/s Hit rates: L2=235.1% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=103.4% Pipe util: FMA=103.4%, Tensor=2.1% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 177.5% Eligible warps/cycle: 3.38 Launch: regs/thread=306, smem/blk=38912B, block=640, grid=41472 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 37.68 sectors/req (37.7x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 6916.9% #################### short_scoreboard 379.1% #################### mio_throttle 130.0% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 6917% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=37.7 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=37.7x (ideal=1.0) -> 38x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics.
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 20.1s turn · 20.1s LLM · 8,100 chars (click to expand)
turn 420.1s turn · 20.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/mm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias,\n torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training,\n double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::mm(x, weight.t());\n if (training) {\n bn_swish_train_cuda(y, lin_bias, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, momentum, eps, divide_value);\n } else {\n bn_swish_eval_cuda(y, lin_bias, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, eps, divide_value);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n\n__global__ void reduce_cols_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ lin_bias,\n float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var,\n float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int M, float momentum, float eps) {\n int col = blockIdx.x, tid = threadIdx.x;\n float sum = 0.f, sumsq = 0.f;\n for (int row = tid; row < N; row += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[row * M + col];\n sum += v; sumsq += v*v;\n }\n __shared__ float ss[THREADS], ssq[THREADS];\n ss[tid]=sum; ssq[tid]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n for (int s=blockDim.x>>1; s>0; s>>=1) { if(tid<s){ss[tid]+=ss[tid+s]; ssq[tid]+=ssq[tid+s];} __syncthreads(); }\n if(tid==0){\n float m0=ss[0]/(float)N;\n float var=ssq[0]/(float)N - m0*m0; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m0; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n float mb=m0 + lin_bias[col];\n running_mean[col]=running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*mb;\n running_var[col]=running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1)));\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias, int total, int M, int bias_numel, float divv) {\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(; idx<total; idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){\n int col=idx & (8192-1); // M is 8192 for this task\n // fallback if M not power-of-two 8192\n if (M != 8192) col = idx % M;\n float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col];\n v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col];\n v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv;\n y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ lin_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ running_mean, const float* __restrict__ running_var,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias, int total, int M, int bias_numel, float eps, float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(; idx<total; idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){\n int col=idx & (8192-1); if (M != 8192) col = idx % M;\n float v=(y[idx]+lin_bias[col]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps);\n v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col];\n v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv;\n y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M}, y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M}, y.options());\n cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n reduce_cols_kernel<<<M,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), lin_bias.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, (float)momentum, (float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), lin_bias.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)eps, (float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['linear_bn_swish'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bn_eps=1e-5, bn_momentum=0.1, bias_shape=(1,), divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 5 · 1 tool call(s) · 12.2s turn · 12.2s LLM · 8,202 chars (click to expand)
turn 512.2s turn · 12.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/mm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias,\n torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training,\n double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::mm(x, weight.t());\n if (training) {\n bn_swish_train_cuda(y, lin_bias, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, momentum, eps, divide_value);\n } else {\n bn_swish_eval_cuda(y, lin_bias, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, eps, divide_value);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n\n__global__ void reduce_cols_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ lin_bias,\n float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var,\n float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int M, float momentum, float eps) {\n int col = blockIdx.x, tid = threadIdx.x;\n float sum = 0.f, sumsq = 0.f;\n for (int row = tid; row < N; row += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[row * M + col];\n sum += v; sumsq += v*v;\n }\n __shared__ float ss[THREADS], ssq[THREADS];\n ss[tid]=sum; ssq[tid]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n for (int s=blockDim.x>>1; s>0; s>>=1) { if(tid<s){ss[tid]+=ss[tid+s]; ssq[tid]+=ssq[tid+s];} __syncthreads(); }\n if(tid==0){\n float m0=ss[0]/(float)N;\n float var=ssq[0]/(float)N - m0*m0; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m0; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n float mb=m0 + lin_bias[col];\n running_mean[col]=running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*mb;\n running_var[col]=running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1)));\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias, int total, int M, int bias_numel, float divv) {\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(; idx<total; idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){\n int col=idx & (8192-1); // M is 8192 for this task\n // fallback if M not power-of-two 8192\n if (M != 8192) col = idx % M;\n float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col];\n v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col];\n v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv;\n y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ lin_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ running_mean, const float* __restrict__ running_var,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias, int total, int M, int bias_numel, float eps, float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(; idx<total; idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){\n int col=idx & (8192-1); if (M != 8192) col = idx % M;\n float v=(y[idx]+lin_bias[col]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps);\n v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col];\n v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv;\n y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M}, y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M}, y.options());\n cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n reduce_cols_kernel<<<M,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), lin_bias.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, (float)momentum, (float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), lin_bias.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)eps, (float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['linear_bn_swish'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bn_eps=1e-5, bn_momentum=0.1, bias_shape=(1,), divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.41e-05 mean_abs_err=7.49e-08 max_rel_err=8.00e-01
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.5s turn · 13.5s LLM · 10,090 chars (click to expand)
turn 613.5s turn · 13.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/mm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\n\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias,\n torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training,\n double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::mm(x, weight.t());\n if (training) {\n bn_swish_train_cuda(y, lin_bias, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, momentum, eps, divide_value);\n } else {\n bn_swish_eval_cuda(y, lin_bias, bn_weight, bn_bias, running_mean, running_var, extra_bias, eps, divide_value);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n\n__global__ void reduce_cols_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ lin_bias,\n float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var,\n float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int M, float momentum, float eps) {\n int col = blockIdx.x, tid = threadIdx.x;\n float sum = 0.f, sumsq = 0.f;\n for (int row = tid; row < N; row += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[row * M + col];\n sum += v; sumsq += v*v;\n }\n __shared__ float ss[THREADS], ssq[THREADS];\n ss[tid]=sum; ssq[tid]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n for (int s=blockDim.x>>1; s>0; s>>=1) { if(tid<s){ss[tid]+=ss[tid+s]; ssq[tid]+=ssq[tid+s];} __syncthreads(); }\n if(tid==0){\n float m0=ss[0]/(float)N;\n float var=ssq[0]/(float)N - m0*m0; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m0; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n float mb=m0 + lin_bias[col];\n running_mean[col]=running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*mb;\n running_var[col]=running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1)));\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias, int total, int M, int bias_numel, float divv) {\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(; idx<total; idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){\n int col=idx & (8192-1); // M is 8192 for this task\n // fallback if M not power-of-two 8192\n if (M != 8192) col = idx % M;\n float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col];\n v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col];\n v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv;\n y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ lin_bias,\n const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ running_mean, const float* __restrict__ running_var,\n const float* __restrict__ extra_bias, int total, int M, int bias_numel, float eps, float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(; idx<total; idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){\n int col=idx & (8192-1); if (M != 8192) col = idx % M;\n float v=(y[idx]+lin_bias[col]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps);\n v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col];\n v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv;\n y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v));\n }\n}\n\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M}, y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M}, y.options());\n cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n reduce_cols_kernel<<<M,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), lin_bias.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N, M, (float)momentum, (float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias,\n torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var,\n torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value) {\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), lin_bias.data_ptr<float>(), bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(), bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(), total, M, extra_bias.numel(), (float)eps, (float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['linear_bn_swish'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bn_eps=1e-5, bn_momentum=0.1, bias_shape=(1,), divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::mm 70952.0μs (100%) calls=1 #2: aten::t 106.0μs (0%) calls=1 #3: aten::transpose 46.0μs (0%) calls=1 #4: aten::as_strided 19.0μs (0%) calls=1 #5: aten::empty 3.0μs (0%) calls=1 ... +1 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 2817.76 μs [↑39.8μs REGRESSED] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 2270.2/3350 GB/s (67.8%) [↑5.2% ok] read=1852.3 write=417.9 GB/s Hit rates: L2=233.7% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=91.9% [↓11.5% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=91.9%, Tensor=0.5% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 174.8% [↓2.7% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 3.17 Launch: regs/thread=309, smem/blk=38400B, block=640, grid=41472 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 36.84 sectors/req (36.8x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 7314.2% #################### short_scoreboard 416.2% #################### mio_throttle 51.9% ########## --- Optimization Hints --- -> 7314% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=36.8 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=36.8x (ideal=1.0) -> 37x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 2777.92→2817.76μs (↑39.84) REGRESSED DRAM BW%: 62.61→67.77% (↑5.16) ok Compute%: 103.38→91.93% (↓11.45) REGRESSED Occupancy: 177.51→174.78% (↓2.73) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 3.38→3.17 (↓0.21) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 37.68→36.84 (↓0.83) ok L2 hit%: 235.15→233.73% (↓1.42) REGRESSED
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 25.4s turn · 25.4s LLM · 7,431 chars (click to expand)
turn 725.4s turn · 25.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating warp access** I'm considering how warp access works here by looking at 32 contiguous columns for each row. My goal is to reduce across 1024 rows. If I have a tile with 32 columns, then I wonder about having a block of 256 threads, which seems like it would give me 8 row lanes per column. Let’s work through the calculations to ensure I’ve got this organized correctly and make sure everything aligns as I think it through!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) bn_swish_train_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,momentum,eps,divide_value);\n else bn_swish_eval_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,eps,divide_value);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n__global__ void reduce_cols_coal_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd, int N, int M, float momentum, float eps){\n int cx=threadIdx.x; int lane=threadIdx.y; int col=blockIdx.x*32+cx;\n float sum=0.f, sumsq=0.f;\n if(col<M){\n for(int row=lane; row<N; row+=8){ float v=y[row*M+col]; sum+=v; sumsq+=v*v; }\n }\n __shared__ float ss[8][32]; __shared__ float ssq[8][32];\n ss[lane][cx]=sum; ssq[lane][cx]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n if(lane==0 && col<M){\n float s=0.f, q=0.f;\n #pragma unroll\n for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ s+=ss[i][cx]; q+=ssq[i][cx]; }\n float m=s/(float)N; float var=q/(float)N - m*m; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n running_mean[col]=running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*m;\n running_var[col]=running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1)));\n }\n}\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; if(M!=8192) col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col]; v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ running_mean,const float* __restrict__ running_var,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float eps,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; if(M!=8192) col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps); v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M},y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M},y.options()); cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n dim3 block(32,8); dim3 grid((M+31)/32); reduce_cols_coal_kernel<<<grid,block,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N,M,(float)momentum,(float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),inv.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),running_mean.data_ptr<float>(),running_var.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)eps,(float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v3',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['linear_bn_swish'],verbose=False,extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_features,out_features,bn_eps=1e-5,bn_momentum=0.1,bias_shape=(1,),divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.9s turn · 13.9s LLM · 7,003 chars (click to expand)
turn 813.9s turn · 13.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) bn_swish_train_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,momentum,eps,divide_value);\n else bn_swish_eval_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,eps,divide_value);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n__global__ void reduce_cols_coal_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd, int N, int M, float momentum, float eps){\n int cx=threadIdx.x; int lane=threadIdx.y; int col=blockIdx.x*32+cx;\n float sum=0.f, sumsq=0.f;\n if(col<M){\n for(int row=lane; row<N; row+=8){ float v=y[row*M+col]; sum+=v; sumsq+=v*v; }\n }\n __shared__ float ss[8][32]; __shared__ float ssq[8][32];\n ss[lane][cx]=sum; ssq[lane][cx]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n if(lane==0 && col<M){\n float s=0.f, q=0.f;\n #pragma unroll\n for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ s+=ss[i][cx]; q+=ssq[i][cx]; }\n float m=s/(float)N; float var=q/(float)N - m*m; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n running_mean[col]=running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*m;\n running_var[col]=running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1)));\n }\n}\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; if(M!=8192) col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col]; v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ running_mean,const float* __restrict__ running_var,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float eps,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; if(M!=8192) col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps); v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M},y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M},y.options()); cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n dim3 block(32,8); dim3 grid((M+31)/32); reduce_cols_coal_kernel<<<grid,block,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N,M,(float)momentum,(float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),inv.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),running_mean.data_ptr<float>(),running_var.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)eps,(float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v3',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['linear_bn_swish'],verbose=False,extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_features,out_features,bn_eps=1e-5,bn_momentum=0.1,bias_shape=(1,),divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=4.01e-05 mean_abs_err=1.20e-07 max_rel_err=1.30e+01
turn 9 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.9s turn · 11.9s LLM · 8,747 chars (click to expand)
turn 911.9s turn · 11.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) bn_swish_train_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,momentum,eps,divide_value);\n else bn_swish_eval_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,eps,divide_value);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n__global__ void reduce_cols_coal_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd, int N, int M, float momentum, float eps){\n int cx=threadIdx.x; int lane=threadIdx.y; int col=blockIdx.x*32+cx;\n float sum=0.f, sumsq=0.f;\n if(col<M){\n for(int row=lane; row<N; row+=8){ float v=y[row*M+col]; sum+=v; sumsq+=v*v; }\n }\n __shared__ float ss[8][32]; __shared__ float ssq[8][32];\n ss[lane][cx]=sum; ssq[lane][cx]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n if(lane==0 && col<M){\n float s=0.f, q=0.f;\n #pragma unroll\n for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ s+=ss[i][cx]; q+=ssq[i][cx]; }\n float m=s/(float)N; float var=q/(float)N - m*m; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n running_mean[col]=running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*m;\n running_var[col]=running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum)+momentum*(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1)));\n }\n}\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; if(M!=8192) col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col]; v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ running_mean,const float* __restrict__ running_var,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float eps,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; if(M!=8192) col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps); v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M},y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M},y.options()); cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n dim3 block(32,8); dim3 grid((M+31)/32); reduce_cols_coal_kernel<<<grid,block,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N,M,(float)momentum,(float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),inv.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),running_mean.data_ptr<float>(),running_var.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)eps,(float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v3',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['linear_bn_swish'],verbose=False,extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_features,out_features,bn_eps=1e-5,bn_momentum=0.1,bias_shape=(1,),divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::addmm 74840.0μs (100%) calls=1 #2: aten::t 95.0μs (0%) calls=1 #3: aten::transpose 43.0μs (0%) calls=1 #4: aten::as_strided 16.0μs (0%) calls=1 #5: aten::empty 3.0μs (0%) calls=1 ... +1 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 2731.68 μs [↓86.1μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 3763.7/3350 GB/s (100.0%) [↑32.2% ok] read=3304.4 write=459.3 GB/s Hit rates: L2=153.2% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=97.9% [↑6.0% ok] Pipe util: FMA=97.9%, Tensor=0.1% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 111.4% [↓63.4% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 2.89 Launch: regs/thread=318, smem/blk=38912B, block=640, grid=33536 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 11.50 sectors/req (11.5x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 4554.5% #################### short_scoreboard 289.8% #################### mio_throttle 26.3% ##### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 4555% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=11.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=11.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 12x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 2817.76→2731.68μs (↓86.08) ok DRAM BW%: 67.77→100.00% (↑32.23) ok Compute%: 91.93→97.89% (↑5.96) ok Occupancy: 174.78→111.35% (↓63.43) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 3.17→2.89 (↓0.27) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 36.84→11.50 (↓25.34) ok L2 hit%: 233.73→153.24% (↓80.49) REGRESSED
turn 10 · 1 tool call(s) · 19.6s turn · 19.6s LLM · 9,068 chars (click to expand)
turn 1019.6s turn · 19.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating optimization strategies** I’m considering applying reduced instructions and possibly profiling. Also, I’m thinking about using sigmoid with __expf, but I wonder if PyTorch’s sigmoid is exact? I need to verify if it works the same when optimized. Maybe I should explore using a fast approximate swish instead of __expf for better tolerance. Alright, so I’ll aim to implement the final version 4!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) bn_swish_train_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,momentum,eps,divide_value);\n else bn_swish_eval_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,eps,divide_value);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n__global__ void reduce_cols_coal_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd, int N, int M, float momentum, float eps){\n int cx=threadIdx.x; int lane=threadIdx.y; int col=blockIdx.x*32+cx;\n float sum=0.f, sumsq=0.f;\n if(col<M){\n for(int row=lane; row<N; row+=8){ float v=y[row*M+col]; sum+=v; sumsq=fmaf(v,v,sumsq); }\n }\n __shared__ float ss[8][32]; __shared__ float ssq[8][32];\n ss[lane][cx]=sum; ssq[lane][cx]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n if(lane==0 && col<M){\n float s=0.f, q=0.f;\n #pragma unroll\n for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ s+=ss[i][cx]; q+=ssq[i][cx]; }\n float m=s/(float)N; float var=q/(float)N - m*m; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n running_mean[col]=fmaf(momentum,m,running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum));\n running_var[col]=fmaf(momentum,(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1))),running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum));\n }\n}\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,const float bias0,int total){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col]; v=fmaf(v,gamma[col],beta[col]+bias0); y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_train_general_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col]; v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ running_mean,const float* __restrict__ running_var,const float bias0,int total,float eps){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; float v=(y[idx]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps); v=fmaf(v,gamma[col],beta[col]+bias0); y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_eval_general_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ running_mean,const float* __restrict__ running_var,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float eps,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps); v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M},y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M},y.options()); cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n dim3 block(32,8); dim3 grid((M+31)/32); reduce_cols_coal_kernel<<<grid,block,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N,M,(float)momentum,(float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n if (M==8192 && extra_bias.numel()==1 && (float)divide_value==1.0f) apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),inv.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>()[0],total);\n else apply_train_general_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),inv.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (M==8192 && extra_bias.numel()==1 && (float)divide_value==1.0f) apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),running_mean.data_ptr<float>(),running_var.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>()[0],total,(float)eps);\n else apply_eval_general_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),running_mean.data_ptr<float>(),running_var.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)eps,(float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v4',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['linear_bn_swish'],verbose=False,extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_features,out_features,bn_eps=1e-5,bn_momentum=0.1,bias_shape=(1,),divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 11 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 10,129 chars (click to expand)
turn 1114.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/addmm.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/t.h>\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value);\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value);\ntorch::Tensor linear_bn_swish(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor lin_bias, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, bool training, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value) {\n auto y = at::addmm(lin_bias, x, weight.t());\n if (training) bn_swish_train_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,momentum,eps,divide_value);\n else bn_swish_eval_cuda(y,bn_weight,bn_bias,running_mean,running_var,extra_bias,eps,divide_value);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS 256\n__global__ void reduce_cols_coal_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ running_mean, float* __restrict__ running_var, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd, int N, int M, float momentum, float eps){\n int cx=threadIdx.x; int lane=threadIdx.y; int col=blockIdx.x*32+cx;\n float sum=0.f, sumsq=0.f;\n if(col<M){\n for(int row=lane; row<N; row+=8){ float v=y[row*M+col]; sum+=v; sumsq=fmaf(v,v,sumsq); }\n }\n __shared__ float ss[8][32]; __shared__ float ssq[8][32];\n ss[lane][cx]=sum; ssq[lane][cx]=sumsq; __syncthreads();\n if(lane==0 && col<M){\n float s=0.f, q=0.f;\n #pragma unroll\n for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ s+=ss[i][cx]; q+=ssq[i][cx]; }\n float m=s/(float)N; float var=q/(float)N - m*m; var=fmaxf(var,0.f);\n mean[col]=m; invstd[col]=rsqrtf(var+eps);\n running_mean[col]=fmaf(momentum,m,running_mean[col]*(1.f-momentum));\n running_var[col]=fmaf(momentum,(var*((float)N/(float)(N-1))),running_var[col]*(1.f-momentum));\n }\n}\n__global__ void apply_train_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,const float bias0,int total){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col]; v=fmaf(v,gamma[col],beta[col]+bias0); y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_train_general_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-mean[col])*invstd[col]; v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_eval_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ running_mean,const float* __restrict__ running_var,const float bias0,int total,float eps){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx & 8191; float v=(y[idx]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps); v=fmaf(v,gamma[col],beta[col]+bias0); y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\n__global__ void apply_eval_general_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ running_mean,const float* __restrict__ running_var,const float* __restrict__ extra_bias,int total,int M,int bias_numel,float eps,float divv){\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;\n for(;idx<total;idx+=blockDim.x*gridDim.x){ int col=idx%M; float v=(y[idx]-running_mean[col])*rsqrtf(running_var[col]+eps); v=v*gamma[col]+beta[col]; v=(v+extra_bias[(bias_numel==1)?0:col])/divv; y[idx]=v/(1.f+__expf(-v)); }\n}\nvoid bn_swish_train_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double momentum, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1); auto mean=torch::empty({M},y.options()); auto inv=torch::empty({M},y.options()); cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n dim3 block(32,8); dim3 grid((M+31)/32); reduce_cols_coal_kernel<<<grid,block,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), running_mean.data_ptr<float>(), running_var.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), inv.data_ptr<float>(), N,M,(float)momentum,(float)eps);\n int total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n if (M==8192 && extra_bias.numel()==1 && (float)divide_value==1.0f) apply_train_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),inv.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>()[0],total);\n else apply_train_general_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),inv.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)divide_value);\n}\nvoid bn_swish_eval_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bn_weight, torch::Tensor bn_bias, torch::Tensor running_mean, torch::Tensor running_var, torch::Tensor extra_bias, double eps, double divide_value){\n int N=y.size(0), M=y.size(1), total=N*M; int blocks=(total+THREADS-1)/THREADS; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; cudaStream_t st=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (M==8192 && extra_bias.numel()==1 && (float)divide_value==1.0f) apply_eval_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),running_mean.data_ptr<float>(),running_var.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>()[0],total,(float)eps);\n else apply_eval_general_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS,0,st>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),bn_weight.data_ptr<float>(),bn_bias.data_ptr<float>(),running_mean.data_ptr<float>(),running_var.data_ptr<float>(),extra_bias.data_ptr<float>(),total,M,extra_bias.numel(),(float)eps,(float)divide_value);\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='lin_bn_swish_ext_v4',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['linear_bn_swish'],verbose=False,extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_features,out_features,bn_eps=1e-5,bn_momentum=0.1,bias_shape=(1,),divide_value=1.0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(in_features,out_features); self.bn=nn.BatchNorm1d(out_features,eps=bn_eps,momentum=bn_momentum); self.bias=nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)); self.divide_value=divide_value\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.linear_bn_swish(x,self.matmul.weight,self.matmul.bias,self.bn.weight,self.bn.bias,self.bn.running_mean,self.bn.running_var,self.bias,self.training,float(self.bn.momentum),float(self.bn.eps),float(self.divide_value))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: unexpected error during tool execution. _WorkItemTimeout: work item exceeded soft timeout budget Traceback (most recent call last): File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/agent.py", line 627, in _execute_tool return tool.execute(self.ctx, **args) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/tools.py", line 365, in execute return ctx.eval_client.run_correctness(ctx, kernel_code) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/eval_client.py", line 58, in run_correctness return self._call("correctness", args) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/src/kernelbench/agent/eval_client.py", line 117, in _call payload = self._response_q.get(timeout=remaining) File "<string>", line 2, in get File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/managers.py", line 818, in _callmethod kind, result = conn.recv() File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 250, in recv buf = self._recv_bytes() File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 414, in _recv_bytes buf = self._recv(4) File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 379, in _recv chunk = read(handle, remaining) File "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/scripts/run_sweep.py", line 161, in _alarm_handler raise _WorkItemTimeout("work item exceeded soft timeout budget") __mp_main__._WorkItemTimeout: work item exceeded soft timeout budget
turn 122342.1s turn · 2342.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
feedbackLLM call failed: Empty: