gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
correct 93_ConvTranspose2d_Add_Min_GELU_Multiply.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
14 / 15
tool calls
14
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
2.66 μs
ref runtime
5.77 μs
speedup
2.17x
started
2026-05-04T07:28:50Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
2.66 μs
ref runtime
5.77 μs
speedup
2.17x
kernel mean / median / std
2.66 / — / 0.14 μs
ref mean / median / std
5.77 / — / 0.05 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
2.98e-08
mean abs error
1.19e-15
max rel error
6.21e-07
mean rel error
8.23e-14
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
1346.25 MB
ref peak
2403.00 MB
kernel / ref
0.56x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
12
ref launches
20
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.67x
total cuda time
7177 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
241.82
ref mJ / run
725.80
ratio (ref / kernel)
3.00x
avg power
92.03 W
ref avg power
126.29 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
52.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
9010.04 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
284.1%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
52.2%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
258.8%
ld sectors / req
40.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
228
smem / block
236544 B
block size
896
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
10758.4%
short_scoreboard
234.6%
mio_throttle
7.1%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a transposed convolution, adds a value, takes the minimum, applies GELU, and multiplies by a value.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)
        self.add_value = add_value
        self.multiply_value = multiply_value

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv_transpose(x)
        x = x + self.add_value
        x = torch.min(x, torch.tensor(0.0, device=x.device))
        x = torch.nn.functional.gelu(x)
        x = x * self.multiply_value
        return x

batch_size = 128
in_channels = 64
out_channels = 128
height, width = 64, 64
kernel_size = 4
stride = 2
add_value = 0.5
multiply_value = 2.0

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value]
turn 0 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.7s turn · 14.7s LLM · 6,050 chars (click to expand)
turn 014.7s turn · 14.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n float g = 0.5f * v * (1.0f + erff(v * inv_sqrt2));\n y[i] = g * mulv;\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_v1\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n self.stride = stride\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'fused_deconv_act_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_deconv_act_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_93_cache/k_6068a3d23064/fused_deconv_act_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_deconv_act_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_93_cache/k_6068a3d23064/fused_deconv_act_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_deconv_act_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_93_cache/k_6068a3d23064/fused_deconv_act_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_93_cache/k_6068a3d23064/fused_deconv_act_ext_v1/cuda.cu(28): error: namespace "at::cuda" has no member "getCurrentCUDAStream" act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value); ^ 1 error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_93_cache/k_6068a3d23064/fused_deconv_act_ext_v1/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 14.9s turn · 4.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n float g = 0.5f * v * (1.0f + erff(v * inv_sqrt2));\n y[i] = g * mulv;\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 24.7s turn · 4.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n float g = 0.5f * v * (1.0f + erff(v * inv_sqrt2));\n y[i] = g * mulv;\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 35.9s turn · 5.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering performance optimization** I think I need to focus on speed, maybe by profiling and submitting my work. It feels like using torch.ops for activation could really help improve performance. Profiling could give me insights into where the bottlenecks are. I want to make sure I’m optimizing effectively to get the best results. It’s just a matter of figuring out the best approach to maximize efficiency. Let’s see how this goes!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n float g = 0.5f * v * (1.0f + erff(v * inv_sqrt2));\n y[i] = g * mulv;\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv_transpose2d 115985.0μs (25%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 115941.0μs (25%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 115912.0μs (25%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 105141.0μs (23%) calls=1 #5: aten::add_ 10025.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +2 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 3497.09 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 12444.7/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=6043.3 write=6401.4 GB/s Hit rates: L2=359.6% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=50.3% Pipe util: FMA=63.4%, Tensor=50.3% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 407.4% Eligible warps/cycle: 3.37 Launch: regs/thread=310, smem/blk=251264B, block=1536, grid=1451127 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 16.50 sectors/req (16.5x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 12428.8% #################### short_scoreboard 693.2% #################### mio_throttle 197.5% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 12429% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=16.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=16.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 16x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 420.7s turn · 20.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Calculating approximations** I'm working with coefficients for an error function approximation: p, a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5. The approximation for erfc(z) involves a polynomial and some exponential elements, especially for z values 0 and above. If v equals zero, then erfc simplifies to one. I should consider using expf for efficiency and check the correctness of my calculations, especially under the fast math option. That's a good path to follow!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z) {\n float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.3275911f * z);\n float p = (((((1.061405429f * t - 1.453152027f) * t) + 1.421413741f) * t - 0.284496736f) * t + 0.254829592f) * t;\n return p * __expf(-z * z);\n}\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n float g = 0.5f * v * erfc_approx_pos(-v * inv_sqrt2);\n y[i] = g * mulv;\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.98e-08 mean_abs_err=1.19e-15 max_rel_err=6.21e-07
turn 55.2s turn · 5.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z) {\n float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.3275911f * z);\n float p = (((((1.061405429f * t - 1.453152027f) * t) + 1.421413741f) * t - 0.284496736f) * t + 0.254829592f) * t;\n return p * __expf(-z * z);\n}\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n float g = 0.5f * v * erfc_approx_pos(-v * inv_sqrt2);\n y[i] = g * mulv;\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv_transpose2d 191260.0μs (25%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 191218.0μs (25%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 191186.0μs (25%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 177226.0μs (23%) calls=1 #5: aten::add_ 13141.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +2 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 3487.97 μs [↓9.1μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 12501.3/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=6071.2 write=6430.1 GB/s Hit rates: L2=359.5% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=50.3% [↑0.0% ok] Pipe util: FMA=60.6%, Tensor=50.3% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 407.1% [↓0.3% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 3.18 Launch: regs/thread=304, smem/blk=251264B, block=1536, grid=1451127 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 16.50 sectors/req (16.5x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 14104.0% #################### short_scoreboard 675.0% #################### mio_throttle 201.0% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 14104% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=16.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=16.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 16x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 3497.09→3487.97μs (↓9.12) ok Compute%: 50.26→50.28% (↑0.01) ok Occupancy: 407.39→407.13% (↓0.26) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 3.37→3.18 (↓0.19) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 359.65→359.47% (↓0.18) REGRESSED
turn 612.4s turn · 12.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Testing profile correctness** I’m checking whether I can set up `self.conv_transpose` correctly; I wonder if the state copy needs to happen before the conversion. When loading the state dict, it retains the original memory format. For 4D weights like in ConvTranspose2d, should I adjust to `torch.channels_last`? I’ll ensure that all shapes are correct and contiguous where they need to be. It looks like I need to convert input `x` to the right format before processing it in the convolution.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z) {\n float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.3275911f * z);\n float p = (((((1.061405429f * t - 1.453152027f) * t) + 1.421413741f) * t - 0.284496736f) * t + 0.254829592f) * t;\n return p * __expf(-z * z);\n}\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n y[i] = (0.5f * v * erfc_approx_pos(-v * inv_sqrt2)) * mulv;\n }\n}\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel(); if (!n) return; int threads=256; int blocks=(int)((n+threads-1)/threads); if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_cl_v1\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\",\"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super().__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n self.add_value=add_value; self.multiply_value=multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.98e-08 mean_abs_err=1.19e-15 max_rel_err=6.21e-07
turn 75.4s turn · 5.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z) {\n float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.3275911f * z);\n float p = (((((1.061405429f * t - 1.453152027f) * t) + 1.421413741f) * t - 0.284496736f) * t + 0.254829592f) * t;\n return p * __expf(-z * z);\n}\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n v = fminf(v, 0.0f);\n y[i] = (0.5f * v * erfc_approx_pos(-v * inv_sqrt2)) * mulv;\n }\n}\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel(); if (!n) return; int threads=256; int blocks=(int)((n+threads-1)/threads); if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_cl_v1\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\",\"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super().__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n self.add_value=add_value; self.multiply_value=multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv_transpose2d 102025.0μs (23%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 101994.0μs (23%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 101966.0μs (23%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 93311.0μs (21%) calls=1 #5: aten::contiguous 12347.0μs (3%) calls=1 ... +7 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 2631.17 μs [↓856.8μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 8971.6/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=4172.3 write=4799.3 GB/s Hit rates: L2=259.1% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=51.3% [↑1.0% ok] Pipe util: FMA=41.5%, Tensor=51.3% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 284.1% [↓123.1% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 2.07 Launch: regs/thread=226, smem/blk=236544B, block=896, grid=1278327 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 40.00 sectors/req (40.0x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 10615.4% #################### short_scoreboard 246.3% #################### mio_throttle 10.6% ## --- Optimization Hints --- -> 10615% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=40.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=40.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 40x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 3487.97→2631.17μs (↓856.80) ok Compute%: 50.28→51.32% (↑1.04) ok Occupancy: 407.13→284.06% (↓123.06) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 3.18→2.07 (↓1.11) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 16.50→40.00 (↑23.50) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 359.47→259.14% (↓100.33) REGRESSED
turn 86.6s turn · 6.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src=r\"\"\"#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\ncuda_src=r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z){float t=1.0f/(1.0f+0.3275911f*z);float p=(((((1.061405429f*t-1.453152027f)*t)+1.421413741f)*t-0.284496736f)*t+0.254829592f)*t;return p*__expf(-z*z);} \n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,long long n,float addv,float mulv){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;long long stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x;for(long long i=idx;i<n;i+=stride){float v=fminf(y[i]+addv,0.0f);y[i]=(0.5f*v*erfc_approx_pos(-v*0.7071067811865475f))*mulv;}}\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y,double add_value,double multiply_value){long long n=y.numel();if(!n)return;int threads=256;int blocks=(int)((n+threads-1)/threads);if(blocks>65535)blocks=65535;act_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),n,(float)add_value,(float)multiply_value);} \n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_cl_v2\",cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=[\"activation_inplace\"],extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\",\"--use_fast_math\"],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride,add_value,multiply_value):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride); self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last); self.add_value=add_value; self.multiply_value=multiply_value\n def forward(self,x):\n y=self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y,float(self.add_value),float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv_transpose2d 135193.0μs (24%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 135117.0μs (24%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 135063.0μs (24%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 113035.0μs (20%) calls=1 #5: aten::contiguous 12580.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +7 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 2631.62 μs [↑0.4μs REGRESSED] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 8976.6/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=4175.8 write=4800.9 GB/s Hit rates: L2=258.9% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=51.3% Pipe util: FMA=41.5%, Tensor=51.3% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 284.0% [↓0.0% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 2.07 Launch: regs/thread=226, smem/blk=236544B, block=896, grid=1278327 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 40.00 sectors/req (40.0x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 10604.6% #################### short_scoreboard 245.5% #################### mio_throttle 10.8% ## --- Optimization Hints --- -> 10605% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=40.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=40.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 40x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 2631.17→2631.62μs (↑0.45) REGRESSED Occupancy: 284.06→284.02% (↓0.04) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 259.14→258.93% (↓0.21) REGRESSED
turn 97.4s turn · 7.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ntorch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True\ncpp_src=r\"\"\"#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\ncuda_src=r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z){float t=1.0f/(1.0f+0.3275911f*z);float p=(((((1.061405429f*t-1.453152027f)*t)+1.421413741f)*t-0.284496736f)*t+0.254829592f)*t;return p*__expf(-z*z);} \n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,long long n,float addv,float mulv){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;long long stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x;for(long long i=idx;i<n;i+=stride){float v=fminf(y[i]+addv,0.0f);y[i]=(0.5f*v*erfc_approx_pos(-v*0.7071067811865475f))*mulv;}}\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y,double add_value,double multiply_value){long long n=y.numel();if(!n)return;int threads=256;int blocks=(int)((n+threads-1)/threads);if(blocks>65535)blocks=65535;act_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),n,(float)add_value,(float)multiply_value);} \n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_cl_v3\",cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=[\"activation_inplace\"],extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\",\"--use_fast_math\"],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride,add_value,multiply_value):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride); self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last); self.add_value=add_value; self.multiply_value=multiply_value\n def forward(self,x):\n x=x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n y=self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y,float(self.add_value),float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv_transpose2d 1384929.0μs (25%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 1384903.0μs (25%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 1384873.0μs (25%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 1371386.0μs (24%) calls=1 #5: aten::contiguous 33481.0μs (1%) calls=1 ... +7 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 2642.88 μs [↑11.3μs REGRESSED] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 8942.5/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=4164.5 write=4778.0 GB/s Hit rates: L2=262.7% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=50.2% [↓1.1% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=41.4%, Tensor=50.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 284.1% [↑0.0% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 2.06 Launch: regs/thread=226, smem/blk=236544B, block=896, grid=1278327 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 40.00 sectors/req (40.0x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 10669.4% #################### short_scoreboard 237.5% #################### mio_throttle 11.3% ## --- Optimization Hints --- -> 10669% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=40.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=40.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 40x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 2631.62→2642.88μs (↑11.26) REGRESSED Compute%: 51.31→50.20% (↓1.12) REGRESSED Occupancy: 284.02→284.07% (↑0.05) ok L2 hit%: 258.93→262.69% (↑3.76) ok
turn 1011.0s turn · 11.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src=r\"\"\"#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\ncuda_src=r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z){float t=1.0f/(1.0f+0.3275911f*z);float p=(((((1.061405429f*t-1.453152027f)*t)+1.421413741f)*t-0.284496736f)*t+0.254829592f)*t;return p*__expf(-z*z);} \n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,long long n,float addv,float mulv){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;long long stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x;for(long long i=idx;i<n;i+=stride){float v=y[i]+addv;if(v>=0.0f){y[i]=0.0f;}else{y[i]=(0.5f*v*erfc_approx_pos(-v*0.7071067811865475f))*mulv;}}}\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y,double add_value,double multiply_value){long long n=y.numel();if(!n)return;int threads=256;int blocks=(int)((n+threads-1)/threads);if(blocks>65535)blocks=65535;act_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),n,(float)add_value,(float)multiply_value);} \n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_cl_branch_v1\",cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=[\"activation_inplace\"],extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\",\"--use_fast_math\"],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride,add_value,multiply_value):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride); self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last); self.add_value=add_value; self.multiply_value=multiply_value\n def forward(self,x):\n x=x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n y=self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y,float(self.add_value),float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.98e-08 mean_abs_err=1.19e-15 max_rel_err=6.21e-07
turn 115.1s turn · 5.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src=r\"\"\"#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\ncuda_src=r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z){float t=1.0f/(1.0f+0.3275911f*z);float p=(((((1.061405429f*t-1.453152027f)*t)+1.421413741f)*t-0.284496736f)*t+0.254829592f)*t;return p*__expf(-z*z);} \n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,long long n,float addv,float mulv){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;long long stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x;for(long long i=idx;i<n;i+=stride){float v=y[i]+addv;if(v>=0.0f){y[i]=0.0f;}else{y[i]=(0.5f*v*erfc_approx_pos(-v*0.7071067811865475f))*mulv;}}}\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y,double add_value,double multiply_value){long long n=y.numel();if(!n)return;int threads=256;int blocks=(int)((n+threads-1)/threads);if(blocks>65535)blocks=65535;act_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(),n,(float)add_value,(float)multiply_value);} \n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_ext_cl_branch_v1\",cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=[\"activation_inplace\"],extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\",\"--use_fast_math\"],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride,add_value,multiply_value):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride); self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last); self.add_value=add_value; self.multiply_value=multiply_value\n def forward(self,x):\n x=x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n y=self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y,float(self.add_value),float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv_transpose2d 96860.0μs (23%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 96835.0μs (23%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 96812.0μs (23%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 88284.0μs (21%) calls=1 #5: aten::contiguous 11383.0μs (3%) calls=1 ... +7 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 2629.44 μs [↓13.4μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 8977.7/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=4175.2 write=4802.5 GB/s Hit rates: L2=258.9% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=52.2% [↑2.0% ok] Pipe util: FMA=38.8%, Tensor=52.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 284.1% [↑0.0% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 2.07 Launch: regs/thread=228, smem/blk=236544B, block=896, grid=1278327 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 40.00 sectors/req (40.0x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 10698.2% #################### short_scoreboard 235.4% #################### mio_throttle 7.3% # --- Optimization Hints --- -> 10698% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=40.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=40.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 40x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 2642.88→2629.44μs (↓13.44) ok Compute%: 50.20→52.20% (↑2.01) ok Occupancy: 284.07→284.10% (↑0.04) ok L2 hit%: 262.69→258.87% (↓3.81) REGRESSED
turn 1216.7s turn · 16.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering memory format** I'm thinking about whether the model might have moved to CUDA after construction while preserving the channels_last stride. It seems like I might need to override this in the initialization, particularly with conv_transpose using `.to(memory_format=channels_last)` before CUDA changes the weight strides on the CPU. I believe that using `.cuda` would help preserve the memory format, but it's something I need to check carefully to be sure.
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z) {\n float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.3275911f * z);\n float p = (((((1.061405429f * t - 1.453152027f) * t) + 1.421413741f) * t - 0.284496736f) * t + 0.254829592f) * t;\n return p * __expf(-z * z);\n}\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n if (v >= 0.0f) {\n y[i] = 0.0f;\n } else {\n y[i] = (0.5f * v * erfc_approx_pos(-v * inv_sqrt2)) * mulv;\n }\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_final\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super().__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 135.5s turn · 5.5s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);\n\"\"\"\n\ncuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z) {\n float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.3275911f * z);\n float p = (((((1.061405429f * t - 1.453152027f) * t) + 1.421413741f) * t - 0.284496736f) * t + 0.254829592f) * t;\n return p * __expf(-z * z);\n}\n\n__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = y[i] + addv;\n if (v >= 0.0f) {\n y[i] = 0.0f;\n } else {\n y[i] = (0.5f * v * erfc_approx_pos(-v * inv_sqrt2)) * mulv;\n }\n }\n}\n\nvoid activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {\n long long n = y.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"fused_deconv_act_final\", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=[\"activation_inplace\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):\n super().__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n self.add_value = add_value\n self.multiply_value = multiply_value\n def forward(self, x):\n x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))\n return y\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 2.66 μs Runtime stats: mean=2.66μs median=?μs std=0.14μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.98e-08 mean_abs_err=1.19e-15 max_rel_err=6.21e-07 Memory: 1346.25 MB peak (ref: 2403.0 MB, ratio: 0.5602x) Kernel launches: 12 (ref: 20, fusion ratio: 1.6667) Energy: 241.82 mJ/run (ref: 725.8 mJ, ratio: 3.0014x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (61 lines, 2,345 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
void activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value);
"""

cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__device__ __forceinline__ float erfc_approx_pos(float z) {
    float t = 1.0f / (1.0f + 0.3275911f * z);
    float p = (((((1.061405429f * t - 1.453152027f) * t) + 1.421413741f) * t - 0.284496736f) * t + 0.254829592f) * t;
    return p * __expf(-z * z);
}

__global__ void act_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, long long n, float addv, float mulv) {
    long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    const float inv_sqrt2 = 0.70710678118654752440f;
    for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {
        float v = y[i] + addv;
        if (v >= 0.0f) {
            y[i] = 0.0f;
        } else {
            y[i] = (0.5f * v * erfc_approx_pos(-v * inv_sqrt2)) * mulv;
        }
    }
}

void activation_inplace(torch::Tensor y, double add_value, double multiply_value) {
    long long n = y.numel();
    if (n == 0) return;
    int threads = 256;
    int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);
    if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;
    act_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), n, (float)add_value, (float)multiply_value);
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(name="fused_deconv_act_final", cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,
                   functions=["activation_inplace"], extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"], verbose=False)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, add_value, multiply_value):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)
        self.conv_transpose.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
        self.add_value = add_value
        self.multiply_value = multiply_value
    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.contiguous(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
        y = self.conv_transpose(x)
        _ext.activation_inplace(y, float(self.add_value), float(self.multiply_value))
        return y