correct
5_ConvTranspose2d_Subtract_Tanh.py
started
2026-05-04T05:40:37Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
5.89 / — / 0.24 μs
ref mean / median / std
9.30 / — / 0.10 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
2.25x
energyNVML (pynvml)
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.67x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
10145.30 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Model that performs a transposed convolution, subtracts a bias term, and applies tanh activation.
"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv_transpose(x)
x = x - self.bias
x = torch.tanh(x)
return x
batch_size = 32
in_channels = 64
out_channels = 64
height = width = 256
kernel_size = 4
bias_shape = (out_channels, 1, 1)
def get_inputs():
return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]
def get_init_inputs():
return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape]turn 010.5s turn · 10.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs
{}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs
GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3:
total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB
spec entry: H100
GPU Architecture: Hopper
GPU Memory: 80GB
Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s
FP64 TFLOPS: 34
FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67
FP32 TFLOPS: 67
TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity
BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity
INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity
Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM
Maximum number of registers per thread: 255
Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32
Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB
Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 110.3s turn · 10.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <vector>\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ b, long total, int C, int H, int W) {\n long idx = (long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n long HW = (long)H * W;\n for (long i = idx; i < total; i += stride) {\n int c = (int)((i / HW) % C);\n float v = y[i] - b[c];\n y[i] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, conv_b, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const int H = (int)y.size(2);\n const int W = (int)y.size(3);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<long>((total + threads - 1) / threads, 65535L);\n bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 24.9s turn · 4.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <vector>\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ b, long total, int C, int H, int W) {\n long idx = (long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n long HW = (long)H * W;\n for (long i = idx; i < total; i += stride) {\n int c = (int)((i / HW) % C);\n float v = y[i] - b[c];\n y[i] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, conv_b, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const int H = (int)y.size(2);\n const int W = (int)y.size(3);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<long>((total + threads - 1) / threads, 65535L);\n bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.99e-06 mean_abs_err=1.70e-06 max_rel_err=1.12e-05
turn 37.0s turn · 7.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Investigating performance optimizations**
It looks like the potential speedup may be small. I think I need to profile and submit the results to determine the best approach. I’m also considering whether a custom direct kernel could outperform cuDNN. To really understand what's happening, examining the runtime will be essential. I'll definitely focus on those aspects to ensure optimal performance!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <vector>\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ b, long total, int C, int H, int W) {\n long idx = (long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n long HW = (long)H * W;\n for (long i = idx; i < total; i += stride) {\n int c = (int)((i / HW) % C);\n float v = y[i] - b[c];\n y[i] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, conv_b, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const int H = (int)y.size(2);\n const int W = (int)y.size(3);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<long>((total + threads - 1) / threads, 65535L);\n bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::conv_transpose2d 1123647.0μs (25%) calls=1
#2: aten::convolution 1123596.0μs (25%) calls=1
#3: aten::_convolution 1123561.0μs (25%) calls=1
#4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 813649.0μs (18%) calls=1
#5: aten::add_ 309094.0μs (7%) calls=1
... +2 more kernels
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 8245.70 μs
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 14139.7/3350 GB/s (100.0%)
read=7170.4 write=6969.2 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=412.0%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=46.3%
Pipe util: FMA=76.9%, Tensor=46.3%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte
Classification: MEMORY-BOUND
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 465.0%
Eligible warps/cycle: 4.59
Launch: regs/thread=334, smem/blk=252288B, block=1664, grid=2828607
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 17.50 sectors/req (17.5x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 13003.1% ####################
short_scoreboard 933.5% ####################
mio_throttle 346.2% ####################
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 13003% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=17.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=17.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 18x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 418.1s turn · 18.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Profiling convolution performance**
I'm looking into whether adding bias affects the kernel time. The total GPU time clocks in at 8245, and cuDNN is at 8136—after adding 309 for that. It's confusing during profiling because of nesting, so I need to ensure I handle bias correctly. I also want to check if I can use optional parameters in my C++ code, like c10::optional, to streamline things. For activation, the calculations seem right, but I should test the bias order's impact on performance as well.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, long total, int C, int H, int W) {\n long idx = (long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long grid_stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n long HW = (long)H * W;\n for (long i = idx; i < total; i += grid_stride) {\n int c = (int)((i / HW) % C);\n float v = y[i] + cb[c] - sb[c];\n y[i] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const int H = (int)y.size(2);\n const int W = (int)y.size(3);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<long>((total + threads - 1) / threads, 65535L);\n fused_bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 56.1s turn · 6.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, long total, int C, int H, int W) {\n long idx = (long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long grid_stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n long HW = (long)H * W;\n for (long i = idx; i < total; i += grid_stride) {\n int c = (int)((i / HW) % C);\n float v = y[i] + cb[c] - sb[c];\n y[i] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const int H = (int)y.size(2);\n const int W = (int)y.size(3);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<long>((total + threads - 1) / threads, 65535L);\n fused_bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.99e-06 mean_abs_err=1.70e-06 max_rel_err=1.12e-05
turn 66.5s turn · 6.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void fused_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, long total, int C, int H, int W) {\n long idx = (long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long grid_stride = (long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n long HW = (long)H * W;\n for (long i = idx; i < total; i += grid_stride) {\n int c = (int)((i / HW) % C);\n float v = y[i] + cb[c] - sb[c];\n y[i] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const long total = y.numel();\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const int H = (int)y.size(2);\n const int W = (int)y.size(3);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)std::min<long>((total + threads - 1) / threads, 65535L);\n fused_bias_tanh_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::conv_transpose2d 196909.0μs (25%) calls=1
#2: aten::convolution 196850.0μs (25%) calls=1
#3: aten::_convolution 196814.0μs (25%) calls=1
#4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 196036.0μs (25%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 6468.26 μs [↓1777.4μs ok]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 9361.5/3350 GB/s (100.0%)
read=4755.9 write=4605.6 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=311.9%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=39.1% [↓7.2% REGRESSED]
Pipe util: FMA=43.1%, Tensor=39.1%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte
Classification: MEMORY-BOUND
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 293.1% [↓171.9% REGRESSED]
Eligible warps/cycle: 2.09
Launch: regs/thread=298, smem/blk=250240B, block=1408, grid=723255
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 12.00 sectors/req (12.0x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 9630.4% ####################
short_scoreboard 823.7% ####################
mio_throttle 346.9% ####################
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 9630% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=12.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=12.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 12x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 8245.70→6468.26μs (↓1777.44) ok
Compute%: 46.29→39.11% (↓7.19) REGRESSED
Occupancy: 464.99→293.08% (↓171.91) REGRESSED
Eligible warps/cyc: 4.59→2.09 (↓2.50) REGRESSED
Ld sectors/req: 17.50→12.00 (↓5.50) ok
L2 hit%: 412.00→311.89% (↓100.11) REGRESSED
turn 721.4s turn · 21.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void plane_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long off = (long)nc * HW;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n for (long p = threadIdx.x; p < HW; p += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[off + p] + add;\n y[off + p] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n plane_bias_tanh_kernel<<<N*C, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v3', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 85.6s turn · 5.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void plane_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long off = (long)nc * HW;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n for (long p = threadIdx.x; p < HW; p += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[off + p] + add;\n y[off + p] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n plane_bias_tanh_kernel<<<N*C, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v3', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.99e-06 mean_abs_err=1.70e-06 max_rel_err=1.00e+00
turn 98.4s turn · 8.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void plane_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long off = (long)nc * HW;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n for (long p = threadIdx.x; p < HW; p += blockDim.x) {\n float v = y[off + p] + add;\n y[off + p] = tanhf(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n plane_bias_tanh_kernel<<<N*C, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v3', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::conv_transpose2d 121675.0μs (25%) calls=1
#2: aten::convolution 121622.0μs (25%) calls=1
#3: aten::_convolution 121587.0μs (25%) calls=1
#4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 120786.0μs (25%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 6943.17 μs [↑474.9μs REGRESSED]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 9363.5/3350 GB/s (100.0%)
read=4806.4 write=4557.2 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=314.0%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=38.4% [↓0.7% REGRESSED]
Pipe util: FMA=26.4%, Tensor=38.4%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte
Classification: MEMORY-BOUND
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 311.8% [↑18.8% ok]
Eligible warps/cycle: 1.38
Launch: regs/thread=280, smem/blk=250240B, block=1408, grid=659768
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 14.87 sectors/req (14.9x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 23347.2% ####################
short_scoreboard 772.1% ####################
mio_throttle 320.2% ####################
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 23347% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=14.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=14.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 15x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 6468.26→6943.17μs (↑474.91) REGRESSED
Compute%: 39.11→38.41% (↓0.70) REGRESSED
Occupancy: 293.08→311.85% (↑18.77) ok
Eligible warps/cyc: 2.09→1.38 (↓0.71) REGRESSED
Ld sectors/req: 12.00→14.87 (↑2.87) REGRESSED
L2 hit%: 311.89→314.04% (↑2.15) ok
turn 1014.3s turn · 14.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long p = ((long)blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x) * 4;\n long off = (long)nc * HW + p;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n if (p + 3 < HW) {\n float v0 = y[off] + add;\n float v1 = y[off+1] + add;\n float v2 = y[off+2] + add;\n float v3 = y[off+3] + add;\n y[off] = tanhf(v0);\n y[off+1] = tanhf(v1);\n y[off+2] = tanhf(v2);\n y[off+3] = tanhf(v3);\n } else {\n for (int j=0; j<4 && p+j<HW; ++j) {\n float v = y[off+j] + add;\n y[off+j] = tanhf(v);\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n dim3 grid(N*C, (unsigned int)((HW + 1024 - 1) / 1024));\n tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v4', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 117.7s turn · 7.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long p = ((long)blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x) * 4;\n long off = (long)nc * HW + p;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n if (p + 3 < HW) {\n float v0 = y[off] + add;\n float v1 = y[off+1] + add;\n float v2 = y[off+2] + add;\n float v3 = y[off+3] + add;\n y[off] = tanhf(v0);\n y[off+1] = tanhf(v1);\n y[off+2] = tanhf(v2);\n y[off+3] = tanhf(v3);\n } else {\n for (int j=0; j<4 && p+j<HW; ++j) {\n float v = y[off+j] + add;\n y[off+j] = tanhf(v);\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n dim3 grid(N*C, (unsigned int)((HW + 1024 - 1) / 1024));\n tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v4', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.99e-06 mean_abs_err=1.70e-06 max_rel_err=1.00e+00
turn 12 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.3s turn · 11.3s LLM · 6,456 chars (click to expand)
turn 1211.3s turn · 11.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering convolution updates**
I’m thinking about how our v2 version might avoid convolution bias when adding, and whether using cuDNN with no-bias could speed things up. There's also a possibility of needing to finalize v2, but I’m wondering if we should profile for v4 as well. Profiling might be quicker to do in commentary. There's a lot to consider, and I want to ensure we’re making the best decisions regarding performance improvements!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long p = ((long)blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x) * 4;\n long off = (long)nc * HW + p;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n if (p + 3 < HW) {\n float v0 = y[off] + add;\n float v1 = y[off+1] + add;\n float v2 = y[off+2] + add;\n float v3 = y[off+3] + add;\n y[off] = tanhf(v0);\n y[off+1] = tanhf(v1);\n y[off+2] = tanhf(v2);\n y[off+3] = tanhf(v3);\n } else {\n for (int j=0; j<4 && p+j<HW; ++j) {\n float v = y[off+j] + add;\n y[off+j] = tanhf(v);\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n dim3 grid(N*C, (unsigned int)((HW + 1024 - 1) / 1024));\n tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v4', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::conv_transpose2d 127889.0μs (25%) calls=1
#2: aten::convolution 127823.0μs (25%) calls=1
#3: aten::_convolution 127751.0μs (25%) calls=1
#4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 126879.0μs (25%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 5834.88 μs [↓1108.3μs ok]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 10126.9/3350 GB/s (100.0%)
read=5138.9 write=4988.0 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=315.0%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=38.3% [↓0.1% REGRESSED]
Pipe util: FMA=30.6%, Tensor=38.3%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte
Classification: MEMORY-BOUND
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 302.8% [↓9.1% REGRESSED]
Eligible warps/cycle: 1.51
Launch: regs/thread=280, smem/blk=250240B, block=1408, grid=1186104
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 21.32 sectors/req (21.3x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 14271.7% ####################
short_scoreboard 883.8% ####################
mio_throttle 412.2% ####################
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 14272% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=21.3 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=21.3x (ideal=1.0) -> 21x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 6943.17→5834.88μs (↓1108.29) ok
Compute%: 38.41→38.29% (↓0.12) REGRESSED
Occupancy: 311.85→302.77% (↓9.07) REGRESSED
Eligible warps/cyc: 1.38→1.51 (↑0.13) ok
Ld sectors/req: 14.87→21.32 (↑6.45) REGRESSED
L2 hit%: 314.04→315.00% (↑0.97) ok
turn 139.0s turn · 9.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long p = ((long)blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x) * 4;\n long off = (long)nc * HW + p;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n if (p + 3 < HW) {\n float v0 = y[off] + add;\n float v1 = y[off+1] + add;\n float v2 = y[off+2] + add;\n float v3 = y[off+3] + add;\n y[off] = tanhf(v0);\n y[off+1] = tanhf(v1);\n y[off+2] = tanhf(v2);\n y[off+3] = tanhf(v3);\n } else {\n for (int j=0; j<4 && p+j<HW; ++j) {\n float v = y[off+j] + add;\n y[off+j] = tanhf(v);\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n dim3 grid(N*C, (unsigned int)((HW + 1024 - 1) / 1024));\n tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_v4', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check
static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 147.5s turn · 7.5s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <vector>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n long p = ((long)blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x) * 4;\n long off = (long)nc * HW + p;\n float add = cb[c] - sb[c];\n if (p + 3 < HW) {\n float v0 = y[off] + add;\n float v1 = y[off+1] + add;\n float v2 = y[off+2] + add;\n float v3 = y[off+3] + add;\n y[off] = tanhf(v0);\n y[off+1] = tanhf(v1);\n y[off+2] = tanhf(v2);\n y[off+3] = tanhf(v3);\n } else {\n for (int j=0; j<4 && p+j<HW; ++j) {\n float v = y[off+j] + add;\n y[off+j] = tanhf(v);\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,\n int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {\n c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};\n c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);\n const int N = (int)y.size(0);\n const int C = (int)y.size(1);\n const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);\n dim3 grid(N*C, (unsigned int)((HW + 1024 - 1) / 1024));\n tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.output_padding = output_padding\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 5.89 μs
Runtime stats: mean=5.89μs median=?μs std=0.24μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.99e-06 mean_abs_err=1.70e-06 max_rel_err=1.00e+00
Memory: 5169.77 MB peak (ref: 5169.77 MB, ratio: 1.0x)
Kernel launches: 4 (ref: 9, fusion ratio: 2.25)
Energy: 726.14 mJ/run (ref: 1210.68 mJ, ratio: 1.6673x)
SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (75 lines, 3,217 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/ATen.h>
torch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,
int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding);
'''
cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/ATen.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include <vector>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
__global__ void tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ cb, const float* __restrict__ sb, int C, long HW) {
int nc = blockIdx.x;
int c = nc % C;
long p = ((long)blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x) * 4;
long off = (long)nc * HW + p;
float add = cb[c] - sb[c];
if (p + 3 < HW) {
float v0 = y[off] + add;
float v1 = y[off+1] + add;
float v2 = y[off+2] + add;
float v3 = y[off+3] + add;
y[off] = tanhf(v0);
y[off+1] = tanhf(v1);
y[off+2] = tanhf(v2);
y[off+3] = tanhf(v3);
} else {
for (int j=0; j<4 && p+j<HW; ++j) {
float v = y[off+j] + add;
y[off+j] = tanhf(v);
}
}
}
torch::Tensor convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor w, torch::Tensor conv_b, torch::Tensor sub_b,
int64_t stride, int64_t padding, int64_t output_padding) {
c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());
std::vector<int64_t> strides = {stride, stride};
std::vector<int64_t> pads = {padding, padding};
std::vector<int64_t> outpads = {output_padding, output_padding};
std::vector<int64_t> dilation = {1, 1};
c10::optional<torch::Tensor> no_bias = c10::nullopt;
auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, w, no_bias, strides, pads, outpads, 1, dilation);
const int N = (int)y.size(0);
const int C = (int)y.size(1);
const long HW = (long)y.size(2) * y.size(3);
dim3 grid(N*C, (unsigned int)((HW + 1024 - 1) / 1024));
tiled4_bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, 256, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), conv_b.data_ptr<float>(), sub_b.data_ptr<float>(), C, HW);
return y;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(name='convtrans_bias_tanh_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,
functions=['convtrans_fused_bias_tanh'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
self.stride = stride
self.padding = padding
self.output_padding = output_padding
def forward(self, x):
return _ext.convtrans_fused_bias_tanh(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.output_padding)