gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
correct 46_Conv2d_Subtract_Tanh_Subtract_AvgPool.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
12 / 15
tool calls
12
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
8.38 μs
ref runtime
10.80 μs
speedup
1.29x
started
2026-05-04T06:34:02Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
8.38 μs
ref runtime
10.80 μs
speedup
1.29x
kernel mean / median / std
8.38 / — / 0.01 μs
ref mean / median / std
10.80 / — / 0.03 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
7.27e-06
mean abs error
7.48e-07
max rel error
13.00
mean rel error
1.80e-06
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
1785.88 MB
ref peak
2530.06 MB
kernel / ref
0.71x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
8
ref launches
11
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.38x
total cuda time
32175 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
967.10
ref mJ / run
1451.00
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.50x
avg power
115.48 W
ref avg power
134.38 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
65.4%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
9221.17 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
297.8%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
65.4%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
300.6%
ld sectors / req
33.63
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
332
smem / block
79104 B
block size
1024
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
9568.1%
short_scoreboard
437.9%
mio_throttle
83.9%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a convolution, subtraction, tanh activation, subtraction and average pooling.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
        self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value
        self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value
        self.avgpool = nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size_pool)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = x - self.subtract1_value
        x = torch.tanh(x)
        x = x - self.subtract2_value
        x = self.avgpool(x)
        return x

batch_size = 128
in_channels = 64
out_channels = 128
height, width = 128, 128
kernel_size = 3
subtract1_value = 0.5
subtract2_value = 0.2
kernel_size_pool = 2

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool]
turn 013.3s turn · 13.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering PyTorch options** I'm thinking about using a PyTorch operation, which might be acceptable for this task. It looks like the expectation is to create a custom CUDA kernel. However, I'm wondering if the extension host wrapper should utilize torch convolution, specifically at::convolution, alongside the custom post-kernel. It feels like there’s a lot to consider here, so I want to ensure I’m approaching this correctly before proceeding with any implementations.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 47.0s turn · 47.0s LLM · 12,921 chars (click to expand)
turn 147.0s turn · 47.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <vector>\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % (Wc/2);\n int t = idx / (Wc/2);\n int oh = t % (Hc/2);\n t /= (Hc/2);\n int c = t % gridDim.y; // not used, wrong if grid y\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1;\n int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + (oh<<1))*Wc + (ow<<1);\n float a = tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = tanhf(y[base + Wc] - s1);\n float d = tanhf(y[base + Wc + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc / pk;\n int Ho = Hc / pk;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n long long base0 = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + oh*pk)*Wc + ow*pk;\n for (int i=0;i<pk;i++) {\n long long base = base0 + (long long)i*Wc;\n for (int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum += tanhf(y[base+j] - s1);\n }\n out[idx] = sum / (float)(pk*pk) - s2;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = torch::conv2d(x, weight, bias, {1,1}, {0,0}, {1,1}, 1);\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = Hc / pool_k, Wo = Wc / pool_k;\n auto out = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, conv.options());\n int64_t total64 = N*C*Ho*Wo;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total64 + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (pool_k == 2) {\n post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else {\n post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_source, cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['fused_forward'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value\n self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value\n self.kernel_size_pool = kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.conv.weight, self.conv.bias, float(self.subtract1_value), float(self.subtract2_value), int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(62): error: more than one instance of overloaded function "torch::conv2d" matches the argument list: function "at::conv2d(const at::Tensor &, const at::Tensor &, const std::optional<at::Tensor> &, at::IntArrayRef, c10::string_view, at::IntArrayRef, int64_t)" (declared at line 50 of /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/ATen/ops/conv2d.h) function "at::conv2d(const at::Tensor &, const at::Tensor &, const std::optional<at::Tensor> &, at::IntArrayRef, at::IntArrayRef, at::IntArrayRef, int64_t)" (declared at line 28 of /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/ATen/ops/conv2d.h) argument types are: (at::Tensor, at::Tensor, at::Tensor, {...}, {...}, {...}, int) auto conv = torch::conv2d(x, weight, bias, {1,1}, {0,0}, {1,1}, 1); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(71): error: type name is not allowed post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(71): error: expected an expression post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(71): error: type name is not allowed post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(71): error: expected an expression post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(73): error: type name is not allowed post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(73): error: expected an expression post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(73): error: type name is not allowed post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu(73): error: expected an expression post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2); ^ 9 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_46_cache/k_cf8ea4921f37/fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v1/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 212.1s turn · 12.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = Hc / pool_k, Wo = Wc / pool_k;\n auto out = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1;\n int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + (oh<<1))*Wc + (ow<<1);\n float a = tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = tanhf(y[base + Wc] - s1);\n float d = tanhf(y[base + Wc + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc / pk;\n int Ho = Hc / pk;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n long long base0 = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + oh*pk)*Wc + ow*pk;\n for (int i=0;i<pk;i++) {\n long long base = base0 + (long long)i*Wc;\n for (int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum += tanhf(y[base+j] - s1);\n }\n out[idx] = sum / (float)(pk*pk) - s2;\n}\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = Hc / pool_k, Wo = Wc / pool_k;\n int64_t total64 = N*C*Ho*Wo;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total64 + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (pool_k == 2) {\n post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else {\n post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n }\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_source, cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['fused_forward'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value\n self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value\n self.kernel_size_pool = kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.conv.weight, self.conv.bias, float(self.subtract1_value), float(self.subtract2_value), int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 314.0s turn · 14.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = Hc / pool_k, Wo = Wc / pool_k;\n auto out = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1;\n int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + (oh<<1))*Wc + (ow<<1);\n float a = tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = tanhf(y[base + Wc] - s1);\n float d = tanhf(y[base + Wc + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc / pk;\n int Ho = Hc / pk;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n long long base0 = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + oh*pk)*Wc + ow*pk;\n for (int i=0;i<pk;i++) {\n long long base = base0 + (long long)i*Wc;\n for (int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum += tanhf(y[base+j] - s1);\n }\n out[idx] = sum / (float)(pk*pk) - s2;\n}\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = Hc / pool_k, Wo = Wc / pool_k;\n int64_t total64 = N*C*Ho*Wo;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total64 + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (pool_k == 2) {\n post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else {\n post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n }\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_source, cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['fused_forward'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value\n self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value\n self.kernel_size_pool = kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.conv.weight, self.conv.bias, float(self.subtract1_value), float(self.subtract2_value), int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.79e-07 mean_abs_err=1.78e-08 max_rel_err=1.49e+04
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 9.4s turn · 9.4s LLM · 6,948 chars (click to expand)
turn 49.4s turn · 9.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering performance improvement** I'm contemplating whether to submit now or hold off a bit. Maybe I should think about enhancing the performance with a fusion post—whatever that exactly means! It feels like there's room for improvement, and I want to make sure I’m doing things right before taking that step. I'll keep this in mind as I evaluate the best course of action for optimizing the profile and performance!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = Hc / pool_k, Wo = Wc / pool_k;\n auto out = torch::empty({N, C, Ho, Wo}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1;\n int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + (oh<<1))*Wc + (ow<<1);\n float a = tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = tanhf(y[base + Wc] - s1);\n float d = tanhf(y[base + Wc + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc / pk;\n int Ho = Hc / pk;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n long long base0 = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + oh*pk)*Wc + ow*pk;\n for (int i=0;i<pk;i++) {\n long long base = base0 + (long long)i*Wc;\n for (int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum += tanhf(y[base+j] - s1);\n }\n out[idx] = sum / (float)(pk*pk) - s2;\n}\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t Ho = Hc / pool_k, Wo = Wc / pool_k;\n int64_t total64 = N*C*Ho*Wo;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total64 + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (pool_k == 2) {\n post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else {\n post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n }\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v2p', cpp_sources=cpp_source, cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['fused_forward'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value\n self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value\n self.kernel_size_pool = kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.conv.weight, self.conv.bias, float(self.subtract1_value), float(self.subtract2_value), int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv2d 148538.0μs (25%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 148486.0μs (25%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 148452.0μs (25%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution 138011.0μs (23%) calls=1 #5: aten::add_ 9551.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +3 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 3316.16 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 8732.6/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=5063.4 write=3669.3 GB/s Hit rates: L2=302.9% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=66.1% Pipe util: FMA=72.8%, Tensor=66.1% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 301.8% Eligible warps/cycle: 6.91 Launch: regs/thread=338, smem/blk=79104B, block=1024, grid=1417284 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 33.63 sectors/req (33.6x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 6196.4% #################### short_scoreboard 372.5% #################### mio_throttle 116.9% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 6196% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=33.6 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=33.6x (ideal=1.0) -> 34x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 513.1s turn · 13.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2)/pool_k, conv.size(3)/pool_k}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1; int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo; int tmp = idx / Wo; int oh = tmp % Ho; tmp /= Ho; int c = tmp % C; int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + (oh<<1))*Wc + (ow<<1);\n float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1); float b = __tanhf(y[base+1] - s1);\n float c0 = __tanhf(y[base+Wc] - s1); float d = __tanhf(y[base+Wc+1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;\n}\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx>=total) return;\n int Wo=Wc/pk; int Ho=Hc/pk; int ow=idx%Wo; int tmp=idx/Wo; int oh=tmp%Ho; tmp/=Ho; int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C;\n float sum=0.0f; long long base0=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+oh*pk)*Wc+ow*pk;\n for(int i=0;i<pk;i++){ long long base=base0+(long long)i*Wc; for(int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum += __tanhf(y[base+j]-s1); }\n out[idx]=sum/(float)(pk*pk)-s2;\n}\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N=conv.size(0), C=conv.size(1), Hc=conv.size(2), Wc=conv.size(3); int64_t total64=N*C*(Hc/pool_k)*(Wc/pool_k);\n int threads=256; int blocks=(int)((total64+threads-1)/threads); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if(pool_k==2) post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n else post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(int)pool_k,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v3', cpp_sources=cpp_source, cuda_sources=cuda_source, functions=['fused_forward'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.conv=nn.Conv2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size); self.subtract1_value=subtract1_value; self.subtract2_value=subtract2_value; self.kernel_size_pool=kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x,self.conv.weight,self.conv.bias,float(self.subtract1_value),float(self.subtract2_value),int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.27e-06 mean_abs_err=7.48e-07 max_rel_err=2.38e+05
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 8.7s turn · 8.7s LLM · 6,169 chars (click to expand)
turn 68.7s turn · 8.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2)/pool_k, conv.size(3)/pool_k}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1; int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo; int tmp = idx / Wo; int oh = tmp % Ho; tmp /= Ho; int c = tmp % C; int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C + c)*Hc + (oh<<1))*Wc + (ow<<1);\n float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1); float b = __tanhf(y[base+1] - s1);\n float c0 = __tanhf(y[base+Wc] - s1); float d = __tanhf(y[base+Wc+1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;\n}\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx>=total) return;\n int Wo=Wc/pk; int Ho=Hc/pk; int ow=idx%Wo; int tmp=idx/Wo; int oh=tmp%Ho; tmp/=Ho; int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C;\n float sum=0.0f; long long base0=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+oh*pk)*Wc+ow*pk;\n for(int i=0;i<pk;i++){ long long base=base0+(long long)i*Wc; for(int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum += __tanhf(y[base+j]-s1); }\n out[idx]=sum/(float)(pk*pk)-s2;\n}\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N=conv.size(0), C=conv.size(1), Hc=conv.size(2), Wc=conv.size(3); int64_t total64=N*C*(Hc/pool_k)*(Wc/pool_k);\n int threads=256; int blocks=(int)((total64+threads-1)/threads); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if(pool_k==2) post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n else post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(int)pool_k,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v3p', cpp_sources=cpp_source, cuda_sources=cuda_source, functions=['fused_forward'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.conv=nn.Conv2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size); self.subtract1_value=subtract1_value; self.subtract2_value=subtract2_value; self.kernel_size_pool=kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x,self.conv.weight,self.conv.bias,float(self.subtract1_value),float(self.subtract2_value),int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv2d 113743.0μs (25%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 113690.0μs (25%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 113657.0μs (25%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution 102588.0μs (23%) calls=1 #5: aten::add_ 10216.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +3 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 3256.86 μs [↓59.3μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 9074.4/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=5340.7 write=3733.7 GB/s Hit rates: L2=302.5% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=66.2% [↑0.2% ok] Pipe util: FMA=65.3%, Tensor=66.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 298.3% [↓3.5% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 4.32 Launch: regs/thread=334, smem/blk=79104B, block=1024, grid=1417284 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 33.63 sectors/req (33.6x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 6914.8% #################### short_scoreboard 417.4% #################### mio_throttle 120.8% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 6915% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=33.6 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=33.6x (ideal=1.0) -> 34x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 3316.16→3256.86μs (↓59.30) ok Compute%: 66.05→66.24% (↑0.18) ok Occupancy: 301.76→298.30% (↓3.46) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 6.91→4.32 (↓2.58) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 302.87→302.46% (↓0.41) REGRESSED
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 30.6s turn · 30.6s LLM · 7,550 chars (click to expand)
turn 730.6s turn · 30.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Exploring tensor operations** I’m considering how to handle the modified bias in convolution operations. It seems like avoiding a subtraction might help with performance, although it creates a new tensor with each call. Precomputing could be an option, but I wonder about the implications of bias changes during evaluation. If weights are fixed after copying, I might use a specific operation to subtract values without much overhead. I’m also questioning whether using C++ for subtraction on the CPU would be worth it compared to GPU allocation.
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2)/pool_k, conv.size(3)/pool_k}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k); return out;\n}\n'''\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#define C0 128\n#define HC 126\n#define WC 126\n#define HO 63\n#define WO 63\n__global__ void post_pool2_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % WO;\n int tmp = idx / WO;\n int oh = tmp % HO;\n tmp /= HO;\n int c = tmp & 127;\n int n = tmp >> 7;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C0 + c)*HC + (oh<<1))*WC + (ow<<1);\n float a=__tanhf(y[base]-s1), b=__tanhf(y[base+1]-s1), c0=__tanhf(y[base+WC]-s1), d=__tanhf(y[base+WC+1]-s1);\n out[idx]=0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;\n}\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total)return; int Wo=Wc>>1; int Ho=Hc>>1; int ow=idx%Wo; int tmp=idx/Wo; int oh=tmp%Ho; tmp/=Ho; int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C; long long base=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+(oh<<1))*Wc+(ow<<1); float a=__tanhf(y[base]-s1),b=__tanhf(y[base+1]-s1),c0=__tanhf(y[base+Wc]-s1),d=__tanhf(y[base+Wc+1]-s1); out[idx]=0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;\n}\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total)return; int Wo=Wc/pk; int Ho=Hc/pk; int ow=idx%Wo; int tmp=idx/Wo; int oh=tmp%Ho; tmp/=Ho; int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C; float sum=0; long long base0=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+oh*pk)*Wc+ow*pk; for(int i=0;i<pk;i++){long long base=base0+(long long)i*Wc; for(int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum+=__tanhf(y[base+j]-s1);} out[idx]=sum/(float)(pk*pk)-s2;}\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N=conv.size(0), C=conv.size(1), Hc=conv.size(2), Wc=conv.size(3); int64_t total64=N*C*(Hc/pool_k)*(Wc/pool_k); int threads=256; int blocks=(int)((total64+threads-1)/threads); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if(pool_k==2 && C==128 && Hc==126 && Wc==126) post_pool2_fixed_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n else if(pool_k==2) post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n else post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(int)pool_k,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v4p',cpp_sources=cpp_source,cuda_sources=cuda_source,functions=['fused_forward'],extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,subtract1_value,subtract2_value,kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.conv=nn.Conv2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size); self.subtract1_value=subtract1_value; self.subtract2_value=subtract2_value; self.kernel_size_pool=kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self,x): return _ext.fused_forward(x,self.conv.weight,self.conv.bias,float(self.subtract1_value),float(self.subtract2_value),int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv2d 116845.0μs (25%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 116796.0μs (25%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 116761.0μs (25%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution 101414.0μs (22%) calls=1 #5: aten::add_ 14532.0μs (3%) calls=1 ... +3 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 3235.62 μs [↓21.2μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 9235.3/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=5471.4 write=3763.9 GB/s Hit rates: L2=300.4% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=65.4% [↓0.8% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=50.0%, Tensor=65.4% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 297.5% [↓0.8% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 3.26 Launch: regs/thread=332, smem/blk=79104B, block=1024, grid=1417284 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 33.63 sectors/req (33.6x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 9580.2% #################### short_scoreboard 409.6% #################### mio_throttle 84.3% ################ --- Optimization Hints --- -> 9580% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=33.6 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=33.6x (ideal=1.0) -> 34x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 3256.86→3235.62μs (↓21.25) ok Compute%: 66.24→65.40% (↓0.84) REGRESSED Occupancy: 298.30→297.49% (↓0.81) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 4.32→3.26 (↓1.06) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 302.46→300.36% (↓2.10) REGRESSED
turn 813.9s turn · 13.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2)/pool_k, conv.size(3)/pool_k}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k); return out;\n}\n'''\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#define C0 128\n#define HC 126\n#define WC 126\n#define HO 63\n#define WO 63\n__global__ void post_pool2_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % WO;\n int tmp = idx / WO;\n int oh = tmp % HO;\n tmp /= HO;\n int c = tmp & 127;\n int n = tmp >> 7;\n long long base = (((long long)n*C0 + c)*HC + (oh<<1))*WC + (ow<<1);\n float a=__tanhf(y[base]-s1), b=__tanhf(y[base+1]-s1), c0=__tanhf(y[base+WC]-s1), d=__tanhf(y[base+WC+1]-s1);\n out[idx]=0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;\n}\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total)return; int Wo=Wc>>1; int Ho=Hc>>1; int ow=idx%Wo; int tmp=idx/Wo; int oh=tmp%Ho; tmp/=Ho; int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C; long long base=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+(oh<<1))*Wc+(ow<<1); float a=__tanhf(y[base]-s1),b=__tanhf(y[base+1]-s1),c0=__tanhf(y[base+Wc]-s1),d=__tanhf(y[base+Wc+1]-s1); out[idx]=0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;\n}\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total)return; int Wo=Wc/pk; int Ho=Hc/pk; int ow=idx%Wo; int tmp=idx/Wo; int oh=tmp%Ho; tmp/=Ho; int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C; float sum=0; long long base0=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+oh*pk)*Wc+ow*pk; for(int i=0;i<pk;i++){long long base=base0+(long long)i*Wc; for(int j=0;j<pk;j++) sum+=__tanhf(y[base+j]-s1);} out[idx]=sum/(float)(pk*pk)-s2;}\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N=conv.size(0), C=conv.size(1), Hc=conv.size(2), Wc=conv.size(3); int64_t total64=N*C*(Hc/pool_k)*(Wc/pool_k); int threads=256; int blocks=(int)((total64+threads-1)/threads); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if(pool_k==2 && C==128 && Hc==126 && Wc==126) post_pool2_fixed_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n else if(pool_k==2) post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n else post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(int)pool_k,(float)subtract1,(float)subtract2);\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v4c',cpp_sources=cpp_source,cuda_sources=cuda_source,functions=['fused_forward'],extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,subtract1_value,subtract2_value,kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.conv=nn.Conv2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size); self.subtract1_value=subtract1_value; self.subtract2_value=subtract2_value; self.kernel_size_pool=kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self,x): return _ext.fused_forward(x,self.conv.weight,self.conv.bias,float(self.subtract1_value),float(self.subtract2_value),int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.27e-06 mean_abs_err=7.48e-07 max_rel_err=1.30e+01
turn 9 · 1 tool call(s) · 25.6s turn · 25.6s LLM · 7,256 chars (click to expand)
turn 925.6s turn · 25.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Exploring optimization strategies** I’m considering ways to optimize my code without mutation. Creating a custom class to override load_state_dict and reset a flag might work, but a direct parameter copy seems tricky. Instead, I could use _load_from_state_dict. Using a forward check to compare if the bias is adjusted might not be reliable either. However, it seems like adjusting the bias within the convolution operation could save resources overall. I think profiling it further could clarify what's optimal. Let’s put that to the test!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto badj = bias - subtract1;\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(badj), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}), at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2)/pool_k, conv.size(3)/pool_k}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract2, pool_k); return out;\n}\n'''\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#define C0 128\n#define HC 126\n#define WC 126\n#define HO 63\n#define WO 63\n__global__ void post_pool2_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out, int total, float s2) {\n int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total)return; int ow=idx%WO; int tmp=idx/WO; int oh=tmp%HO; tmp/=HO; int c=tmp&127; int n=tmp>>7; long long base=(((long long)n*C0+c)*HC+(oh<<1))*WC+(ow<<1); float a=__tanhf(y[base]),b=__tanhf(y[base+1]),c0=__tanhf(y[base+WC]),d=__tanhf(y[base+WC+1]); out[idx]=0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;\n}\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y,float* __restrict__ out,int total,int C,int Hc,int Wc,float s2){int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;if(idx>=total)return;int Wo=Wc>>1;int Ho=Hc>>1;int ow=idx%Wo;int tmp=idx/Wo;int oh=tmp%Ho;tmp/=Ho;int c=tmp%C;int n=tmp/C;long long base=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+(oh<<1))*Wc+(ow<<1);float a=__tanhf(y[base]),b=__tanhf(y[base+1]),c0=__tanhf(y[base+Wc]),d=__tanhf(y[base+Wc+1]);out[idx]=0.25f*(a+b+c0+d)-s2;}\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y,float* __restrict__ out,int total,int C,int Hc,int Wc,int pk,float s2){int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;if(idx>=total)return;int Wo=Wc/pk;int Ho=Hc/pk;int ow=idx%Wo;int tmp=idx/Wo;int oh=tmp%Ho;tmp/=Ho;int c=tmp%C;int n=tmp/C;float sum=0;long long base0=(((long long)n*C+c)*Hc+oh*pk)*Wc+ow*pk;for(int i=0;i<pk;i++){long long base=base0+(long long)i*Wc;for(int j=0;j<pk;j++)sum+=__tanhf(y[base+j]);}out[idx]=sum/(float)(pk*pk)-s2;}\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k){int64_t N=conv.size(0),C=conv.size(1),Hc=conv.size(2),Wc=conv.size(3);int64_t total64=N*C*(Hc/pool_k)*(Wc/pool_k);int threads=256;int blocks=(int)((total64+threads-1)/threads);cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();if(pool_k==2&&C==128&&Hc==126&&Wc==126)post_pool2_fixed_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(float)subtract2);else if(pool_k==2)post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(float)subtract2);else post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(),out.data_ptr<float>(),(int)total64,(int)C,(int)Hc,(int)Wc,(int)pool_k,(float)subtract2);}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_ext_v5p',cpp_sources=cpp_source,cuda_sources=cuda_source,functions=['fused_forward'],extra_cflags=['-O3'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,subtract1_value,subtract2_value,kernel_size_pool): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.conv=nn.Conv2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size); self.subtract1_value=subtract1_value; self.subtract2_value=subtract2_value; self.kernel_size_pool=kernel_size_pool\n def forward(self,x): return _ext.fused_forward(x,self.conv.weight,self.conv.bias,float(self.subtract1_value),float(self.subtract2_value),int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv2d 109156.0μs (24%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 109105.0μs (24%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 109055.0μs (24%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution 107253.0μs (23%) calls=1 #5: aten::sub 11143.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +5 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 3238.08 μs [↑2.5μs REGRESSED] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 9237.4/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=5473.3 write=3764.2 GB/s Hit rates: L2=400.6% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=65.6% [↑0.2% ok] Pipe util: FMA=49.4%, Tensor=65.6% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 303.8% [↑6.3% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 3.29 Launch: regs/thread=364, smem/blk=80128B, block=1152, grid=1417285 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 37.63 sectors/req (37.6x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 10425.0% #################### short_scoreboard 473.4% #################### mio_throttle 84.8% ################ --- Optimization Hints --- -> 10425% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=37.6 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=37.6x (ideal=1.0) -> 38x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 3235.62→3238.08μs (↑2.46) REGRESSED Compute%: 65.40→65.55% (↑0.16) ok Occupancy: 297.49→303.82% (↑6.33) ok Eligible warps/cyc: 3.26→3.29 (↑0.03) ok Ld sectors/req: 33.63→37.63 (↑4.00) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 300.36→400.64% (↑100.29) ok
turn 10 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 6,141 chars (click to expand)
turn 1014.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias,\n double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias),\n at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}),\n at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2) / pool_k, conv.size(3) / pool_k}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n#define C0 128\n#define HC 126\n#define WC 126\n#define HO 63\n#define WO 63\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % WO;\n int tmp = idx / WO;\n int oh = tmp % HO;\n tmp /= HO;\n int c = tmp & 127;\n int n = tmp >> 7;\n long long base = (((long long)n * C0 + c) * HC + (oh << 1)) * WC + (ow << 1);\n float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = __tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = __tanhf(y[base + WC] - s1);\n float d = __tanhf(y[base + WC + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1;\n int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n * C + c) * Hc + (oh << 1)) * Wc + (ow << 1);\n float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = __tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = __tanhf(y[base + Wc] - s1);\n float d = __tanhf(y[base + Wc + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc / pk;\n int Ho = Hc / pk;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n long long base0 = (((long long)n * C + c) * Hc + oh * pk) * Wc + ow * pk;\n for (int i = 0; i < pk; ++i) {\n long long base = base0 + (long long)i * Wc;\n for (int j = 0; j < pk; ++j) sum += __tanhf(y[base + j] - s1);\n }\n out[idx] = sum / (float)(pk * pk) - s2;\n}\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t total64 = N * C * (Hc / pool_k) * (Wc / pool_k);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total64 + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (pool_k == 2 && C == 128 && Hc == 126 && Wc == 126) {\n post_pool2_fixed_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else if (pool_k == 2) {\n post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else {\n post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n }\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_final',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value\n self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value\n self.kernel_size_pool = kernel_size_pool\n\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.conv.weight, self.conv.bias,\n float(self.subtract1_value), float(self.subtract2_value), int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 11 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 13.9s turn · 13.9s LLM · 6,503 chars (click to expand)
turn 1113.9s turn · 13.9s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias,\n double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias),\n at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}),\n at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);\n auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2) / pool_k, conv.size(3) / pool_k}, conv.options());\n launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_source = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n#define C0 128\n#define HC 126\n#define WC 126\n#define HO 63\n#define WO 63\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % WO;\n int tmp = idx / WO;\n int oh = tmp % HO;\n tmp /= HO;\n int c = tmp & 127;\n int n = tmp >> 7;\n long long base = (((long long)n * C0 + c) * HC + (oh << 1)) * WC + (ow << 1);\n float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = __tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = __tanhf(y[base + WC] - s1);\n float d = __tanhf(y[base + WC + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc >> 1;\n int Ho = Hc >> 1;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n long long base = (((long long)n * C + c) * Hc + (oh << 1)) * Wc + (ow << 1);\n float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1);\n float b = __tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);\n float c0 = __tanhf(y[base + Wc] - s1);\n float d = __tanhf(y[base + Wc + 1] - s1);\n out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int Wo = Wc / pk;\n int Ho = Hc / pk;\n int ow = idx % Wo;\n int tmp = idx / Wo;\n int oh = tmp % Ho;\n tmp /= Ho;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n long long base0 = (((long long)n * C + c) * Hc + oh * pk) * Wc + ow * pk;\n for (int i = 0; i < pk; ++i) {\n long long base = base0 + (long long)i * Wc;\n for (int j = 0; j < pk; ++j) sum += __tanhf(y[base + j] - s1);\n }\n out[idx] = sum / (float)(pk * pk) - s2;\n}\n\nvoid launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {\n int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);\n int64_t total64 = N * C * (Hc / pool_k) * (Wc / pool_k);\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total64 + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (pool_k == 2 && C == 128 && Hc == 126 && Wc == 126) {\n post_pool2_fixed_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else if (pool_k == 2) {\n post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n } else {\n post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);\n }\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_final',\n cpp_sources=cpp_source,\n cuda_sources=cuda_source,\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value\n self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value\n self.kernel_size_pool = kernel_size_pool\n\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.conv.weight, self.conv.bias,\n float(self.subtract1_value), float(self.subtract2_value), int(self.kernel_size_pool))\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 8.38 μs Runtime stats: mean=8.38μs median=?μs std=0.01μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=7.27e-06 mean_abs_err=7.48e-07 max_rel_err=1.30e+01 Memory: 1785.88 MB peak (ref: 2530.06 MB, ratio: 0.7059x) Kernel launches: 8 (ref: 11, fusion ratio: 1.375) Energy: 967.1 mJ/run (ref: 1451.0 mJ, ratio: 1.5004x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (126 lines, 5,179 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cpp_source = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/ops/conv2d.h>

void launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k);

torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias,
                            double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {
    auto conv = at::conv2d(x, weight, c10::optional<at::Tensor>(bias),
                           at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), at::IntArrayRef({0,0}),
                           at::IntArrayRef({1,1}), 1);
    auto out = torch::empty({conv.size(0), conv.size(1), conv.size(2) / pool_k, conv.size(3) / pool_k}, conv.options());
    launch_post(conv, out, subtract1, subtract2, pool_k);
    return out;
}
'''

cuda_source = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>

#define C0 128
#define HC 126
#define WC 126
#define HO 63
#define WO 63

__global__ void post_pool2_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,
                                        int total, float s1, float s2) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    int ow = idx % WO;
    int tmp = idx / WO;
    int oh = tmp % HO;
    tmp /= HO;
    int c = tmp & 127;
    int n = tmp >> 7;
    long long base = (((long long)n * C0 + c) * HC + (oh << 1)) * WC + (ow << 1);
    float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1);
    float b = __tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);
    float c0 = __tanhf(y[base + WC] - s1);
    float d = __tanhf(y[base + WC + 1] - s1);
    out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;
}

__global__ void post_pool2_flat_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,
                                       int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, float s1, float s2) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    int Wo = Wc >> 1;
    int Ho = Hc >> 1;
    int ow = idx % Wo;
    int tmp = idx / Wo;
    int oh = tmp % Ho;
    tmp /= Ho;
    int c = tmp % C;
    int n = tmp / C;
    long long base = (((long long)n * C + c) * Hc + (oh << 1)) * Wc + (ow << 1);
    float a = __tanhf(y[base] - s1);
    float b = __tanhf(y[base + 1] - s1);
    float c0 = __tanhf(y[base + Wc] - s1);
    float d = __tanhf(y[base + Wc + 1] - s1);
    out[idx] = 0.25f * (a + b + c0 + d) - s2;
}

__global__ void post_pool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,
                                         int total, int C, int Hc, int Wc, int pk, float s1, float s2) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    int Wo = Wc / pk;
    int Ho = Hc / pk;
    int ow = idx % Wo;
    int tmp = idx / Wo;
    int oh = tmp % Ho;
    tmp /= Ho;
    int c = tmp % C;
    int n = tmp / C;
    float sum = 0.0f;
    long long base0 = (((long long)n * C + c) * Hc + oh * pk) * Wc + ow * pk;
    for (int i = 0; i < pk; ++i) {
        long long base = base0 + (long long)i * Wc;
        for (int j = 0; j < pk; ++j) sum += __tanhf(y[base + j] - s1);
    }
    out[idx] = sum / (float)(pk * pk) - s2;
}

void launch_post(torch::Tensor conv, torch::Tensor out, double subtract1, double subtract2, int64_t pool_k) {
    int64_t N = conv.size(0), C = conv.size(1), Hc = conv.size(2), Wc = conv.size(3);
    int64_t total64 = N * C * (Hc / pool_k) * (Wc / pool_k);
    int threads = 256;
    int blocks = (int)((total64 + threads - 1) / threads);
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    if (pool_k == 2 && C == 128 && Hc == 126 && Wc == 126) {
        post_pool2_fixed_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);
    } else if (pool_k == 2) {
        post_pool2_flat_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);
    } else {
        post_pool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(conv.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), (int)total64, (int)C, (int)Hc, (int)Wc, (int)pool_k, (float)subtract1, (float)subtract2);
    }
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(name='fused_conv_tanh_pool_final',
                   cpp_sources=cpp_source,
                   cuda_sources=cuda_source,
                   functions=['fused_forward'],
                   extra_cflags=['-O3'],
                   extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],
                   verbose=False)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract1_value, subtract2_value, kernel_size_pool):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
        self.subtract1_value = subtract1_value
        self.subtract2_value = subtract2_value
        self.kernel_size_pool = kernel_size_pool

    def forward(self, x):
        return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.conv.weight, self.conv.bias,
                                  float(self.subtract1_value), float(self.subtract2_value), int(self.kernel_size_pool))