correct
22_Matmul_Scale_ResidualAdd_Clamp_LogSumExp_Mish.py
started
2026-05-04T07:43:40Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
0.36 / — / 0.00 μs
ref mean / median / std
2.86 / — / 0.02 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
14.00x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
2184.10 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Model that performs a matrix multiplication, scales the result, adds a residual connection, clamps the output,
applies LogSumExp, and finally applies the Mish activation function.
"""
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)
self.scale_factor = scale_factor
self.clamp_min = clamp_min
self.clamp_max = clamp_max
def forward(self, x):
"""
Args:
x: Input tensor of shape (batch_size, input_size).
Returns:
Output tensor of shape (batch_size, hidden_size).
"""
x = self.matmul(x)
x = x * self.scale_factor
x = x + x
x = torch.clamp(x, self.clamp_min, self.clamp_max)
x = torch.logsumexp(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
x = x * torch.nn.functional.mish(x) # Mish activation
return x
batch_size = 1024
input_size = 8192
hidden_size = 8192
scale_factor = 2.0
clamp_min = -10.0
clamp_max = 10.0
def get_inputs():
return [torch.rand(batch_size, input_size)]
def get_init_inputs():
return [input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max]turn 017.5s turn · 17.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering performance optimization**
I’m thinking about how saving some PyTorch kernel overhead and intermediate allocations can be beneficial. It seems that using `at::linear` could potentially yield a performance boost since it utilizes cuBLAS as well. There might be room for speed improvements here! It’s interesting to consider how these small changes can lead to better performance overall. I wonder how much faster it could actually get—something to keep in mind for future applications!
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs
{}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs
GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3:
total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB
spec entry: H100
GPU Architecture: Hopper
GPU Memory: 80GB
Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s
FP64 TFLOPS: 34
FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67
FP32 TFLOPS: 67
TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity
BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity
INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity
Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM
Maximum number of registers per thread: 255
Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32
Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB
Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 18.5s turn · 18.5s LLM · 7,242 chars (click to expand)
turn 118.5s turn · 18.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/linear.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n auto y = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty({x.size(0), 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_launcher(y, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n\n float local_max = -CUDART_INF_F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = base[j] * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v);\n }\n\n __shared__ float smem[256];\n smem[tid] = local_max;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid + s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float m = smem[0];\n\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = base[j] * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_sum += expf(v - m);\n }\n smem[tid] = local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid + s];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float z = m + logf(smem[0]);\n float sp = log1pf(expf(z));\n float mish = z * tanhf(sp);\n out[row] = z * mish;\n }\n}\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int H = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, H, scale2, cmin, cmax);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_ext_v1', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.scale_factor = scale_factor\n self.clamp_min = clamp_min\n self.clamp_max = clamp_max\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel
compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError.
RuntimeError: Error building extension 'fused_lse_mish_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_lse_mish_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_22_cache/k_56074b0fa0ac/fused_lse_mish_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o
[2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_lse_mish_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_22_cache/k_56074b0fa0ac/fused_lse_mish_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o
FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o
/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_lse_mish_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_22_cache/k_56074b0fa0ac/fused_lse_mish_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o
nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used
/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_22_cache/k_56074b0fa0ac/fused_lse_mish_ext_v1/cuda.cu(18): error: identifier "CUDART_INF_F" is undefined
float local_max = -CUDART_INF_F;
^
1 error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_22_cache/k_56074b0fa0ac/fused_lse_mish_ext_v1/cuda.cu".
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 28.4s turn · 8.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/linear.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n auto y = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty({x.size(0), 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_launcher(y, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = base[j] * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v);\n }\n\n __shared__ float smem[256];\n smem[tid] = local_max;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid + s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float m = smem[0];\n\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = base[j] * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_sum += expf(v - m);\n }\n smem[tid] = local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid + s];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float z = m + logf(smem[0]);\n float sp = log1pf(expf(z));\n float mish = z * tanhf(sp);\n out[row] = z * mish;\n }\n}\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int H = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, H, scale2, cmin, cmax);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_ext_v2', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.scale_factor = scale_factor\n self.clamp_min = clamp_min\n self.clamp_max = clamp_max\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.29e-05 mean_abs_err=4.89e-06 max_rel_err=2.35e-07
turn 38.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/linear.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n auto y = at::linear(x, weight, bias);\n auto out = torch::empty({x.size(0), 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_launcher(y, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = base[j] * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v);\n }\n\n __shared__ float smem[256];\n smem[tid] = local_max;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid + s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float m = smem[0];\n\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = base[j] * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_sum += expf(v - m);\n }\n smem[tid] = local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid + s];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float z = m + logf(smem[0]);\n float sp = log1pf(expf(z));\n float mish = z * tanhf(sp);\n out[row] = z * mish;\n }\n}\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int H = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B, H, scale2, cmin, cmax);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_ext_v2p', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.scale_factor = scale_factor\n self.clamp_min = clamp_min\n self.clamp_max = clamp_max\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::linear 73413.0μs (50%) calls=1
#2: aten::addmm 73280.0μs (50%) calls=1
#3: aten::t 77.0μs (0%) calls=1
#4: aten::transpose 37.0μs (0%) calls=1
#5: aten::as_strided 10.0μs (0%) calls=1
... +1 more kernels
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 2714.40 μs
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 1313.4/3350 GB/s (39.2%)
read=1243.2 write=70.2 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=117.5%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Dominant pipe: FP32 util=91.6%
Pipe util: FMA=91.6%, Tensor=0.1%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 94.9%
Eligible warps/cycle: 2.40
Launch: regs/thread=270, smem/blk=36864B, block=384, grid=1536
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 8.00 sectors/req (8.0x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 2660.9% ####################
short_scoreboard 134.8% ####################
mio_throttle 12.6% ##
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 2661% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=8.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=8.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 8x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
-> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics.
turn 428.7s turn · 28.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Compiling CUDA functions**
I'm thinking about how to structure the host function in C++ that can work with cuBLAS, while also considering the launcher in CUDA. I want to ensure I'm using cublasSgemmEx to start with FP32 calculations. It sounds like an interesting approach, so I’ll compile these functions together and see if everything integrates well. I just need to double-check the setup to make sure I've covered all the bases!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n const int64_t B64 = x.size(0);\n const int64_t K64 = x.size(1);\n const int64_t H64 = weight.size(0);\n auto y = torch::empty({B64, H64}, x.options());\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n // y(row-major BxH) as column-major HxB = weight(HxK row-major) * x^T(KxB)\n cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,\n (int)H64, (int)B64, (int)K64,\n &alpha,\n weight.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n x.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n &beta,\n y.data_ptr<float>(), (int)H64);\n auto out = torch::empty({B64, 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(y, bias, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_bias_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ out,\n int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v);\n }\n\n __shared__ float smem[256];\n smem[tid] = local_max;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid + s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float m = smem[0];\n\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_sum += expf(v - m);\n }\n smem[tid] = local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid + s];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float z = m + logf(smem[0]);\n float sp = log1pf(expf(z));\n out[row] = z * (z * tanhf(sp));\n }\n}\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int H = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_bias_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, scale2, cmin, cmax);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_cublas_v1', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_ldflags=['-lcublas'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.scale_factor = scale_factor\n self.clamp_min = clamp_min\n self.clamp_max = clamp_max\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=2.29e-05 mean_abs_err=4.89e-06 max_rel_err=2.35e-07
turn 5 · 1 tool call(s) · 15.5s turn · 15.5s LLM · 6,720 chars (click to expand)
turn 515.5s turn · 15.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n const int64_t B64 = x.size(0);\n const int64_t K64 = x.size(1);\n const int64_t H64 = weight.size(0);\n auto y = torch::empty({B64, H64}, x.options());\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,\n (int)H64, (int)B64, (int)K64,\n &alpha,\n weight.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n x.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n &beta,\n y.data_ptr<float>(), (int)H64);\n auto out = torch::empty({B64, 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(y, bias, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_bias_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ out,\n int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v);\n }\n\n __shared__ float smem[256];\n smem[tid] = local_max;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid + s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float m = smem[0];\n\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_sum += expf(v - m);\n }\n smem[tid] = local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid + s];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) {\n float z = m + logf(smem[0]);\n float sp = log1pf(expf(z));\n out[row] = z * (z * tanhf(sp));\n }\n}\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int H = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_bias_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, scale2, cmin, cmax);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_cublas_v1p', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_ldflags=['-lcublas'])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.scale_factor = scale_factor\n self.clamp_min = clamp_min\n self.clamp_max = clamp_max\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 296.0μs (99%) calls=1
#2: aten::empty 3.0μs (1%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 2759.71 μs [↑45.3μs REGRESSED]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 1312.9/3350 GB/s (39.2%) [↓0.0% REGRESSED]
read=1247.5 write=65.3 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=124.7%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Dominant pipe: FP32 util=94.2% [↑2.6% ok]
Pipe util: FMA=94.2%, Tensor=0.1%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 97.2% [↑2.3% ok]
Eligible warps/cycle: 2.61
Launch: regs/thread=273, smem/blk=36352B, block=384, grid=1536
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 8.00 sectors/req (8.0x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 2411.9% ####################
short_scoreboard 85.7% #################
mio_throttle 13.4% ##
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 2412% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=8.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=8.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 8x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
-> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 2714.40→2759.71μs (↑45.31) REGRESSED
DRAM BW%: 39.21→39.19% (↓0.02) REGRESSED
Compute%: 91.63→94.23% (↑2.60) ok
Occupancy: 94.90→97.22% (↑2.32) ok
Eligible warps/cyc: 2.40→2.61 (↑0.21) ok
L2 hit%: 117.52→124.67% (↑7.15) ok
turn 612.3s turn · 12.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n const int64_t B64 = x.size(0), K64 = x.size(1), H64 = weight.size(0);\n auto y = torch::empty({B64, H64}, x.options());\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n cublasMath_t old_mode;\n cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N, (int)H64, (int)B64, (int)K64,\n &alpha, weight.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64, x.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n &beta, y.data_ptr<float>(), (int)H64);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);\n auto out = torch::empty({B64, 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(y, bias, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_bias_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ out, int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x, tid = threadIdx.x; const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) { float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2; v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax); local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v); }\n __shared__ float smem[256]; smem[tid] = local_max; __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) { if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]); __syncthreads(); }\n float m = smem[0]; float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) { float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2; v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax); local_sum += expf(v - m); }\n smem[tid] = local_sum; __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) { if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid+s]; __syncthreads(); }\n if (tid == 0) { float z = m + logf(smem[0]); float sp = log1pf(expf(z)); out[row] = z * (z * tanhf(sp)); }\n}\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B=(int)y.size(0), H=(int)y.size(1); const int threads=256; cudaStream_t stream=c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_bias_kernel<<<B,threads,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, scale2, cmin, cmax); C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_tf32_v1', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_ldflags=['-lcublas'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size); self.scale_factor=scale_factor; self.clamp_min=clamp_min; self.clamp_max=clamp_max\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.59e-03 mean_abs_err=5.30e-04 max_rel_err=1.61e-05
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 9.3s turn · 9.3s LLM · 6,424 chars (click to expand)
turn 79.3s turn · 9.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n const int64_t B64 = x.size(0), K64 = x.size(1), H64 = weight.size(0);\n auto y = torch::empty({B64, H64}, x.options());\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n cublasMath_t old_mode;\n cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N, (int)H64, (int)B64, (int)K64,\n &alpha, weight.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64, x.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n &beta, y.data_ptr<float>(), (int)H64);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);\n auto out = torch::empty({B64, 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(y, bias, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_bias_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ out, int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x, tid = threadIdx.x; const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) { float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2; v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax); local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v); }\n __shared__ float smem[256]; smem[tid] = local_max; __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) { if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid+s], smem[tid]); __syncthreads(); }\n float m = smem[0]; float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) { float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2; v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax); local_sum += expf(v - m); }\n smem[tid] = local_sum; __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) { if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid+s]; __syncthreads(); }\n if (tid == 0) { float z = m + logf(smem[0]); float sp = log1pf(expf(z)); out[row] = z * (z * tanhf(sp)); }\n}\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B=(int)y.size(0), H=(int)y.size(1); const int threads=256; cudaStream_t stream=c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_bias_kernel<<<B,threads,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, scale2, cmin, cmax); C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_tf32_v1p', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_ldflags=['-lcublas'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size); self.scale_factor=scale_factor; self.clamp_min=clamp_min; self.clamp_max=clamp_max\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 288.0μs (99%) calls=1
#2: aten::empty 3.0μs (1%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 362.53 μs [↓2397.2μs ok]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 2240.1/3350 GB/s (66.9%) [↑27.7% ok]
read=2123.4 write=116.7 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=104.9%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=95.7% [↑1.5% ok]
Pipe util: FMA=17.2%, Tensor=95.7%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte
Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 102.8% [↑5.6% ok]
Eligible warps/cycle: 1.11
Launch: regs/thread=186, smem/blk=234496B, block=640, grid=1156
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 4.00 sectors/req (4.0x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 3094.2% ####################
mio_throttle 105.0% ####################
short_scoreboard 77.3% ###############
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 3094% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=4.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=4.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 4x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 2759.71→362.53μs (↓2397.18) ok
DRAM BW%: 39.19→66.87% (↑27.68) ok
Compute%: 94.23→95.72% (↑1.49) ok
Occupancy: 97.22→102.82% (↑5.60) ok
Eligible warps/cyc: 2.61→1.11 (↓1.50) REGRESSED
Ld sectors/req: 8.00→4.00 (↓4.00) ok
L2 hit%: 124.67→104.88% (↓19.79) REGRESSED
turn 815.3s turn · 15.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → static_check
callstatic_check
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n const int64_t B64 = x.size(0), K64 = x.size(1), H64 = weight.size(0);\n auto y = torch::empty({B64, H64}, x.options());\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n cublasMath_t old_mode;\n cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N, (int)H64, (int)B64, (int)K64,\n &alpha, weight.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64, x.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n &beta, y.data_ptr<float>(), (int)H64);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);\n auto out = torch::empty({B64, 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(y, bias, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_bias_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y, const float* __restrict__ bias, float* __restrict__ out, int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x, tid = threadIdx.x; const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) { float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2; v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax); local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v); }\n __shared__ float smem[256]; smem[tid] = local_max; __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) { if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid+s], smem[tid]); __syncthreads(); }\n float m = smem[0]; float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) { float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2; v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax); local_sum += expf(v - m); }\n smem[tid] = local_sum; __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) { if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid+s]; __syncthreads(); }\n if (tid == 0) { float z = m + logf(smem[0]); float sp = log1pf(expf(z)); out[row] = z * (z * tanhf(sp)); }\n}\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B=(int)y.size(0), H=(int)y.size(1); const int threads=256; cudaStream_t stream=c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_bias_kernel<<<B,threads,0,stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, scale2, cmin, cmax); C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_lse_mish_tf32_final', cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=['fused_forward'], verbose=False, extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_ldflags=['-lcublas'])\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.matmul=nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size); self.scale_factor=scale_factor; self.clamp_min=clamp_min; self.clamp_max=clamp_max\n def forward(self,x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self.matmul.weight, self.matmul.bias, float(self.scale_factor), float(self.clamp_min), float(self.clamp_max))\n"
}
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check
static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 9 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 19.5s turn · 19.5s LLM · 7,803 chars (click to expand)
turn 919.5s turn · 19.5s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Optimizing CUDA performance**
I’m considering optimizing kernel usage with warp reductions to decrease post-processing overhead, potentially using 512 threads. The current GEMM CUBLAS profile might not show post information; maybe it only focuses on the highest launch. Should I check with disassembly? Also, there’s a potential issue with the deprecated CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH which might trigger a compile warning, but that could be okay. I'm thinking about using the caching allocator for memory management within PyTorch operations as it relates to stream semantics.
**Analyzing memory management**
I’m considering that if post_lse uses y after the CUBLAS operation on the same stream, y can be freed after the kernel launch, even though the kernel isn't completed yet. This could tightly tie into memory caching dynamics. It seems the caching allocator doesn't track kernel state, and y's deallocation recording should ensure it's only reused safely. There’s also the question of whether leaving TF32 affects reference outputs. I think it might be better to restore settings to avoid potential issues. I'll also ensure the module name is unique, and it seems like I might need to call compile before submission.
**Considering CUBLAS error handling**
I'm thinking about whether I should include error checks for CUBLAS. If there's a failure, I could have it fail silently, which seems acceptable. I have to note that CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH might not be defined in newer versions, but it compiled fine. Using cublasSetMathMode to specify the old mode before the CUBLAS operation completes seems like a good idea. The math mode is set at launch. It appears that cublasSgemm with TF32 accumulates FP32 using tensor cores, which is important for maintaining correctness. Now, it's time to submit the final version.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cublas_v2.h>\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {\n const int64_t B64 = x.size(0), K64 = x.size(1), H64 = weight.size(0);\n auto y = torch::empty({B64, H64}, x.options());\n\n cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();\n cublasSetStream(handle, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n cublasMath_t old_mode;\n cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);\n\n float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;\n // Row-major y[B,H] is the same storage as column-major C[H,B].\n // weight[H,K] row-major is column-major A[K,H], so op(A)=T gives HxK.\n // x[B,K] row-major is column-major B[K,B].\n cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,\n (int)H64, (int)B64, (int)K64,\n &alpha,\n weight.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n x.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,\n &beta,\n y.data_ptr<float>(), (int)H64);\n cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);\n\n auto out = torch::empty({B64, 1}, x.options());\n post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(y, bias, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\n__global__ void post_lse_mish_bias_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;\n\n float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v);\n }\n\n __shared__ float smem[256];\n smem[tid] = local_max;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid + s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n float m = smem[0];\n\n float local_sum = 0.0f;\n for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {\n float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;\n v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);\n local_sum += expf(v - m);\n }\n\n smem[tid] = local_sum;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid + s];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n\n if (tid == 0) {\n float z = m + logf(smem[0]);\n float sp = log1pf(expf(z));\n out[row] = z * (z * tanhf(sp));\n }\n}\n\nvoid post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {\n int B = (int)y.size(0);\n int H = (int)y.size(1);\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n post_lse_mish_bias_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, scale2, cmin, cmax);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='fused_lse_mish_tf32_final',\n cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],\n cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],\n functions=['fused_forward'],\n verbose=False,\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_ldflags=['-lcublas'],\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)\n self.scale_factor = scale_factor\n self.clamp_min = clamp_min\n self.clamp_max = clamp_max\n\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.fused_forward(\n x,\n self.matmul.weight,\n self.matmul.bias,\n float(self.scale_factor),\n float(self.clamp_min),\n float(self.clamp_max),\n )\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 0.36 μs
Runtime stats: mean=0.36μs median=?μs std=0.00μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.59e-03 mean_abs_err=5.30e-04 max_rel_err=1.61e-05
Memory: 609.07 MB peak (ref: 641.07 MB, ratio: 0.9501x)
Kernel launches: 2 (ref: 28, fusion ratio: 14.0)
SOL score: 0.9569
final submitted kernel (133 lines, 4,560 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/ATen.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cublas_v2.h>
void post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax);
torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias, double scale_factor, double clamp_min, double clamp_max) {
const int64_t B64 = x.size(0), K64 = x.size(1), H64 = weight.size(0);
auto y = torch::empty({B64, H64}, x.options());
cublasHandle_t handle = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDABlasHandle();
cublasSetStream(handle, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());
cublasMath_t old_mode;
cublasGetMathMode(handle, &old_mode);
cublasSetMathMode(handle, CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH);
float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
// Row-major y[B,H] is the same storage as column-major C[H,B].
// weight[H,K] row-major is column-major A[K,H], so op(A)=T gives HxK.
// x[B,K] row-major is column-major B[K,B].
cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
(int)H64, (int)B64, (int)K64,
&alpha,
weight.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,
x.data_ptr<float>(), (int)K64,
&beta,
y.data_ptr<float>(), (int)H64);
cublasSetMathMode(handle, old_mode);
auto out = torch::empty({B64, 1}, x.options());
post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(y, bias, out, (float)(2.0 * scale_factor), (float)clamp_min, (float)clamp_max);
return out;
}
'''
_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAStream.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>
#include <math.h>
__global__ void post_lse_mish_bias_kernel(const float* __restrict__ y,
const float* __restrict__ bias,
float* __restrict__ out,
int H, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {
int row = blockIdx.x;
int tid = threadIdx.x;
const float* base = y + (size_t)row * H;
float local_max = -3.402823466e+38F;
for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {
float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;
v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);
local_max = fmaxf(local_max, v);
}
__shared__ float smem[256];
smem[tid] = local_max;
__syncthreads();
for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fmaxf(smem[tid], smem[tid + s]);
__syncthreads();
}
float m = smem[0];
float local_sum = 0.0f;
for (int j = tid; j < H; j += blockDim.x) {
float v = (base[j] + bias[j]) * scale2;
v = fminf(fmaxf(v, cmin), cmax);
local_sum += expf(v - m);
}
smem[tid] = local_sum;
__syncthreads();
for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
if (tid < s) smem[tid] += smem[tid + s];
__syncthreads();
}
if (tid == 0) {
float z = m + logf(smem[0]);
float sp = log1pf(expf(z));
out[row] = z * (z * tanhf(sp));
}
}
void post_lse_mish_bias_launcher(const torch::Tensor& y, const torch::Tensor& bias, torch::Tensor& out, float scale2, float cmin, float cmax) {
int B = (int)y.size(0);
int H = (int)y.size(1);
const int threads = 256;
cudaStream_t stream = c10::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
post_lse_mish_bias_kernel<<<B, threads, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), H, scale2, cmin, cmax);
C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(
name='fused_lse_mish_tf32_final',
cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],
cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],
functions=['fused_forward'],
verbose=False,
extra_cflags=['-O3'],
extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],
extra_ldflags=['-lcublas'],
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, scale_factor, clamp_min, clamp_max):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.matmul = nn.Linear(input_size, hidden_size)
self.scale_factor = scale_factor
self.clamp_min = clamp_min
self.clamp_max = clamp_max
def forward(self, x):
return _ext.fused_forward(
x,
self.matmul.weight,
self.matmul.bias,
float(self.scale_factor),
float(self.clamp_min),
float(self.clamp_max),
)