gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
correct 19_ConvTranspose2d_GELU_GroupNorm.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
10 / 15
tool calls
10
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
21.30 μs
ref runtime
16.80 μs
speedup
0.79x
started
2026-05-04T08:11:47Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
21.30 μs
ref runtime
16.80 μs
speedup
0.79x
kernel mean / median / std
21.30 / — / 0.04 μs
ref mean / median / std
16.80 / — / 0.14 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
1.29e-05
mean abs error
3.63e-07
max rel error
541.87
mean rel error
4.56e-06
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
6241.68 MB
ref peak
6241.60 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
22
ref launches
19
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
0.86x
total cuda time
66936 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
2659.40
ref mJ / run
2175.32
ratio (ref / kernel)
0.82x
avg power
125.11 W
ref avg power
129.99 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
64.7%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
15798.82 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
594.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
64.7%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
647.8%
ld sectors / req
35.33
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
378
smem / block
254464 B
block size
2944
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
30239.6%
short_scoreboard
991.9%
mio_throttle
131.1%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a transposed convolution, applies GELU, and normalizes with GroupNorm.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)
        self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv_transpose(x)
        x = torch.nn.functional.gelu(x)
        x = self.group_norm(x)
        return x

batch_size   = 128  
in_channels  = 64  
out_channels = 64  
height = width = 256  
kernel_size  = 3
stride       = 1
groups = 8
num_groups = 8

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups]
turn 09.0s turn · 9.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 28.8s turn · 28.8s LLM · 6,462 chars (click to expand)
turn 128.8s turn · 28.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Testing CUDA setup** I’m focusing on my CUDA sources. I see that the host wrapper is making the launcher work correctly, which is good! Now, I'm thinking about using `c10::cuda::CUDAGuard` for better context handling. I should also include `ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h` to ensure everything is set up right. I really want to make sure this all functions well before running any tests. Let's move forward and see how it goes!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) {\n auto output = torch::empty_like(input);\n gelu_gn_launcher(input, gamma, beta, output, (int)num_groups, eps);\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math_constants.h>\n\n#define THREADS_RED 1024\n#define THREADS_NORM 256\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x) {\n return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + erff(x * 0.70710678118654752440f));\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int C, int S, int G, float eps) {\n int ng = blockIdx.x;\n int n = ng / G;\n int g = ng - n * G;\n int group_c = C / G;\n int64_t base = ((int64_t)n * C + g * group_c) * (int64_t)S;\n int M = group_c * S;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < M; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n float gv = gelu_exact(v);\n x[base + i] = gv;\n sum += gv;\n sumsq = fmaf(gv, gv, sumsq);\n }\n float bsum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float bsq = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float m = bsum / (float)M;\n float var = bsq / (float)M - m * m;\n var = var < 0.0f ? 0.0f : var;\n mean[ng] = m;\n invstd[ng] = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd, float* __restrict__ out,\n int64_t total, int C, int S, int G) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int group_c = C / G;\n for (; idx < total; idx += (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int tmp = (int)(idx / S); // n*C + c\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ng = n * G + c / group_c;\n float v = x[idx];\n float y = (v - mean[ng]) * invstd[ng];\n out[idx] = y * gamma[c] + beta[c];\n }\n}\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps) {\n const int N = input.size(0);\n const int C = input.size(1);\n const int H = input.size(2);\n const int W = input.size(3);\n const int S = H * W;\n auto opts = input.options();\n auto mean = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, opts);\n auto invstd = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, opts);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N * num_groups, THREADS_RED, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, S, num_groups, (float)eps);\n int64_t total = input.numel();\n int blocks = (int)((total + THREADS_NORM - 1) / THREADS_NORM);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n norm_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS_NORM, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), gamma.data_ptr<float>(), beta.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), output.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, S, num_groups);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y, self.group_norm.weight, self.group_norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.group_norm.eps)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 9.7s turn · 9.7s LLM · 6,041 chars (click to expand)
turn 29.7s turn · 9.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) {\n auto output = torch::empty_like(input);\n gelu_gn_launcher(input, gamma, beta, output, (int)num_groups, eps);\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math_constants.h>\n\n#define THREADS_RED 1024\n#define THREADS_NORM 256\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x) {\n return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + erff(x * 0.70710678118654752440f));\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int C, int S, int G, float eps) {\n int ng = blockIdx.x;\n int n = ng / G;\n int g = ng - n * G;\n int group_c = C / G;\n int64_t base = ((int64_t)n * C + g * group_c) * (int64_t)S;\n int M = group_c * S;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < M; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n float gv = gelu_exact(v);\n x[base + i] = gv;\n sum += gv;\n sumsq = fmaf(gv, gv, sumsq);\n }\n float bsum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float bsq = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float m = bsum / (float)M;\n float var = bsq / (float)M - m * m;\n var = var < 0.0f ? 0.0f : var;\n mean[ng] = m;\n invstd[ng] = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd, float* __restrict__ out,\n int64_t total, int C, int S, int G) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int group_c = C / G;\n for (; idx < total; idx += (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int tmp = (int)(idx / S); // n*C + c\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ng = n * G + c / group_c;\n float v = x[idx];\n float y = (v - mean[ng]) * invstd[ng];\n out[idx] = y * gamma[c] + beta[c];\n }\n}\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps) {\n const int N = input.size(0);\n const int C = input.size(1);\n const int H = input.size(2);\n const int W = input.size(3);\n const int S = H * W;\n auto opts = input.options();\n auto mean = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, opts);\n auto invstd = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, opts);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N * num_groups, THREADS_RED, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, S, num_groups, (float)eps);\n int64_t total = input.numel();\n int blocks = (int)((total + THREADS_NORM - 1) / THREADS_NORM);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n norm_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS_NORM, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), gamma.data_ptr<float>(), beta.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), output.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, S, num_groups);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y, self.group_norm.weight, self.group_norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.group_norm.eps)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.43e-06 mean_abs_err=4.15e-08 max_rel_err=9.12e+00
turn 3 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 7,491 chars (click to expand)
turn 311.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) {\n auto output = torch::empty_like(input);\n gelu_gn_launcher(input, gamma, beta, output, (int)num_groups, eps);\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math_constants.h>\n\n#define THREADS_RED 1024\n#define THREADS_NORM 256\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x) {\n return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + erff(x * 0.70710678118654752440f));\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int C, int S, int G, float eps) {\n int ng = blockIdx.x;\n int n = ng / G;\n int g = ng - n * G;\n int group_c = C / G;\n int64_t base = ((int64_t)n * C + g * group_c) * (int64_t)S;\n int M = group_c * S;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < M; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n float gv = gelu_exact(v);\n x[base + i] = gv;\n sum += gv;\n sumsq = fmaf(gv, gv, sumsq);\n }\n float bsum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float bsq = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float m = bsum / (float)M;\n float var = bsq / (float)M - m * m;\n var = var < 0.0f ? 0.0f : var;\n mean[ng] = m;\n invstd[ng] = rsqrtf(var + eps);\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd, float* __restrict__ out,\n int64_t total, int C, int S, int G) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int group_c = C / G;\n for (; idx < total; idx += (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x) {\n int tmp = (int)(idx / S); // n*C + c\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ng = n * G + c / group_c;\n float v = x[idx];\n float y = (v - mean[ng]) * invstd[ng];\n out[idx] = y * gamma[c] + beta[c];\n }\n}\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps) {\n const int N = input.size(0);\n const int C = input.size(1);\n const int H = input.size(2);\n const int W = input.size(3);\n const int S = H * W;\n auto opts = input.options();\n auto mean = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, opts);\n auto invstd = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, opts);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N * num_groups, THREADS_RED, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, S, num_groups, (float)eps);\n int64_t total = input.numel();\n int blocks = (int)((total + THREADS_NORM - 1) / THREADS_NORM);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n norm_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS_NORM, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), gamma.data_ptr<float>(), beta.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), output.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, S, num_groups);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv_transpose(x)\n return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y, self.group_norm.weight, self.group_norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.group_norm.eps)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv_transpose2d 143586.0μs (25%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 143543.0μs (25%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 143508.0μs (25%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution_transpose 132358.0μs (23%) calls=1 #5: aten::add_ 10307.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +6 more kernels --- Timing --- GPU time: 12514.24 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 15474.2/3350 GB/s (100.0%) read=7799.6 write=7674.6 GB/s Hit rates: L2=473.4% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: tensor-core util=63.5% Pipe util: FMA=109.0%, Tensor=63.5% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (tensor-core): 295.22 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 562.7% Eligible warps/cycle: 6.30 Launch: regs/thread=362, smem/blk=252416B, block=2688, grid=3253879 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 20.60 sectors/req (20.6x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 15404.8% #################### short_scoreboard 767.4% #################### mio_throttle 141.7% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 15405% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=20.6 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=20.6x (ideal=1.0) -> 21x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 15.5s turn · 15.5s LLM · 8,405 chars (click to expand)
turn 415.5s turn · 15.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);\ntorch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) { auto output=torch::empty_like(input); gelu_gn_launcher(input,gamma,beta,output,(int)num_groups,eps); return output; }\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define THREADS_RED 1024\n#define THREADS_NORM 256\n__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x){return 0.5f*x*(1.0f+erff(x*0.70710678118654752440f));}\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val){#pragma unroll\n for(int offset=16;offset>0;offset>>=1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,val,offset); return val;}\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val){__shared__ float shared[32]; int lane=threadIdx.x&31; int wid=threadIdx.x>>5; val=warp_reduce_sum(val); if(lane==0) shared[wid]=val; __syncthreads(); val=(threadIdx.x<(blockDim.x>>5))?shared[lane]:0.0f; if(wid==0) val=warp_reduce_sum(val); return val;}\n__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ mean,float* __restrict__ invstd,int N,int C,int S,int G,float eps){int ng=blockIdx.x; int n=ng/G; int g=ng-n*G; int gc=C/G; int64_t base=((int64_t)n*C+g*gc)*(int64_t)S; int M=gc*S; float sum=0.f,sq=0.f; for(int i=threadIdx.x;i<M;i+=blockDim.x){float v=x[base+i]; float gv=gelu_exact(v); x[base+i]=gv; sum+=gv; sq=fmaf(gv,gv,sq);} float bsum=block_reduce_sum(sum); float bsq=block_reduce_sum(sq); if(threadIdx.x==0){float m=bsum/(float)M; float var=bsq/(float)M-m*m; mean[ng]=m; invstd[ng]=rsqrtf((var<0?0:var)+eps);}}\n__global__ void norm_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,const float* __restrict__ gamma,const float* __restrict__ beta,const float* __restrict__ mean,const float* __restrict__ invstd,float* __restrict__ out,int64_t total,int C,int S,int G){int64_t idx=(int64_t)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; int gc=C/G; for(;idx<total;idx+=(int64_t)blockDim.x*gridDim.x){int tmp=(int)(idx/S); int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C; int ng=n*G+c/gc; float y=(x[idx]-mean[ng])*invstd[ng]; out[idx]=y*gamma[c]+beta[c];}}\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int G, double eps){int N=input.size(0), C=input.size(1), S=input.size(2)*input.size(3); auto mean=torch::empty({N*G},input.options()); auto invstd=torch::empty({N*G},input.options()); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N*G,THREADS_RED,0,stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),invstd.data_ptr<float>(),N,C,S,G,(float)eps); int64_t total=input.numel(); int blocks=(int)((total+THREADS_NORM-1)/THREADS_NORM); if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; norm_kernel<<<blocks,THREADS_NORM,0,stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(),gamma.data_ptr<float>(),beta.data_ptr<float>(),mean.data_ptr<float>(),invstd.data_ptr<float>(),output.data_ptr<float>(),total,C,S,G);}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride,groups,num_groups):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride); self.group_norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups,num_channels=out_channels); self.num_groups=num_groups\n def forward(self,x):\n w = torch.flip(self.conv_transpose.weight.permute(1,0,2,3), [2,3]).contiguous()\n y = F.conv2d(x, w, self.conv_transpose.bias, stride=1, padding=2)\n return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y,self.group_norm.weight,self.group_norm.bias,self.num_groups,self.group_norm.eps)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: kernel did not compile. Error building extension 'fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_5e1d19be5a0c/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_5e1d19be5a0c/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_5e1d19be5a0c/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_5e1d19be5a0c/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv/cuda.cu(12): error: "#" not expected here float warp_reduce_sum(float val){#pragma unroll ^ /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_5e1d19be5a0c/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv/cuda.cu(12): error: expected an expression float warp_reduce_sum(float val){#pragma unroll ^ 2 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_5e1d19be5a0c/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2conv/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 5 · 1 tool call(s) · 10.2s turn · 10.2s LLM · 8,308 chars (click to expand)
turn 510.2s turn · 10.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) {\n auto output = torch::empty_like(input);\n gelu_gn_launcher(input, gamma, beta, output, (int)num_groups, eps);\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math_constants.h>\n#define THREADS_RED 1024\n#define THREADS_NORM 256\n__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x) { return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + erff(x * 0.70710678118654752440f)); }\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n return val;\n}\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32]; int lane = threadIdx.x & 31; int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val); if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val; __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f; if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val); return val;\n}\n__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd, int N, int C, int S, int G, float eps) {\n int ng = blockIdx.x; int n = ng / G; int g = ng - n * G; int group_c = C / G; int64_t base = ((int64_t)n * C + g * group_c) * (int64_t)S; int M = group_c * S; float sum = 0.0f, sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < M; i += blockDim.x) { float v = x[base + i]; float gv = gelu_exact(v); x[base + i] = gv; sum += gv; sumsq = fmaf(gv, gv, sumsq); }\n float bsum = block_reduce_sum(sum); float bsq = block_reduce_sum(sumsq); if (threadIdx.x == 0) { float m = bsum / (float)M; float var = bsq / (float)M - m * m; mean[ng] = m; invstd[ng] = rsqrtf((var < 0.0f ? 0.0f : var) + eps); }\n}\n__global__ void norm_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta, const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd, float* __restrict__ out, int64_t total, int C, int S, int G) {\n int64_t idx = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; int group_c = C / G;\n for (; idx < total; idx += (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x) { int tmp = (int)(idx / S); int c = tmp % C; int n = tmp / C; int ng = n * G + c / group_c; float y = (x[idx] - mean[ng]) * invstd[ng]; out[idx] = y * gamma[c] + beta[c]; }\n}\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps) {\n int N = input.size(0), C = input.size(1), S = input.size(2) * input.size(3); auto mean = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options()); auto invstd = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options()); cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N * num_groups, THREADS_RED, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, S, num_groups, (float)eps);\n int64_t total = input.numel(); int blocks = (int)((total + THREADS_NORM - 1) / THREADS_NORM); if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n norm_kernel<<<blocks, THREADS_NORM, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), gamma.data_ptr<float>(), beta.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), output.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, S, num_groups);\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super().__init__(); self.conv_transpose=nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size,stride=stride); self.group_norm=nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups,num_channels=out_channels); self.num_groups=num_groups\n def forward(self,x):\n w = torch.flip(self.conv_transpose.weight.permute(1,0,2,3), [2,3]).contiguous()\n y = F.conv2d(x, w, self.conv_transpose.bias, stride=1, padding=2)\n return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y, self.group_norm.weight, self.group_norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.group_norm.eps)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: kernel did not compile. Error building extension 'fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb': [1/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_11218e1b825d/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=1] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_11218e1b825d/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used <built-in>: fatal error: when writing output to /var/tmp/tmpxft_003858a3_00000000-5_cuda.cpp4.ii: No space left on device compilation terminated. [2/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_2_problem_19_cache/k_11218e1b825d/fused_gelu_gn_ext_v2convb/main.cpp -o main.o ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 619.0s turn · 19.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating compilation strategies** I’m considering whether to use the same extension name for multiple compiles. There’s a chance future compiles might fail. I should keep version 1 compiled, and maybe run the final execution in a new environment. I need to confirm the correctness of conv2d, and I can test it without an extension. However, I faced a compile failure due to temporary issues. Existing names might load cached versions, which could be problematic. I need to continue with version 1 while considering optimization strategies for fused kernels. **Optimizing kernel strategies** I'm looking into using a 2D grid to optimize the kernel. I’m considering structuring it so that I can manage the shape with mean indices without needing integer division, which might speed things up. However, using too many blocks feels excessive, as I might end up with 2 million, which could be problematic. Instead, I think about an alternative where I have one block for each (n, c) and let threads handle chunks without internal divisions. This should enhance indexing and improve occupancy. I'll double-check the code for correctness before compiling.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super().__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)\n def forward(self,x):\n w = torch.flip(self.conv_transpose.weight.permute(1,0,2,3), [2,3]).contiguous()\n y = F.conv2d(x, w, self.conv_transpose.bias, stride=1, padding=2)\n y = F.gelu(y)\n y = self.group_norm(y)\n return y\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.29e-05 mean_abs_err=3.60e-07 max_rel_err=5.41e+02
turn 75.9s turn · 5.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Profiling Conv2d Performance** I need to match Conv2d parameters and check its performance. It seems like I should profile it to gather the necessary data. Maybe I should focus on profiling without any extensions to get a clear picture of how it operates. I'll look into that to ensure I can assess its performance properly. It's exciting to gather this information, as it will help me understand the efficiency of my Conv2d setup better!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super().__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)\n def forward(self,x):\n w = torch.flip(self.conv_transpose.weight.permute(1,0,2,3), [2,3]).contiguous()\n y = F.conv2d(x, w, self.conv_transpose.bias, stride=1, padding=2)\n y = F.gelu(y)\n y = self.group_norm(y)\n return y\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::conv2d 142371.0μs (22%) calls=1 #2: aten::convolution 142344.0μs (22%) calls=1 #3: aten::_convolution 142313.0μs (22%) calls=1 #4: aten::cudnn_convolution 134340.0μs (21%) calls=1 #5: aten::group_norm 13428.0μs (2%) calls=1 ... +25 more kernels --- Timing --- --- Memory Bandwidth --- --- Compute Throughput --- --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: UNKNOWN --- Occupancy --- --- Memory Access Quality ---
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 31.7s turn · 31.7s LLM · 6,912 chars (click to expand)
turn 831.7s turn · 31.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating time implications** I’m trying to figure out if the add_10ms in v1 could come from the convolution transpose bias addition. If conv2d includes bias in cuDNN, then saving that 10ms could be possible, but profiling GPU time shows 12.5ms, making the 10ms addition seem impossible. I’m also questioning if that kernel breakdown from the CPU operation profiler truly reflects reality. It’s a bit of a puzzling situation! **Exploring convolution timing** I'm considering timing, which includes a negligible difference between 12 ms and maybe 10-20 microseconds. I think using conv2d could be beneficial here. I wonder if I could avoid flipping the kernel by creating a custom C++ wrapper for the convolution function. That could streamline the process and potentially improve efficiency. Let me weigh these options further!
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) {\n auto output = torch::empty_like(input);\n gelu_gn_launcher(input, gamma, beta, output, (int)num_groups, eps);\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math_constants.h>\n\n#define THREADS_RED 1024\n#define THREADS_NORM 256\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x) {\n return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + erff(x * 0.70710678118654752440f));\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int C, int S, int G, float eps) {\n int ng = blockIdx.x;\n int n = ng / G;\n int g = ng - n * G;\n int group_c = C / G;\n int64_t base = ((int64_t)n * C + g * group_c) * (int64_t)S;\n int M = group_c * S;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < M; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n float gv = gelu_exact(v);\n x[base + i] = gv;\n sum += gv;\n sumsq = fmaf(gv, gv, sumsq);\n }\n float bsum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float bsq = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float m = bsum / (float)M;\n float var = bsq / (float)M - m * m;\n mean[ng] = m;\n invstd[ng] = rsqrtf((var < 0.0f ? 0.0f : var) + eps);\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_nc_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd, float* __restrict__ out,\n int C, int S, int G) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n int n = nc / C;\n int group_c = C / G;\n int ng = n * G + c / group_c;\n float m = mean[ng];\n float r = invstd[ng];\n float w = gamma[c];\n float b = beta[c];\n int64_t base = (int64_t)nc * (int64_t)S;\n for (int s = threadIdx.x; s < S; s += blockDim.x) {\n float y = (x[base + s] - m) * r;\n out[base + s] = y * w + b;\n }\n}\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps) {\n const int N = input.size(0);\n const int C = input.size(1);\n const int H = input.size(2);\n const int W = input.size(3);\n const int S = H * W;\n auto mean = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options());\n auto invstd = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N * num_groups, THREADS_RED, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, S, num_groups, (float)eps);\n norm_nc_kernel<<<N * C, THREADS_NORM, 0, stream>>>(input.data_ptr<float>(), gamma.data_ptr<float>(), beta.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), output.data_ptr<float>(), C, S, num_groups);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_final_a', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n def forward(self, x):\n w = torch.flip(self.conv_transpose.weight.permute(1, 0, 2, 3), [2, 3]).contiguous()\n y = F.conv2d(x, w, self.conv_transpose.bias, stride=1, padding=2)\n return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y, self.group_norm.weight, self.group_norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.group_norm.eps)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED (with warnings): WARNING: Uses torch.nn compute layer (only containers, Parameter, init allowed) WARNING: Uses torch.nn.functional op: F.conv
turn 9 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 13.2s turn · 13.2s LLM · 6,312 chars (click to expand)
turn 913.2s turn · 13.2s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) {\n auto output = torch::empty_like(input);\n gelu_gn_launcher(input, gamma, beta, output, (int)num_groups, eps);\n return output;\n}\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <math_constants.h>\n\n#define THREADS_RED 1024\n#define THREADS_NORM 256\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x) {\n return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + erff(x * 0.70710678118654752440f));\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {\n val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);\n }\n return val;\n}\n\n__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {\n __shared__ float shared[32];\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;\n __syncthreads();\n val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;\n if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);\n return val;\n}\n\n__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,\n int N, int C, int S, int G, float eps) {\n int ng = blockIdx.x;\n int n = ng / G;\n int g = ng - n * G;\n int group_c = C / G;\n int64_t base = ((int64_t)n * C + g * group_c) * (int64_t)S;\n int M = group_c * S;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n float sumsq = 0.0f;\n\n for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < M; i += blockDim.x) {\n float v = x[base + i];\n float gv = gelu_exact(v);\n x[base + i] = gv;\n sum += gv;\n sumsq = fmaf(gv, gv, sumsq);\n }\n\n float bsum = block_reduce_sum(sum);\n float bsq = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n float m = bsum / (float)M;\n float var = bsq / (float)M - m * m;\n mean[ng] = m;\n invstd[ng] = rsqrtf((var < 0.0f ? 0.0f : var) + eps);\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void norm_nc_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,\n const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd, float* __restrict__ out,\n int C, int S, int G) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n int n = nc / C;\n int group_c = C / G;\n int ng = n * G + c / group_c;\n float m = mean[ng];\n float r = invstd[ng];\n float w = gamma[c];\n float b = beta[c];\n int64_t base = (int64_t)nc * (int64_t)S;\n\n for (int s = threadIdx.x; s < S; s += blockDim.x) {\n float y = (x[base + s] - m) * r;\n out[base + s] = y * w + b;\n }\n}\n\nvoid gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps) {\n const int N = input.size(0);\n const int C = input.size(1);\n const int H = input.size(2);\n const int W = input.size(3);\n const int S = H * W;\n\n auto mean = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options());\n auto invstd = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n\n gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N * num_groups, THREADS_RED, 0, stream>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, S, num_groups, (float)eps);\n norm_nc_kernel<<<N * C, THREADS_NORM, 0, stream>>>(\n input.data_ptr<float>(), gamma.data_ptr<float>(), beta.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), output.data_ptr<float>(), C, S, num_groups);\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_final_a',\n cpp_sources=cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)\n self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)\n self.num_groups = num_groups\n\n def forward(self, x):\n w = torch.flip(self.conv_transpose.weight.permute(1, 0, 2, 3), [2, 3]).contiguous()\n y = F.conv2d(x, w, self.conv_transpose.bias, stride=1, padding=2)\n return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y, self.group_norm.weight, self.group_norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.group_norm.eps)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 21.30 μs Runtime stats: mean=21.30μs median=?μs std=0.04μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=1.29e-05 mean_abs_err=3.63e-07 max_rel_err=5.42e+02 Memory: 6241.68 MB peak (ref: 6241.6 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 22 (ref: 19, fusion ratio: 0.8636) Energy: 2659.4 mJ/run (ref: 2175.32 mJ, ratio: 0.818x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (141 lines, 4,999 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <vector>

void gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps);

torch::Tensor fused_gelu_groupnorm(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, int64_t num_groups, double eps) {
    auto output = torch::empty_like(input);
    gelu_gn_launcher(input, gamma, beta, output, (int)num_groups, eps);
    return output;
}
'''

cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <math_constants.h>

#define THREADS_RED 1024
#define THREADS_NORM 256

__device__ __forceinline__ float gelu_exact(float x) {
    return 0.5f * x * (1.0f + erff(x * 0.70710678118654752440f));
}

__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float val) {
    #pragma unroll
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
        val += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, val, offset);
    }
    return val;
}

__inline__ __device__ float block_reduce_sum(float val) {
    __shared__ float shared[32];
    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
    int wid = threadIdx.x >> 5;
    val = warp_reduce_sum(val);
    if (lane == 0) shared[wid] = val;
    __syncthreads();
    val = (threadIdx.x < (blockDim.x >> 5)) ? shared[lane] : 0.0f;
    if (wid == 0) val = warp_reduce_sum(val);
    return val;
}

__global__ void gelu_reduce_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ mean, float* __restrict__ invstd,
                                   int N, int C, int S, int G, float eps) {
    int ng = blockIdx.x;
    int n = ng / G;
    int g = ng - n * G;
    int group_c = C / G;
    int64_t base = ((int64_t)n * C + g * group_c) * (int64_t)S;
    int M = group_c * S;
    float sum = 0.0f;
    float sumsq = 0.0f;

    for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < M; i += blockDim.x) {
        float v = x[base + i];
        float gv = gelu_exact(v);
        x[base + i] = gv;
        sum += gv;
        sumsq = fmaf(gv, gv, sumsq);
    }

    float bsum = block_reduce_sum(sum);
    float bsq = block_reduce_sum(sumsq);
    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
        float m = bsum / (float)M;
        float var = bsq / (float)M - m * m;
        mean[ng] = m;
        invstd[ng] = rsqrtf((var < 0.0f ? 0.0f : var) + eps);
    }
}

__global__ void norm_nc_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ gamma, const float* __restrict__ beta,
                               const float* __restrict__ mean, const float* __restrict__ invstd, float* __restrict__ out,
                               int C, int S, int G) {
    int nc = blockIdx.x;
    int c = nc % C;
    int n = nc / C;
    int group_c = C / G;
    int ng = n * G + c / group_c;
    float m = mean[ng];
    float r = invstd[ng];
    float w = gamma[c];
    float b = beta[c];
    int64_t base = (int64_t)nc * (int64_t)S;

    for (int s = threadIdx.x; s < S; s += blockDim.x) {
        float y = (x[base + s] - m) * r;
        out[base + s] = y * w + b;
    }
}

void gelu_gn_launcher(torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor gamma, torch::Tensor beta, torch::Tensor output, int num_groups, double eps) {
    const int N = input.size(0);
    const int C = input.size(1);
    const int H = input.size(2);
    const int W = input.size(3);
    const int S = H * W;

    auto mean = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options());
    auto invstd = torch::empty({N * num_groups}, input.options());
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();

    gelu_reduce_kernel<<<N * num_groups, THREADS_RED, 0, stream>>>(
        input.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), N, C, S, num_groups, (float)eps);
    norm_nc_kernel<<<N * C, THREADS_NORM, 0, stream>>>(
        input.data_ptr<float>(), gamma.data_ptr<float>(), beta.data_ptr<float>(), mean.data_ptr<float>(), invstd.data_ptr<float>(), output.data_ptr<float>(), C, S, num_groups);
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(
    name='fused_gelu_gn_ext_final_a',
    cpp_sources=cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=cuda_src,
    functions=['fused_gelu_groupnorm'],
    extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],
    extra_cflags=['-O3'],
    verbose=False,
)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, groups, num_groups):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride)
        self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=num_groups, num_channels=out_channels)
        self.num_groups = num_groups

    def forward(self, x):
        w = torch.flip(self.conv_transpose.weight.permute(1, 0, 2, 3), [2, 3]).contiguous()
        y = F.conv2d(x, w, self.conv_transpose.bias, stride=1, padding=2)
        return _ext.fused_gelu_groupnorm(y, self.group_norm.weight, self.group_norm.bias, self.num_groups, self.group_norm.eps)