gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
correct 75_conv_transposed_2D_asymmetric_input_asymmetric_kernel_strided__grouped____padded____dilated__.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
14 / 15
tool calls
14
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
1.25 μs
ref runtime
6.76 μs
speedup
5.41x
started
2026-05-04T08:59:37Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
1.25 μs
ref runtime
6.76 μs
speedup
5.41x
kernel mean / median / std
1.25 / — / 0.09 μs
ref mean / median / std
6.76 / — / 0.35 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
4.17e-07
mean abs error
6.00e-09
max rel error
23779.55
mean rel error
5.52e-05
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
866.05 MB
ref peak
866.05 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
1
ref launches
4
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
4.00x
total cuda time
30 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
241.62
ref mJ / run
725.00
ratio (ref / kernel)
3.00x
avg power
198.56 W
ref avg power
108.87 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.145
dram util %
14.2%
compute util %
14.5%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
476.91 GB/s
dram util %
14.2%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
22.4%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
14.5%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
96.5%
ld sectors / req
1.98
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
128
smem / block
1024 B
block size
256
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
156.1%
short_scoreboard
11.5%
mio_throttle
4.4%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Performs a 2D transposed convolution operation with asymmetric input, asymmetric kernel, 
    grouped, padded, and dilated.

    Args:
        in_channels (int): Number of channels in the input tensor.
        out_channels (int): Number of channels produced by the convolution.
        kernel_size (tuple): Size of the convolution kernel (height, width).
        stride (tuple, optional): Stride of the convolution (height, width). Defaults to (1, 1).
        padding (tuple, optional): Padding applied to the input (height, width). Defaults to (0, 0).
        dilation (tuple, optional): Spacing between kernel elements (height, width). Defaults to (1, 1).
        groups (int, optional): Number of blocked connections from input channels to output channels. Defaults to 1.
        bias (bool, optional): If `True`, adds a learnable bias to the output. Defaults to `False`.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)
        
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Performs the 2D transposed convolution.

        Args:
            x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of shape (batch_size, in_channels, height, width).

        Returns:
            torch.Tensor: Output tensor of shape (batch_size, out_channels, height_out, width_out).
        """
        return self.conv_transpose2d(x)

# Test code
batch_size = 16
in_channels = 32
out_channels = 64
kernel_size = (3, 5)
height = 128
width = 256
stride = (2, 3)
padding = (1, 2)
dilation = (2, 1)
groups = 4

def get_inputs():
    x = torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)
    return [x]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, dilation, groups]
turn 08.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 30.5s turn · 30.5s LLM · 7,149 chars (click to expand)
turn 130.5s turn · 30.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Compiling custom FP32 code** I'm thinking about how custom FP32 would work. First, I want to keep it simple. I need to compile it, starting with the Python module. Once that's done, I’ll move on to the C++ code while avoiding using PYBIND. I’ll use the torch include directive and load_inline with cuda_sources and cpp_sources function declarations. I’ve decided that the function I'm focusing on is 'conv_transpose2d_forward.' Let's get this all lined up correctly!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int N, int Cin, int H, int W,\n int Cout, int kH, int kW,\n int stride_h, int stride_w,\n int pad_h, int pad_w,\n int dil_h, int dil_w,\n int groups, int Hout, int Wout,\n long long total) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long step = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n int cin_g = Cin / groups;\n int cout_g = Cout / groups;\n for (; idx < total; idx += step) {\n int ow = idx % Wout;\n long long t = idx / Wout;\n int oh = t % Hout;\n t /= Hout;\n int co = t % Cout;\n int n = t / Cout;\n int g = co / cout_g;\n int co_g = co - g * cout_g;\n float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n // Inverse mapping from output coordinate to possible input/kernel coordinates.\n for (int kh = 0; kh < kH; ++kh) {\n int ih_num = oh + pad_h - kh * dil_h;\n if (ih_num % stride_h != 0) continue;\n int ih = ih_num / stride_h;\n if ((unsigned)ih >= (unsigned)H) continue;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < kW; ++kw) {\n int iw_num = ow + pad_w - kw * dil_w;\n if (iw_num % stride_w != 0) continue;\n int iw = iw_num / stride_w;\n if ((unsigned)iw >= (unsigned)W) continue;\n int ci0 = g * cin_g;\n long long xbase = ((long long)n * Cin + ci0) * H * W + (long long)ih * W + iw;\n long long wbase = ((long long)ci0 * cout_g + co_g) * kH * kW + kh * kW + kw;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {\n if (c < cin_g) {\n acc = fmaf(x[xbase + (long long)c * H * W], w[wbase + (long long)c * cout_g * kH * kW], acc);\n }\n }\n for (int c = 8; c < cin_g; ++c) {\n acc = fmaf(x[xbase + (long long)c * H * W], w[wbase + (long long)c * cout_g * kH * kW], acc);\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = acc;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous();\n weight = weight.contiguous();\n const int N = x.size(0);\n const int Cin = x.size(1);\n const int H = x.size(2);\n const int W = x.size(3);\n const int kH = weight.size(2);\n const int kW = weight.size(3);\n const int Cout = weight.size(1) * groups;\n const int Hout = (H - 1) * (int)stride_h - 2 * (int)pad_h + (int)dil_h * (kH - 1) + 1;\n const int Wout = (W - 1) * (int)stride_w - 2 * (int)pad_w + (int)dil_w * (kW - 1) + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, Cout, Hout, Wout}, x.options());\n const float* bp = nullptr;\n torch::Tensor bc;\n if (bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()) { bc = bias.value().contiguous(); bp = bc.data_ptr<float>(); }\n long long total = (long long)N * Cout * Hout * Wout;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n deconv2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), bp, y.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, Cin, H, W, Cout, kH, kW, (int)stride_h, (int)stride_w, (int)pad_h, (int)pad_w, (int)dil_h, (int)dil_w, (int)groups, Hout, Wout, total);\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v1\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.dilation = dilation\n self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n b = self.conv_transpose2d.bias\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, b, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 15.4s turn · 15.4s LLM · 6,664 chars (click to expand)
turn 215.4s turn · 15.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int N, int Cin, int H, int W,\n int Cout, int kH, int kW,\n int stride_h, int stride_w,\n int pad_h, int pad_w,\n int dil_h, int dil_w,\n int groups, int Hout, int Wout,\n long long total) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long step = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n int cin_g = Cin / groups;\n int cout_g = Cout / groups;\n for (; idx < total; idx += step) {\n int ow = idx % Wout;\n long long t = idx / Wout;\n int oh = t % Hout;\n t /= Hout;\n int co = t % Cout;\n int n = t / Cout;\n int g = co / cout_g;\n int co_g = co - g * cout_g;\n float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n // Inverse mapping from output coordinate to possible input/kernel coordinates.\n for (int kh = 0; kh < kH; ++kh) {\n int ih_num = oh + pad_h - kh * dil_h;\n if (ih_num % stride_h != 0) continue;\n int ih = ih_num / stride_h;\n if ((unsigned)ih >= (unsigned)H) continue;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < kW; ++kw) {\n int iw_num = ow + pad_w - kw * dil_w;\n if (iw_num % stride_w != 0) continue;\n int iw = iw_num / stride_w;\n if ((unsigned)iw >= (unsigned)W) continue;\n int ci0 = g * cin_g;\n long long xbase = ((long long)n * Cin + ci0) * H * W + (long long)ih * W + iw;\n long long wbase = ((long long)ci0 * cout_g + co_g) * kH * kW + kh * kW + kw;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {\n if (c < cin_g) {\n acc = fmaf(x[xbase + (long long)c * H * W], w[wbase + (long long)c * cout_g * kH * kW], acc);\n }\n }\n for (int c = 8; c < cin_g; ++c) {\n acc = fmaf(x[xbase + (long long)c * H * W], w[wbase + (long long)c * cout_g * kH * kW], acc);\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = acc;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous();\n weight = weight.contiguous();\n const int N = x.size(0);\n const int Cin = x.size(1);\n const int H = x.size(2);\n const int W = x.size(3);\n const int kH = weight.size(2);\n const int kW = weight.size(3);\n const int Cout = weight.size(1) * groups;\n const int Hout = (H - 1) * (int)stride_h - 2 * (int)pad_h + (int)dil_h * (kH - 1) + 1;\n const int Wout = (W - 1) * (int)stride_w - 2 * (int)pad_w + (int)dil_w * (kW - 1) + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, Cout, Hout, Wout}, x.options());\n const float* bp = nullptr;\n torch::Tensor bc;\n if (bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()) { bc = bias.value().contiguous(); bp = bc.data_ptr<float>(); }\n long long total = (long long)N * Cout * Hout * Wout;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n deconv2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), bp, y.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, Cin, H, W, Cout, kH, kW, (int)stride_h, (int)stride_w, (int)pad_h, (int)pad_w, (int)dil_h, (int)dil_w, (int)groups, Hout, Wout, total);\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v1\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.dilation = dilation\n self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n b = self.conv_transpose2d.bias\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, b, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=3.58e-07 mean_abs_err=5.92e-09 max_rel_err=2.38e+04
turn 3 · 1 tool call(s) · 9.8s turn · 9.8s LLM · 7,871 chars (click to expand)
turn 39.8s turn · 9.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int N, int Cin, int H, int W,\n int Cout, int kH, int kW,\n int stride_h, int stride_w,\n int pad_h, int pad_w,\n int dil_h, int dil_w,\n int groups, int Hout, int Wout,\n long long total) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long step = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n int cin_g = Cin / groups;\n int cout_g = Cout / groups;\n for (; idx < total; idx += step) {\n int ow = idx % Wout;\n long long t = idx / Wout;\n int oh = t % Hout;\n t /= Hout;\n int co = t % Cout;\n int n = t / Cout;\n int g = co / cout_g;\n int co_g = co - g * cout_g;\n float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n // Inverse mapping from output coordinate to possible input/kernel coordinates.\n for (int kh = 0; kh < kH; ++kh) {\n int ih_num = oh + pad_h - kh * dil_h;\n if (ih_num % stride_h != 0) continue;\n int ih = ih_num / stride_h;\n if ((unsigned)ih >= (unsigned)H) continue;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < kW; ++kw) {\n int iw_num = ow + pad_w - kw * dil_w;\n if (iw_num % stride_w != 0) continue;\n int iw = iw_num / stride_w;\n if ((unsigned)iw >= (unsigned)W) continue;\n int ci0 = g * cin_g;\n long long xbase = ((long long)n * Cin + ci0) * H * W + (long long)ih * W + iw;\n long long wbase = ((long long)ci0 * cout_g + co_g) * kH * kW + kh * kW + kw;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {\n if (c < cin_g) {\n acc = fmaf(x[xbase + (long long)c * H * W], w[wbase + (long long)c * cout_g * kH * kW], acc);\n }\n }\n for (int c = 8; c < cin_g; ++c) {\n acc = fmaf(x[xbase + (long long)c * H * W], w[wbase + (long long)c * cout_g * kH * kW], acc);\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = acc;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous();\n weight = weight.contiguous();\n const int N = x.size(0);\n const int Cin = x.size(1);\n const int H = x.size(2);\n const int W = x.size(3);\n const int kH = weight.size(2);\n const int kW = weight.size(3);\n const int Cout = weight.size(1) * groups;\n const int Hout = (H - 1) * (int)stride_h - 2 * (int)pad_h + (int)dil_h * (kH - 1) + 1;\n const int Wout = (W - 1) * (int)stride_w - 2 * (int)pad_w + (int)dil_w * (kW - 1) + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, Cout, Hout, Wout}, x.options());\n const float* bp = nullptr;\n torch::Tensor bc;\n if (bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()) { bc = bias.value().contiguous(); bp = bc.data_ptr<float>(); }\n long long total = (long long)N * Cout * Hout * Wout;\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n deconv2d_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), bp, y.data_ptr<float>(),\n N, Cin, H, W, Cout, kH, kW, (int)stride_h, (int)stride_w, (int)pad_h, (int)pad_w, (int)dil_h, (int)dil_w, (int)groups, Hout, Wout, total);\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v1\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride\n self.padding = padding\n self.dilation = dilation\n self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n b = self.conv_transpose2d.bias\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, b, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 3619.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 15043.65 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 68.9/3350 GB/s (2.1%) read=16.3 write=52.6 GB/s Hit rates: L2=92.5% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=25.6% Pipe util: FMA=25.6%, Tensor=0.1% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 23.7% Eligible warps/cycle: 1.11 Launch: regs/thread=126, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=65535 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 1.56 sectors/req (1.6x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 66.8% ############# short_scoreboard 42.4% ######## --- Optimization Hints --- -> 67% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=1.6 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Low occupancy (24%) limited by registers (126/thread). Consider __launch_bounds__ or reducing register pressure. -> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics.
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 47.6s turn · 47.6s LLM · 8,958 chars (click to expand)
turn 447.6s turn · 47.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating code options** I’m considering whether to use a wrapper check and call a specialized function instead of a generic one. If tests are only provided, it might be safer to go the generic route, but that could result in a larger codebase. I wonder if using a fixed dimension could simplify things and improve efficiency. There’s a lot to weigh in my decision-making process, and I want to ensure I choose the best option! **Testing CUDA settings** I’m thinking about how to optimize my CUDA grid. Specifically, I want to set the blocks to 392,000, which is calculated by taking the ceiling of total divided by 256. This should help avoid loop iterations, possibly allowing for better scheduling. I need to use integer values for the grid, and I’m considering the maximum settings. All of this aims to improve performance, so it’s time to test this adjustment!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ void add8(const float* __restrict__ xptr, const float* __restrict__ wptr, float &acc) {\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 0*32768), __ldg(wptr + 0*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 1*32768), __ldg(wptr + 1*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 2*32768), __ldg(wptr + 2*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 3*32768), __ldg(wptr + 3*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 4*32768), __ldg(wptr + 4*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 5*32768), __ldg(wptr + 5*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 6*32768), __ldg(wptr + 6*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 7*32768), __ldg(wptr + 7*240), acc);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = (int)(blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x);\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int ow = q % 766; q /= 766;\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7; // 0..127, output h = 2*orow+1\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n int mode = ow % 3;\n int out_index = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + ow);\n int w_co_base = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n int x_n_base = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n if (orow >= kh) {\n int ih = orow - kh;\n int x_row_base = x_n_base + ih * 256;\n int w_kh_base = w_co_base + kh * 5;\n if (mode == 0) {\n int iw = ow / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw, w + w_kh_base + 2, acc);\n } else if (mode == 1) {\n int iw0 = (ow + 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 0, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 3, acc);\n } else {\n int iw0 = (ow + 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 1, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 4, acc);\n }\n }\n }\n y[out_index] = acc;\n}\n\n// small generic fallback (rarely used)\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g;\n float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }}\n y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n size_t bytes = (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float);\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, bytes, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N*Cout*H*Wout;\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_fixed_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 5 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.3s turn · 14.3s LLM · 8,310 chars (click to expand)
turn 514.3s turn · 14.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ void add8(const float* __restrict__ xptr, const float* __restrict__ wptr, float &acc) {\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 0*32768), __ldg(wptr + 0*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 1*32768), __ldg(wptr + 1*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 2*32768), __ldg(wptr + 2*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 3*32768), __ldg(wptr + 3*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 4*32768), __ldg(wptr + 4*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 5*32768), __ldg(wptr + 5*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 6*32768), __ldg(wptr + 6*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 7*32768), __ldg(wptr + 7*240), acc);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = (int)(blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x);\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int ow = q % 766; q /= 766;\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7; // 0..127, output h = 2*orow+1\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n int mode = ow % 3;\n int out_index = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + ow);\n int w_co_base = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n int x_n_base = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n if (orow >= kh) {\n int ih = orow - kh;\n int x_row_base = x_n_base + ih * 256;\n int w_kh_base = w_co_base + kh * 5;\n if (mode == 0) {\n int iw = ow / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw, w + w_kh_base + 2, acc);\n } else if (mode == 1) {\n int iw0 = (ow + 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 0, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 3, acc);\n } else {\n int iw0 = (ow + 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 1, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 4, acc);\n }\n }\n }\n y[out_index] = acc;\n}\n\n// small generic fallback (rarely used)\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g;\n float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }}\n y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n size_t bytes = (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float);\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, bytes, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N*Cout*H*Wout;\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_fixed_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (fail)
failrun_correctness run_correctness FAILED: (0 / 5) trials did not all match. correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.625339', '0.611989', '0.636699', '0.622764', '0.609222'] avg_difference: ['0.037697', '0.037711', '0.037711', '0.037710', '0.037716']
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 20.2s turn · 20.2s LLM · 8,599 chars (click to expand)
turn 620.2s turn · 20.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Updating code and comparing profiles** I realize I have to update some code, and while I'm at it, I think it would be helpful to compare profiles. I’m wondering what specific areas or attributes are most relevant to look at during this comparison. Should I focus on performance metrics or user feedback? I'll need to check if there's a structured way to do this so I can efficiently update everything without losing context. Let's see how it all connects!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ void add8(const float* __restrict__ xptr, const float* __restrict__ wptr, float &acc) {\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 0*32768), __ldg(wptr + 0*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 1*32768), __ldg(wptr + 1*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 2*32768), __ldg(wptr + 2*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 3*32768), __ldg(wptr + 3*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 4*32768), __ldg(wptr + 4*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 5*32768), __ldg(wptr + 5*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 6*32768), __ldg(wptr + 6*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 7*32768), __ldg(wptr + 7*240), acc);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = (int)(blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x);\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int ow = q % 766; q /= 766;\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7;\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n int mode = ow % 3;\n int out_index = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + ow);\n int w_co_base = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n int x_n_base = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u) {\n int x_row_base = x_n_base + ih * 256;\n int w_kh_base = w_co_base + kh * 5;\n if (mode == 0) {\n int iw = ow / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw, w + w_kh_base + 2, acc);\n } else if (mode == 1) {\n int iw0 = (ow + 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 0, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 3, acc);\n } else {\n int iw0 = (ow + 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 1, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 4, acc);\n }\n }\n }\n y[out_index] = acc;\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g;\n float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }}\n y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n size_t bytes = (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float);\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, bytes, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N*Cout*H*Wout;\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_fixed_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=3.58e-07 mean_abs_err=5.92e-09 max_rel_err=2.38e+04
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 9,550 chars (click to expand)
turn 714.5s turn · 14.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ void add8(const float* __restrict__ xptr, const float* __restrict__ wptr, float &acc) {\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 0*32768), __ldg(wptr + 0*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 1*32768), __ldg(wptr + 1*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 2*32768), __ldg(wptr + 2*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 3*32768), __ldg(wptr + 3*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 4*32768), __ldg(wptr + 4*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 5*32768), __ldg(wptr + 5*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 6*32768), __ldg(wptr + 6*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(__ldg(xptr + 7*32768), __ldg(wptr + 7*240), acc);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_fixed_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = (int)(blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x);\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int ow = q % 766; q /= 766;\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7;\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n int mode = ow % 3;\n int out_index = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + ow);\n int w_co_base = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n int x_n_base = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u) {\n int x_row_base = x_n_base + ih * 256;\n int w_kh_base = w_co_base + kh * 5;\n if (mode == 0) {\n int iw = ow / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw, w + w_kh_base + 2, acc);\n } else if (mode == 1) {\n int iw0 = (ow + 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 0, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 3, acc);\n } else {\n int iw0 = (ow + 1) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw0, w + w_kh_base + 1, acc);\n int iw1 = (ow - 2) / 3;\n add8(x + x_row_base + iw1, w + w_kh_base + 4, acc);\n }\n }\n }\n y[out_index] = acc;\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g;\n float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }}\n y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n size_t bytes = (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float);\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, bytes, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N*Cout*H*Wout;\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_fixed_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 3568.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 3158.43 μs [↓11885.2μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 144.8/3350 GB/s (4.3%) [↑2.3% ok] read=23.2 write=121.6 GB/s Hit rates: L2=97.3% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=18.0% [↓7.7% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=18.0%, Tensor=0.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 46.6% [↑22.9% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 2.12 Launch: regs/thread=55, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=392192 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 1.60 sectors/req (1.6x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 187.0% #################### mio_throttle 12.4% ## short_scoreboard 7.1% # --- Optimization Hints --- -> 187% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=1.6 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 15043.65→3158.43μs (↓11885.22) ok DRAM BW%: 2.06→4.32% (↑2.27) ok Compute%: 25.62→17.97% (↓7.66) REGRESSED Occupancy: 23.70→46.64% (↑22.94) ok Eligible warps/cyc: 1.11→2.12 (↑1.01) ok Ld sectors/req: 1.56→1.60 (↑0.04) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 92.51→97.27% (↑4.76) ok
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 45.9s turn · 45.9s LLM · 8,315 chars (click to expand)
turn 845.9s turn · 45.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ void add8s(const float* __restrict__ xs, const float* __restrict__ wptr, int pos, float &acc) {\n acc = fmaf(xs[0*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 0*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[1*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 1*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[2*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 2*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[3*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 3*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[4*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 4*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[5*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 5*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[6*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 6*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[7*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 7*240), acc);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_tile_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y) {\n __shared__ float xs[3*8*8];\n int tx = threadIdx.x; // ow in tile\n int ty = threadIdx.y; // output channel in group\n int tid = ty * 16 + tx;\n int tile = blockIdx.x; // 0..47\n int orow = blockIdx.y; // 0..127\n int zg = blockIdx.z;\n int g = zg & 3;\n int n = zg >> 2;\n int ow_start = tile * 16;\n int iw_base = (ow_start >= 2) ? ((ow_start - 2) / 3) : 0;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n int x_n_base = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n\n if (tid < 192) {\n int pos = tid & 7;\n int ci = (tid >> 3) & 7;\n int kh = tid >> 6;\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n int iw = iw_base + pos;\n float v = 0.0f;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u && iw < 256) {\n v = __ldg(x + x_n_base + ci * 32768 + ih * 256 + iw);\n }\n xs[(kh * 8 + ci) * 8 + pos] = v;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n int ow = ow_start + tx;\n if (ow >= 766) return;\n int co = g * 16 + ty;\n int cog = ty;\n int w_co_base = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n int mode = ow % 3;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n const float* xsk = xs + kh * 64;\n int wkh = w_co_base + kh * 5;\n if (mode == 0) {\n int pos = ow / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 2, pos, acc);\n } else if (mode == 1) {\n int pos0 = (ow + 2) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 0, pos0, acc);\n int pos1 = (ow - 1) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 3, pos1, acc);\n } else {\n int pos0 = (ow + 1) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 1, pos0, acc);\n int pos1 = (ow - 2) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 4, pos1, acc);\n }\n }\n int out_index = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + ow);\n y[out_index] = acc;\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g; float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }} y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float), at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n dim3 block(16,16,1); dim3 grid(48,128,64);\n deconv2d_tile_kernel<<<grid,block,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>());\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v4\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=3.58e-07 mean_abs_err=5.92e-09 max_rel_err=2.38e+04
turn 9 · 1 tool call(s) · 15.2s turn · 15.2s LLM · 9,904 chars (click to expand)
turn 915.2s turn · 15.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ void add8s(const float* __restrict__ xs, const float* __restrict__ wptr, int pos, float &acc) {\n acc = fmaf(xs[0*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 0*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[1*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 1*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[2*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 2*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[3*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 3*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[4*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 4*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[5*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 5*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[6*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 6*240), acc);\n acc = fmaf(xs[7*8 + pos], __ldg(wptr + 7*240), acc);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_tile_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y) {\n __shared__ float xs[3*8*8];\n int tx = threadIdx.x; // ow in tile\n int ty = threadIdx.y; // output channel in group\n int tid = ty * 16 + tx;\n int tile = blockIdx.x; // 0..47\n int orow = blockIdx.y; // 0..127\n int zg = blockIdx.z;\n int g = zg & 3;\n int n = zg >> 2;\n int ow_start = tile * 16;\n int iw_base = (ow_start >= 2) ? ((ow_start - 2) / 3) : 0;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n int x_n_base = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n\n if (tid < 192) {\n int pos = tid & 7;\n int ci = (tid >> 3) & 7;\n int kh = tid >> 6;\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n int iw = iw_base + pos;\n float v = 0.0f;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u && iw < 256) {\n v = __ldg(x + x_n_base + ci * 32768 + ih * 256 + iw);\n }\n xs[(kh * 8 + ci) * 8 + pos] = v;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n int ow = ow_start + tx;\n if (ow >= 766) return;\n int co = g * 16 + ty;\n int cog = ty;\n int w_co_base = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n float acc = 0.0f;\n int mode = ow % 3;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n const float* xsk = xs + kh * 64;\n int wkh = w_co_base + kh * 5;\n if (mode == 0) {\n int pos = ow / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 2, pos, acc);\n } else if (mode == 1) {\n int pos0 = (ow + 2) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 0, pos0, acc);\n int pos1 = (ow - 1) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 3, pos1, acc);\n } else {\n int pos0 = (ow + 1) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 1, pos0, acc);\n int pos1 = (ow - 2) / 3 - iw_base;\n add8s(xsk, w + wkh + 4, pos1, acc);\n }\n }\n int out_index = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + ow);\n y[out_index] = acc;\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g; float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }} y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float), at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n dim3 block(16,16,1); dim3 grid(48,128,64);\n deconv2d_tile_kernel<<<grid,block,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>());\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v4\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 3600.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 3209.95 μs [↑51.5μs REGRESSED] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 142.5/3350 GB/s (4.3%) [↓0.1% REGRESSED] read=22.9 write=119.6 GB/s Hit rates: L2=93.5% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=15.9% [↓2.0% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=15.9%, Tensor=0.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 58.6% [↑11.9% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 1.88 Launch: regs/thread=44, smem/blk=1792B, block=256, grid=393216 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 2.04 sectors/req (2.0x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- mio_throttle 454.0% #################### short_scoreboard 84.4% ################ long_scoreboard 69.3% ############# --- Optimization Hints --- -> 454% stalls: memory-instruction throttle. Too many outstanding memory ops; batch loads, reduce address divergence. -> Global load coalescing=2.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 2x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. -> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 3158.43→3209.95μs (↑51.52) REGRESSED DRAM BW%: 4.32→4.25% (↓0.07) REGRESSED Compute%: 17.97→15.92% (↓2.04) REGRESSED Occupancy: 46.64→58.58% (↑11.94) ok Eligible warps/cyc: 2.12→1.88 (↓0.24) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 1.60→2.04 (↑0.43) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 97.27→93.53% (↓3.75) REGRESSED
turn 10 · 1 tool call(s) · 38.3s turn · 38.3s LLM · 9,342 chars (click to expand)
turn 1038.3s turn · 38.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating tensor core optimization** I’m thinking about how tile processing isn't faster due to shared overhead and whether I should revert to v3 or optimize it further. Using tensor cores could be beneficial, especially with im2col and batched GEMM. I've fixed a computation problem, and now I'm calculating outputs using sparse matrices. The potential TFLOP calculations are promising, but constructing im2col might become a challenge. I need to consider how to manage the error tolerance with TF32 and ensure correctness with PyTorch. Plus, I have to analyze the approach to input-centric computation and manage atomics carefully. **Exploring zero optimization** I’m considering how to exploit zeros in the final output, especially where even rows are zero. I think about returning a strided view with zeros, possibly using `torch.empty_strided`, while making sure it matches non-contiguous data. It’s intriguing to think I could create an output that keeps even rows as zero without materializing them. I wonder if I can have odd and even rows in the same storage layout. The challenge will be ensuring I handle the stride properly without conditions complicating the process. Skipping `cudaMemset` could also save time, especially if I can optimize thread usage effectively. **Considering custom kernel optimization** I’m pondering whether a custom zero_even kernel that writes only the even rows could be faster than using `memset` on all the rows. The write size being 402MB instead of 806MB is interesting, and it might lead to efficiency gains, especially with many threads working in parallel. I’m thinking I could use a vectorized store for the even rows to ensure they’re contiguous in memory. This could streamline the process and improve performance significantly!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_w3_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int j = q & 255; q >>= 8; // produces ow = 3*j, 3*j+1, 3*j+2\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7;\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n int x_base0 = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n int w_base0 = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n float a0 = 0.0f, a1 = 0.0f, a2 = 0.0f;\n bool has12 = (j < 255);\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u) {\n int xb = x_base0 + ih * 256 + j;\n int wb = w_base0 + kh * 5;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {\n float x0 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768);\n float w2 = __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 2);\n a0 = fmaf(x0, w2, a0);\n if (has12) {\n float x1 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768 + 1);\n a1 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 0), a1);\n a1 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 3), a1);\n a2 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 1), a2);\n a2 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 4), a2);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n int out0 = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + j * 3);\n y[out0] = a0;\n if (has12) {\n y[out0 + 1] = a1;\n y[out0 + 2] = a2;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g; float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }} y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float), at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N * Cout * H * 256;\n int threads = 256, blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n deconv2d_w3_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v5\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=3.58e-07 mean_abs_err=6.00e-09 max_rel_err=2.38e+04
turn 11 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.7s turn · 13.7s LLM · 9,315 chars (click to expand)
turn 1113.7s turn · 13.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_w3_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int j = q & 255; q >>= 8; // produces ow = 3*j, 3*j+1, 3*j+2\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7;\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n int x_base0 = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n int w_base0 = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n float a0 = 0.0f, a1 = 0.0f, a2 = 0.0f;\n bool has12 = (j < 255);\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u) {\n int xb = x_base0 + ih * 256 + j;\n int wb = w_base0 + kh * 5;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {\n float x0 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768);\n float w2 = __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 2);\n a0 = fmaf(x0, w2, a0);\n if (has12) {\n float x1 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768 + 1);\n a1 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 0), a1);\n a1 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 3), a1);\n a2 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 1), a2);\n a2 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 4), a2);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n int out0 = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + j * 3);\n y[out0] = a0;\n if (has12) {\n y[out0 + 1] = a1;\n y[out0 + 2] = a2;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g; float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }} y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float), at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N * Cout * H * 256;\n int threads = 256, blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n deconv2d_w3_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_v5\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 391597.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 959.68 μs [↓2250.3μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 475.9/3350 GB/s (14.2%) [↑10.0% ok] read=76.4 write=399.5 GB/s Hit rates: L2=96.4% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=14.5% [↓1.4% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=14.5%, Tensor=0.4% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: COMPUTE-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 22.4% [↓36.2% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 0.90 WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism Launch: regs/thread=128, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=131072 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 1.98 sectors/req (2.0x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 155.9% #################### short_scoreboard 11.5% ## mio_throttle 4.4% --- Optimization Hints --- -> 156% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=2.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Low occupancy (22%) limited by registers (128/thread). Consider __launch_bounds__ or reducing register pressure. -> Low eligible warps + low BW% + low compute% = LATENCY-BOUND. Need more parallelism (larger grid, more ILP, prefetching). -> Compute-bound but NOT using tensor cores. If applicable, use FP16/BF16 with torch.matmul or WMMA intrinsics. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 3209.95→959.68μs (↓2250.27) ok DRAM BW%: 4.25→14.21% (↑9.95) ok Compute%: 15.92→14.51% (↓1.41) REGRESSED Occupancy: 58.58→22.38% (↓36.20) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 1.88→0.90 (↓0.99) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 2.04→1.98 (↓0.05) ok L2 hit%: 93.53→96.36% (↑2.84) ok
turn 12 · 1 tool call(s) · 14.7s turn · 14.7s LLM · 7,815 chars (click to expand)
turn 1214.7s turn · 14.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Preparing for final submission** I’m thinking we need to finalize what feels like version 5. It might be a good idea to run a static check first since we have 38 calls to review. I really want to ensure there’s no potential for issues like hacking! I need to confirm that specialization based on the task is fixed, and check if we’re allowed to accept the same constructor with a generic fallback. Definitely need that static check before we proceed!
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_w3_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int j = q & 255; q >>= 8;\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7;\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n int x_base0 = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n int w_base0 = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n float a0 = 0.0f, a1 = 0.0f, a2 = 0.0f;\n bool has12 = (j < 255);\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u) {\n int xb = x_base0 + ih * 256 + j;\n int wb = w_base0 + kh * 5;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {\n float x0 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768);\n a0 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 2), a0);\n if (has12) {\n float x1 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768 + 1);\n a1 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 0), a1);\n a1 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 3), a1);\n a2 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 1), a2);\n a2 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 4), a2);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n int out0 = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + j * 3);\n y[out0] = a0;\n if (has12) {\n y[out0 + 1] = a1;\n y[out0 + 2] = a2;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g; float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }} y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float), at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N * Cout * H * 256;\n int threads = 256, blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n deconv2d_w3_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_final\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 13 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 12.4s turn · 12.4s LLM · 7,631 chars (click to expand)
turn 1312.4s turn · 12.4s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,\n int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,\n int64_t groups);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_w3_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int q = idx;\n int j = q & 255; q >>= 8;\n int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7;\n int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;\n int n = q;\n int g = co >> 4;\n int cog = co & 15;\n int ci0 = g << 3;\n int x_base0 = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;\n int w_base0 = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;\n float a0 = 0.0f, a1 = 0.0f, a2 = 0.0f;\n bool has12 = (j < 255);\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {\n int ih = orow + 1 - kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < 128u) {\n int xb = x_base0 + ih * 256 + j;\n int wb = w_base0 + kh * 5;\n #pragma unroll\n for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {\n float x0 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768);\n a0 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 2), a0);\n if (has12) {\n float x1 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768 + 1);\n a1 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 0), a1);\n a1 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 3), a1);\n a2 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 1), a2);\n a2 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 4), a2);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n int out0 = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + j * 3);\n y[out0] = a0;\n if (has12) {\n y[out0 + 1] = a1;\n y[out0 + 2] = a2;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,\n int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx >= total) return;\n int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;\n int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g; float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;\n for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;\n for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);\n }} y[idx]=acc;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,\n int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,\n int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {\n x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();\n int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;\n int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;\n int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;\n auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());\n if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {\n cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float), at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());\n int total = N * Cout * H * 256;\n int threads = 256, blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n deconv2d_w3_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n } else {\n const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}\n int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"deconv2d_ext_final\", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"conv_transpose2d_forward\"], verbose=False,\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"])\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)\n self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 1.25 μs Runtime stats: mean=1.25μs median=?μs std=0.09μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=4.17e-07 mean_abs_err=6.00e-09 max_rel_err=2.38e+04 Memory: 866.05 MB peak (ref: 866.05 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 1 (ref: 4, fusion ratio: 4.0) Energy: 241.62 mJ/run (ref: 725.0 mJ, ratio: 3.0006x) SOL score: 0.1452
final submitted kernel (111 lines, 6,176 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,
                                      int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w,
                                      int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,
                                      int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w,
                                      int64_t groups);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>

__global__ __launch_bounds__(256, 2) void deconv2d_w3_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,
                                const float* __restrict__ w,
                                float* __restrict__ y,
                                int total) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;
    int q = idx;
    int j = q & 255; q >>= 8;
    int orow = q & 127; q >>= 7;
    int co = q & 63; q >>= 6;
    int n = q;
    int g = co >> 4;
    int cog = co & 15;
    int ci0 = g << 3;
    int x_base0 = n * 1048576 + ci0 * 32768;
    int w_base0 = (ci0 * 16 + cog) * 15;
    float a0 = 0.0f, a1 = 0.0f, a2 = 0.0f;
    bool has12 = (j < 255);

    #pragma unroll
    for (int kh = 0; kh < 3; ++kh) {
        int ih = orow + 1 - kh;
        if ((unsigned)ih < 128u) {
            int xb = x_base0 + ih * 256 + j;
            int wb = w_base0 + kh * 5;
            #pragma unroll
            for (int c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {
                float x0 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768);
                a0 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 2), a0);
                if (has12) {
                    float x1 = __ldg(x + xb + c * 32768 + 1);
                    a1 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 0), a1);
                    a1 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 3), a1);
                    a2 = fmaf(x1, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 1), a2);
                    a2 = fmaf(x0, __ldg(w + wb + c * 240 + 4), a2);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int out0 = (((n * 64 + co) * 257 + (orow * 2 + 1)) * 766 + j * 3);
    y[out0] = a0;
    if (has12) {
        y[out0 + 1] = a1;
        y[out0 + 2] = a2;
    }
}

__global__ void deconv2d_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, const float* __restrict__ w, const float* __restrict__ b, float* __restrict__ y,
    int N,int Cin,int H,int W,int Cout,int kH,int kW,int sh,int sw,int ph,int pw,int dh,int dw,int groups,int Hout,int Wout,int total) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; if (idx >= total) return;
    int ow = idx % Wout; int t = idx / Wout; int oh = t % Hout; t /= Hout; int co = t % Cout; int n = t / Cout;
    int cin_g = Cin/groups, cout_g=Cout/groups, g=co/cout_g, cog=co-g*cout_g; float acc = b ? b[co] : 0.0f;
    for(int kh=0; kh<kH; ++kh){ int ihn=oh+ph-kh*dh; if(ihn%sh) continue; int ih=ihn/sh; if((unsigned)ih>=(unsigned)H) continue;
      for(int kw=0; kw<kW; ++kw){ int iwn=ow+pw-kw*dw; if(iwn%sw) continue; int iw=iwn/sw; if((unsigned)iw>=(unsigned)W) continue;
        for(int c=0;c<cin_g;++c) acc=fmaf(x[((n*Cin+g*cin_g+c)*H+ih)*W+iw], w[(((g*cin_g+c)*cout_g+cog)*kH+kh)*kW+kw], acc);
      }} y[idx]=acc;
}

torch::Tensor conv_transpose2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor weight, c10::optional<torch::Tensor> bias,
                                      int64_t stride_h, int64_t stride_w, int64_t pad_h, int64_t pad_w,
                                      int64_t dil_h, int64_t dil_w, int64_t groups) {
    x = x.contiguous(); weight = weight.contiguous();
    int N=x.size(0), Cin=x.size(1), H=x.size(2), W=x.size(3), kH=weight.size(2), kW=weight.size(3), Cout=weight.size(1)*groups;
    int Hout=(H-1)*(int)stride_h-2*(int)pad_h+(int)dil_h*(kH-1)+1;
    int Wout=(W-1)*(int)stride_w-2*(int)pad_w+(int)dil_w*(kW-1)+1;
    auto y=torch::empty({N,Cout,Hout,Wout}, x.options());
    if (N==16 && Cin==32 && H==128 && W==256 && Cout==64 && kH==3 && kW==5 && stride_h==2 && stride_w==3 && pad_h==1 && pad_w==2 && dil_h==2 && dil_w==1 && groups==4 && !(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined())) {
        cudaMemsetAsync(y.data_ptr<float>(), 0, (size_t)N*Cout*Hout*Wout*sizeof(float), at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream());
        int total = N * Cout * H * 256;
        int threads = 256, blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;
        deconv2d_w3_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), weight.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total);
    } else {
        const float* bp=nullptr; torch::Tensor bc; if(bias.has_value() && bias.value().defined()){bc=bias.value().contiguous(); bp=bc.data_ptr<float>();}
        int total=N*Cout*Hout*Wout; int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;
        deconv2d_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(),weight.data_ptr<float>(),bp,y.data_ptr<float>(),N,Cin,H,W,Cout,kH,kW,(int)stride_h,(int)stride_w,(int)pad_h,(int)pad_w,(int)dil_h,(int)dil_w,(int)groups,Hout,Wout,total);
    }
    return y;
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(name="deconv2d_ext_final", cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
                   functions=["conv_transpose2d_forward"], verbose=False,
                   extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"], extra_cflags=["-O3"])

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels: int, out_channels: int, kernel_size: tuple, stride: tuple = (1, 1), padding: tuple = (0, 0), dilation: tuple = (1, 1), groups: int = 1, bias: bool = False):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose2d = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)
        self.stride = stride; self.padding = padding; self.dilation = dilation; self.groups = groups
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return _ext.conv_transpose2d_forward(x, self.conv_transpose2d.weight, self.conv_transpose2d.bias, self.stride[0], self.stride[1], self.padding[0], self.padding[1], self.dilation[0], self.dilation[1], self.groups)