correct
53_Min_reduction_over_a_dimension.py
started
2026-05-04T06:36:54Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
3.50 / — / 0.05 μs
ref mean / median / std
3.24 / — / 0.01 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
3.00x
energyNVML (pynvml)
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.17x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
2811.30 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Simple model that performs min reduction over a specific dimension.
"""
def __init__(self, dim: int):
"""
Initializes the model with the dimension to reduce over.
Args:
dim (int): The dimension to reduce over.
"""
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.dim = dim
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Applies min reduction over the specified dimension to the input tensor.
Args:
x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor.
Returns:
torch.Tensor: Output tensor after min reduction over the specified dimension.
"""
return torch.min(x, dim=self.dim)[0]
batch_size = 128
dim1 = 4096
dim2 = 4095
def get_inputs():
x = torch.rand(batch_size, dim1, dim2)
return [x]
def get_init_inputs():
return [1] # Example, change to desired dimensionturn 08.9s turn · 8.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs
{}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs
GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3:
total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB
spec entry: H100
GPU Architecture: Hopper
GPU Memory: 80GB
Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s
FP64 TFLOPS: 34
FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67
FP32 TFLOPS: 67
TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity
BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity
FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity
INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity
Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM
Maximum number of registers per thread: 255
Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32
Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB
Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 116.9s turn · 16.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <vector>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = x + (long long)row * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = tid; i < D2; i += blockDim.x) {\n mn = fminf(mn, base[i]);\n }\n smem[tid] = mn;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fminf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) out[row] = smem[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int k = idx / D2;\n int col = idx - (long long)k * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n const float* p = x + (long long)k * D2 + col;\n long long stride = (long long)D1 * D2;\n for (int b = 0; b < B; ++b) {\n mn = fminf(mn, *p);\n p += stride;\n }\n out[idx] = mn;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"x must be float32\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 3, \"x must be 3D\");\n if (dim < 0) dim += 3;\n TORCH_CHECK(dim >= 0 && dim < 3, \"bad dim\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int B = (int)xc.size(0);\n int D1 = (int)xc.size(1);\n int D2 = (int)xc.size(2);\n torch::Tensor out;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = xc.data_ptr<float>();\n if (dim == 1) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n dim3 grid((D2 + threads - 1) / threads, B);\n min_dim1_kernel<<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n } else if (dim == 2) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D1}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n min_dim2_kernel<<<B * D1, threads, threads * sizeof(float), stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B * D1, D2);\n } else {\n out = torch::empty({D1, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n min_dim0_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.dim = dim\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x, self.dim)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 28.2s turn · 8.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <vector>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = x + (long long)row * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = tid; i < D2; i += blockDim.x) {\n mn = fminf(mn, base[i]);\n }\n smem[tid] = mn;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fminf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) out[row] = smem[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int k = idx / D2;\n int col = idx - (long long)k * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n const float* p = x + (long long)k * D2 + col;\n long long stride = (long long)D1 * D2;\n for (int b = 0; b < B; ++b) {\n mn = fminf(mn, *p);\n p += stride;\n }\n out[idx] = mn;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"x must be float32\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 3, \"x must be 3D\");\n if (dim < 0) dim += 3;\n TORCH_CHECK(dim >= 0 && dim < 3, \"bad dim\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int B = (int)xc.size(0);\n int D1 = (int)xc.size(1);\n int D2 = (int)xc.size(2);\n torch::Tensor out;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = xc.data_ptr<float>();\n if (dim == 1) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n dim3 grid((D2 + threads - 1) / threads, B);\n min_dim1_kernel<<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n } else if (dim == 2) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D1}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n min_dim2_kernel<<<B * D1, threads, threads * sizeof(float), stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B * D1, D2);\n } else {\n out = torch::empty({D1, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n min_dim0_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.dim = dim\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x, self.dim)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 37.8s turn · 7.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n#include <vector>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = x + (long long)row * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = tid; i < D2; i += blockDim.x) {\n mn = fminf(mn, base[i]);\n }\n smem[tid] = mn;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fminf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) out[row] = smem[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int k = idx / D2;\n int col = idx - (long long)k * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n const float* p = x + (long long)k * D2 + col;\n long long stride = (long long)D1 * D2;\n for (int b = 0; b < B; ++b) {\n mn = fminf(mn, *p);\n p += stride;\n }\n out[idx] = mn;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"x must be float32\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 3, \"x must be 3D\");\n if (dim < 0) dim += 3;\n TORCH_CHECK(dim >= 0 && dim < 3, \"bad dim\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int B = (int)xc.size(0);\n int D1 = (int)xc.size(1);\n int D2 = (int)xc.size(2);\n torch::Tensor out;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = xc.data_ptr<float>();\n if (dim == 1) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n dim3 grid((D2 + threads - 1) / threads, B);\n min_dim1_kernel<<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n } else if (dim == 2) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D1}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n min_dim2_kernel<<<B * D1, threads, threads * sizeof(float), stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B * D1, D2);\n } else {\n out = torch::empty({D1, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n min_dim0_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_v1', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.dim = dim\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x, self.dim)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 67.0μs (100%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 3569.02 μs
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 2784.6/3350 GB/s (83.1%)
read=2783.3 write=1.2 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=9.8%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Pipe util: FMA=3.3%, Tensor=0.0%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: UNKNOWN
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 96.0%
Eligible warps/cycle: 0.12
WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism
Launch: regs/thread=26, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=2048
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 4.87 sectors/req (4.9x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 13184.3% ####################
mio_throttle 1.5%
short_scoreboard 0.8%
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 13184% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=4.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=4.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 5x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 417.1s turn · 17.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Analyzing kernel optimization**
I’m exploring how different thread configurations might affect performance in terms of memory access patterns. A 128 or 512 thread block size could be beneficial, and I want to compare different kernel variants. It seems I might need to use some constants for speed and address arithmetic improvements since the current setup has limitations around compile-time constants. However, full unrolling might be excessive. I should evaluate options like unrolling and specialized kernels for fixed shapes.
**Exploring kernel specialization**
I’m considering whether I can hardcode dimensions for improved performance while still needing to support general cases. A specialized kernel might work if I focus on fixed parameters, mainly keeping B constant at 128, while allowing flexibility with grid dimensions. I should also evaluate a loop condition where k is less than 4096, which increments a counter. There’s a thought about adjusting the base using a left shift, but I need to determine how best to implement that.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_4096_4095_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= 4095) return;\n const float* p = x + (long long)b * 4096LL * 4095LL + col;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 8\n for (int k = 0; k < 4096; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += 4095;\n }\n out[(long long)b * 4095LL + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) { mn=fminf(mn,*p); p += D2; }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[]; int row=blockIdx.x, tid=threadIdx.x; const float* base=x+(long long)row*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX;\n for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x) mn=fminf(mn,base[i]); smem[tid]=mn; __syncthreads();\n for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){ if(tid<s) smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]); __syncthreads(); } if(tid==0) out[row]=smem[0];\n}\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; if(idx>=total) return; int k=idx/D2; int col=idx-(long long)k*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX; const float* p=x+(long long)k*D2+col; long long stride=(long long)D1*D2; for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p); p+=stride;} out[idx]=mn;\n}\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda() && x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32 && x.dim()==3, \"bad input\"); if(dim<0) dim+=3; auto xc=x.contiguous(); int B=xc.size(0), D1=xc.size(1), D2=xc.size(2); auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float* xp=xc.data_ptr<float>(); torch::Tensor out;\n if(dim==1){ out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; dim3 grid((D2+threads-1)/threads,B); if(D1==4096 && D2==4095) min_dim1_4096_4095_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>()); else min_dim1_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n else if(dim==2){ out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options()); int threads=256; min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2); }\n else { out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim:int): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel
compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 57.4s turn · 7.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_4096_4095_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= 4095) return;\n const float* p = x + (long long)b * 4096LL * 4095LL + col;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 8\n for (int k = 0; k < 4096; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += 4095;\n }\n out[(long long)b * 4095LL + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) { mn=fminf(mn,*p); p += D2; }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[]; int row=blockIdx.x, tid=threadIdx.x; const float* base=x+(long long)row*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX;\n for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x) mn=fminf(mn,base[i]); smem[tid]=mn; __syncthreads();\n for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){ if(tid<s) smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]); __syncthreads(); } if(tid==0) out[row]=smem[0];\n}\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; if(idx>=total) return; int k=idx/D2; int col=idx-(long long)k*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX; const float* p=x+(long long)k*D2+col; long long stride=(long long)D1*D2; for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p); p+=stride;} out[idx]=mn;\n}\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda() && x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32 && x.dim()==3, \"bad input\"); if(dim<0) dim+=3; auto xc=x.contiguous(); int B=xc.size(0), D1=xc.size(1), D2=xc.size(2); auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float* xp=xc.data_ptr<float>(); torch::Tensor out;\n if(dim==1){ out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; dim3 grid((D2+threads-1)/threads,B); if(D1==4096 && D2==4095) min_dim1_4096_4095_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>()); else min_dim1_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n else if(dim==2){ out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options()); int threads=256; min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2); }\n else { out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim:int): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
turn 68.5s turn · 8.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_4096_4095_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= 4095) return;\n const float* p = x + (long long)b * 4096LL * 4095LL + col;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 8\n for (int k = 0; k < 4096; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += 4095;\n }\n out[(long long)b * 4095LL + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) { mn=fminf(mn,*p); p += D2; }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[]; int row=blockIdx.x, tid=threadIdx.x; const float* base=x+(long long)row*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX;\n for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x) mn=fminf(mn,base[i]); smem[tid]=mn; __syncthreads();\n for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){ if(tid<s) smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]); __syncthreads(); } if(tid==0) out[row]=smem[0];\n}\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out, int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; if(idx>=total) return; int k=idx/D2; int col=idx-(long long)k*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX; const float* p=x+(long long)k*D2+col; long long stride=(long long)D1*D2; for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p); p+=stride;} out[idx]=mn;\n}\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda() && x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32 && x.dim()==3, \"bad input\"); if(dim<0) dim+=3; auto xc=x.contiguous(); int B=xc.size(0), D1=xc.size(1), D2=xc.size(2); auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float* xp=xc.data_ptr<float>(); torch::Tensor out;\n if(dim==1){ out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; dim3 grid((D2+threads-1)/threads,B); if(D1==4096 && D2==4095) min_dim1_4096_4095_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>()); else min_dim1_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n else if(dim==2){ out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options()); int threads=256; min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2); }\n else { out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_v2', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim:int): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 45.0μs (100%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 3619.17 μs [↑50.1μs REGRESSED]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 2793.8/3350 GB/s (83.4%) [↑0.3% ok]
read=2792.4 write=1.3 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=9.4%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Pipe util: FMA=0.7%, Tensor=0.0%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: UNKNOWN
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 93.9% [↓2.1% REGRESSED]
Eligible warps/cycle: 0.10
WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism
Launch: regs/thread=26, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=2048
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 4.87 sectors/req (4.9x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 23881.4% ####################
mio_throttle 3.3%
short_scoreboard 2.3%
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 23881% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=4.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=4.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 5x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 3569.02→3619.17μs (↑50.14) REGRESSED
DRAM BW%: 83.12→83.40% (↑0.28) ok
Occupancy: 96.01→93.86% (↓2.15) REGRESSED
Eligible warps/cyc: 0.12→0.10 (↓0.02) REGRESSED
L2 hit%: 9.81→9.38% (↓0.42) REGRESSED
turn 78.1s turn · 8.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src=r'''#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x,int64_t dim);'''\ncuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int B,int D1,int D2){int b=blockIdx.y;int col=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;if(col>=D2)return;const float* p=x+((long long)b*D1*D2+col);float mn=FLT_MAX;#pragma unroll 4\nfor(int k=0;k<D1;++k){mn=fminf(mn,*p);p+=D2;}out[(long long)b*D2+col]=mn;}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int total_rows,int D2){extern __shared__ float smem[];int row=blockIdx.x,tid=threadIdx.x;const float* base=x+(long long)row*D2;float mn=FLT_MAX;for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x)mn=fminf(mn,base[i]);smem[tid]=mn;__syncthreads();for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){if(tid<s)smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]);__syncthreads();}if(tid==0)out[row]=smem[0];}\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int B,int D1,int D2){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)D1*D2;if(idx>=total)return;int k=idx/D2;int col=idx-(long long)k*D2;float mn=FLT_MAX;const float*p=x+(long long)k*D2+col;long long stride=(long long)D1*D2;for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p);p+=stride;}out[idx]=mn;}\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x,int64_t dim){TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda()&&x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32&&x.dim()==3,\"bad\");if(dim<0)dim+=3;auto xc=x.contiguous();int B=xc.size(0),D1=xc.size(1),D2=xc.size(2);auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();auto xp=xc.data_ptr<float>();torch::Tensor out;if(dim==1){out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options());int threads=128;dim3 grid((D2+threads-1)/threads,B);min_dim1_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);}else if(dim==2){out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options());int threads=256;min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2);}else{out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options());int threads=256;long long total=(long long)D1*D2;min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);}return out;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_t128',cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=['min_reduce_cuda'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,dim:int):super(ModelNew,self).__init__();self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x):return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (fail)
failprofile_kernel
profile_kernel FAILED: worker exited with code 1.
;#pragma unroll 4
^
2 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_53_cache/k_0a65042b14dc/min_reduce_ext_t128/cuda.cu".
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 812.2s turn · 12.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Compiling code issues**
I’m noticing there’s a line in my code related to pragma that needs attention. It sounds like I’ll need to compile it properly. I might also consider using my previous code as a reference to replace `int threads=128` and the associated name. This way, I could ensure my code is functioning properly. Let’s see if I can make those adjustments and get everything running smoothly again!
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[]; int row=blockIdx.x; int tid=threadIdx.x; const float* base=x+(long long)row*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX;\n for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x) mn=fminf(mn,base[i]); smem[tid]=mn; __syncthreads();\n for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){ if(tid<s) smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]); __syncthreads(); } if(tid==0) out[row]=smem[0];\n}\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; if(idx>=total) return; int k=idx/D2; int col=idx-(long long)k*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX; const float* p=x+(long long)k*D2+col; long long stride=(long long)D1*D2; for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p); p+=stride;} out[idx]=mn;\n}\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda() && x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32 && x.dim()==3, \"bad input\"); if(dim<0) dim+=3; auto xc=x.contiguous(); int B=xc.size(0), D1=xc.size(1), D2=xc.size(2); auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float* xp=xc.data_ptr<float>(); torch::Tensor out;\n if(dim==1){ out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options()); int threads=128; dim3 grid((D2+threads-1)/threads,B); min_dim1_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n else if(dim==2){ out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options()); int threads=256; min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2); }\n else { out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2); }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_t128b', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim:int): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 46.0μs (100%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 3632.19 μs [↑13.0μs REGRESSED]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 2799.5/3350 GB/s (83.6%) [↑0.2% ok]
read=2798.3 write=1.2 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=9.5%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Pipe util: FMA=3.2%, Tensor=0.0%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: UNKNOWN
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 96.1% [↑2.2% ok]
Eligible warps/cycle: 0.12
WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism
Launch: regs/thread=26, smem/blk=1024B, block=128, grid=4096
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 4.87 sectors/req (4.9x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 13408.8% ####################
mio_throttle 1.1%
short_scoreboard 0.6%
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 13409% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=4.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=4.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 5x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 3619.17→3632.19μs (↑13.02) REGRESSED
DRAM BW%: 83.40→83.57% (↑0.17) ok
Occupancy: 93.86→96.11% (↑2.25) ok
Eligible warps/cyc: 0.10→0.12 (↑0.02) ok
L2 hit%: 9.38→9.54% (↑0.16) ok
turn 97.6s turn · 7.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) { extern __shared__ float smem[]; int row=blockIdx.x, tid=threadIdx.x; const float* base=x+(long long)row*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX; for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x) mn=fminf(mn,base[i]); smem[tid]=mn; __syncthreads(); for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){if(tid<s) smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]); __syncthreads();} if(tid==0) out[row]=smem[0]; }\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) { long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; if(idx>=total) return; int k=idx/D2; int col=idx-(long long)k*D2; float mn=FLT_MAX; const float* p=x+(long long)k*D2+col; long long stride=(long long)D1*D2; for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p); p+=stride;} out[idx]=mn; }\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) { TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda()&&x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32&&x.dim()==3,\"bad\"); if(dim<0) dim+=3; auto xc=x.contiguous(); int B=xc.size(0),D1=xc.size(1),D2=xc.size(2); auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float*xp=xc.data_ptr<float>(); torch::Tensor out; if(dim==1){out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options()); int threads=512; dim3 grid((D2+threads-1)/threads,B); min_dim1_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);} else if(dim==2){out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options()); int threads=256; min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2);} else {out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options()); int threads=256; long long total=(long long)D1*D2; min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);} return out; }\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_t512', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim:int): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 44.0μs (100%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 3476.83 μs [↓155.4μs ok]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 2795.2/3350 GB/s (83.4%) [↓0.1% REGRESSED]
read=2793.9 write=1.2 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=10.2%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Pipe util: FMA=3.4%, Tensor=0.0%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: UNKNOWN
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 95.8% [↓0.3% REGRESSED]
Eligible warps/cycle: 0.13
WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism
Launch: regs/thread=26, smem/blk=1024B, block=512, grid=1024
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 4.87 sectors/req (4.9x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 12885.4% ####################
mio_throttle 1.6%
short_scoreboard 0.9%
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 12885% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=4.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=4.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 5x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 3632.19→3476.83μs (↓155.36) ok
DRAM BW%: 83.57→83.44% (↓0.13) REGRESSED
Occupancy: 96.11→95.80% (↓0.30) REGRESSED
L2 hit%: 9.54→10.23% (↑0.69) ok
turn 109.8s turn · 9.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,int B,int D1,int D2){\n int b=blockIdx.y; int col=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(col>=D2)return; const float* p=x+((long long)b*D1*D2+col); float mn=FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for(int k=0;k<D1;++k){float v=*p; mn=fminf(mn,v); p+=D2;} out[(long long)b*D2+col]=mn;}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int total_rows,int D2){extern __shared__ float smem[];int row=blockIdx.x,tid=threadIdx.x;const float* base=x+(long long)row*D2;float mn=FLT_MAX;for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x)mn=fminf(mn,base[i]);smem[tid]=mn;__syncthreads();for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){if(tid<s)smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]);__syncthreads();}if(tid==0)out[row]=smem[0];}\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int B,int D1,int D2){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;long long total=(long long)D1*D2;if(idx>=total)return;int k=idx/D2;int col=idx-(long long)k*D2;float mn=FLT_MAX;const float*p=x+(long long)k*D2+col;long long stride=(long long)D1*D2;for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p);p+=stride;}out[idx]=mn;}\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x,int64_t dim){TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda()&&x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32&&x.dim()==3,\"bad\");if(dim<0)dim+=3;auto xc=x.contiguous();int B=xc.size(0),D1=xc.size(1),D2=xc.size(2);auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();const float*xp=xc.data_ptr<float>();torch::Tensor out;if(dim==1){out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options());int threads=1024;dim3 grid((D2+threads-1)/threads,B);min_dim1_kernel<<<grid,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);}else if(dim==2){out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options());int threads=256;min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2);}else{out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options());int threads=256;long long total=(long long)D1*D2;min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);}return out;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_t1024', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src, functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,dim:int): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x): return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel
profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete.
=== Kernel Profile Summary ===
--- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) ---
#1: aten::empty 44.0μs (100%) calls=1
--- Timing ---
GPU time: 3500.48 μs [↑23.6μs REGRESSED]
--- Memory Bandwidth ---
DRAM BW: 2795.4/3350 GB/s (83.4%)
read=2794.1 write=1.3 GB/s
Hit rates: L2=9.7%
--- Compute Throughput ---
Pipe util: FMA=3.4%, Tensor=0.0%
--- Roofline Analysis ---
Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte
Classification: UNKNOWN
--- Occupancy ---
Achieved: 95.9% [↑0.1% ok]
Eligible warps/cycle: 0.13
WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism
Launch: regs/thread=26, smem/blk=1024B, block=1024, grid=512
--- Memory Access Quality ---
Global ld coalescing: 4.87 sectors/req (4.9x wasted BW)
--- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) ---
long_scoreboard 12697.2% ####################
mio_throttle 1.6%
short_scoreboard 0.9%
--- Optimization Hints ---
-> 12697% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=4.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set.
-> Global load coalescing=4.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 5x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
--- Delta vs Previous Iteration ---
GPU time: 3476.83→3500.48μs (↑23.65) REGRESSED
Occupancy: 95.80→95.94% (↑0.14) ok
L2 hit%: 10.23→9.74% (↓0.48) REGRESSED
turn 1115.5s turn · 15.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\ncpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x,int64_t dim);\n'''\ncuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n__global__ void min_dim1_2col_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int B,int D1,int D2){\n int b=blockIdx.y; int c0=blockIdx.x*512 + threadIdx.x; int c1=c0+256; if(c0>=D2) return;\n const float* p0=x+((long long)b*D1*D2+c0); const float* p1=x+((long long)b*D1*D2+c1);\n float m0=FLT_MAX, m1=FLT_MAX; bool v1=c1<D2;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for(int k=0;k<D1;++k){ m0=fminf(m0,*p0); if(v1) m1=fminf(m1,*p1); p0+=D2; p1+=D2; }\n out[(long long)b*D2+c0]=m0; if(v1) out[(long long)b*D2+c1]=m1;\n}\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int B,int D1,int D2){int b=blockIdx.y;int col=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;if(col>=D2)return;const float*p=x+((long long)b*D1*D2+col);float mn=FLT_MAX;#pragma unroll 4\nfor(int k=0;k<D1;++k){mn=fminf(mn,*p);p+=D2;}out[(long long)b*D2+col]=mn;}\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int total_rows,int D2){extern __shared__ float smem[];int row=blockIdx.x,tid=threadIdx.x;const float*base=x+(long long)row*D2;float mn=FLT_MAX;for(int i=tid;i<D2;i+=blockDim.x)mn=fminf(mn,base[i]);smem[tid]=mn;__syncthreads();for(int s=blockDim.x>>1;s>0;s>>=1){if(tid<s)smem[tid]=fminf(smem[tid],smem[tid+s]);__syncthreads();}if(tid==0)out[row]=smem[0];}\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ out,int B,int D1,int D2){long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,total=(long long)D1*D2;if(idx>=total)return;int k=idx/D2;int col=idx-(long long)k*D2;float mn=FLT_MAX;const float*p=x+(long long)k*D2+col;long long stride=(long long)D1*D2;for(int b=0;b<B;++b){mn=fminf(mn,*p);p+=stride;}out[idx]=mn;}\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x,int64_t dim){TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda()&&x.scalar_type()==torch::kFloat32&&x.dim()==3,\"bad\");if(dim<0)dim+=3;auto xc=x.contiguous();int B=xc.size(0),D1=xc.size(1),D2=xc.size(2);auto stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();const float*xp=xc.data_ptr<float>();torch::Tensor out;if(dim==1){out=torch::empty({B,D2},xc.options());dim3 grid((D2+511)/512,B);min_dim1_2col_kernel<<<grid,256,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);}else if(dim==2){out=torch::empty({B,D1},xc.options());int threads=256;min_dim2_kernel<<<B*D1,threads,threads*sizeof(float),stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B*D1,D2);}else{out=torch::empty({D1,D2},xc.options());int threads=256;long long total=(long long)D1*D2;min_dim0_kernel<<<(total+threads-1)/threads,threads,0,stream>>>(xp,out.data_ptr<float>(),B,D1,D2);}return out;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_2col',cpp_sources=cpp_src,cuda_sources=cuda_src,functions=['min_reduce_cuda'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,dim:int):super(ModelNew,self).__init__();self.dim=dim\n def forward(self,x):return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x,self.dim)\n"
}
result ← profile_kernel (fail)
failprofile_kernel
profile_kernel FAILED: worker exited with code 1.
;#pragma unroll 4
^
2 errors detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_53_cache/k_cebd51295bd1/min_reduce_ext_2col/cuda.cu".
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 12 · 2 tool call(s) · 21.5s turn · 21.5s LLM · 9,323 chars (click to expand)
turn 1221.5s turn · 21.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = x + (long long)row * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = tid; i < D2; i += blockDim.x) {\n mn = fminf(mn, base[i]);\n }\n smem[tid] = mn;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fminf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) out[row] = smem[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int k = idx / D2;\n int col = idx - (long long)k * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n const float* p = x + (long long)k * D2 + col;\n long long stride = (long long)D1 * D2;\n for (int b = 0; b < B; ++b) {\n mn = fminf(mn, *p);\n p += stride;\n }\n out[idx] = mn;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"x must be float32\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 3, \"x must be 3D\");\n if (dim < 0) dim += 3;\n TORCH_CHECK(dim >= 0 && dim < 3, \"bad dim\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int B = (int)xc.size(0);\n int D1 = (int)xc.size(1);\n int D2 = (int)xc.size(2);\n torch::Tensor out;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = xc.data_ptr<float>();\n if (dim == 1) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 512;\n dim3 grid((D2 + threads - 1) / threads, B);\n min_dim1_kernel<<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n } else if (dim == 2) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D1}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n min_dim2_kernel<<<B * D1, threads, threads * sizeof(float), stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B * D1, D2);\n } else {\n out = torch::empty({D1, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n min_dim0_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.dim = dim\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x, self.dim)\n"
}
call → static_check
callstatic_check
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = x + (long long)row * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = tid; i < D2; i += blockDim.x) {\n mn = fminf(mn, base[i]);\n }\n smem[tid] = mn;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fminf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) out[row] = smem[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int k = idx / D2;\n int col = idx - (long long)k * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n const float* p = x + (long long)k * D2 + col;\n long long stride = (long long)D1 * D2;\n for (int b = 0; b < B; ++b) {\n mn = fminf(mn, *p);\n p += stride;\n }\n out[idx] = mn;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"x must be float32\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 3, \"x must be 3D\");\n if (dim < 0) dim += 3;\n TORCH_CHECK(dim >= 0 && dim < 3, \"bad dim\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int B = (int)xc.size(0);\n int D1 = (int)xc.size(1);\n int D2 = (int)xc.size(2);\n torch::Tensor out;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = xc.data_ptr<float>();\n if (dim == 1) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 512;\n dim3 grid((D2 + threads - 1) / threads, B);\n min_dim1_kernel<<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n } else if (dim == 2) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D1}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n min_dim2_kernel<<<B * D1, threads, threads * sizeof(float), stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B * D1, D2);\n } else {\n out = torch::empty({D1, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n min_dim0_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.dim = dim\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x, self.dim)\n"
}
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness
run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference.
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check
static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 139.8s turn · 9.8s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\ncpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);\n'''\n\ncuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n int b = blockIdx.y;\n int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (col >= D2) return;\n const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n #pragma unroll 4\n for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {\n float v = *p;\n mn = fminf(mn, v);\n p += D2;\n }\n out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int total_rows, int D2) {\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n int row = blockIdx.x;\n int tid = threadIdx.x;\n const float* base = x + (long long)row * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n for (int i = tid; i < D2; i += blockDim.x) {\n mn = fminf(mn, base[i]);\n }\n smem[tid] = mn;\n __syncthreads();\n for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {\n if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fminf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]);\n __syncthreads();\n }\n if (tid == 0) out[row] = smem[0];\n}\n\n__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,\n int B, int D1, int D2) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n int k = idx / D2;\n int col = idx - (long long)k * D2;\n float mn = FLT_MAX;\n const float* p = x + (long long)k * D2 + col;\n long long stride = (long long)D1 * D2;\n for (int b = 0; b < B; ++b) {\n mn = fminf(mn, *p);\n p += stride;\n }\n out[idx] = mn;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, \"x must be float32\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 3, \"x must be 3D\");\n if (dim < 0) dim += 3;\n TORCH_CHECK(dim >= 0 && dim < 3, \"bad dim\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int B = (int)xc.size(0);\n int D1 = (int)xc.size(1);\n int D2 = (int)xc.size(2);\n torch::Tensor out;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = xc.data_ptr<float>();\n if (dim == 1) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 512;\n dim3 grid((D2 + threads - 1) / threads, B);\n min_dim1_kernel<<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n } else if (dim == 2) {\n out = torch::empty({B, D1}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n min_dim2_kernel<<<B * D1, threads, threads * sizeof(float), stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B * D1, D2);\n } else {\n out = torch::empty({D1, D2}, xc.options());\n int threads = 256;\n long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;\n min_dim0_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);\n }\n return out;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,\n functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, dim: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.dim = dim\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x, self.dim)\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 3.50 μs
Runtime stats: mean=3.50μs median=?μs std=0.05μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
Memory: 8225.0 MB peak (ref: 8237.0 MB, ratio: 0.9985x)
Kernel launches: 1 (ref: 3, fusion ratio: 3.0)
Energy: 2096.9 mJ/run (ref: 2453.76 mJ, ratio: 1.1702x)
SOL score: 0.8392
final submitted kernel (109 lines, 3,737 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim);
'''
cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cfloat>
__global__ void min_dim1_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,
int B, int D1, int D2) {
int b = blockIdx.y;
int col = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (col >= D2) return;
const float* p = x + ((long long)b * D1 * D2 + col);
float mn = FLT_MAX;
#pragma unroll 4
for (int k = 0; k < D1; ++k) {
float v = *p;
mn = fminf(mn, v);
p += D2;
}
out[(long long)b * D2 + col] = mn;
}
__global__ void min_dim2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,
int total_rows, int D2) {
extern __shared__ float smem[];
int row = blockIdx.x;
int tid = threadIdx.x;
const float* base = x + (long long)row * D2;
float mn = FLT_MAX;
for (int i = tid; i < D2; i += blockDim.x) {
mn = fminf(mn, base[i]);
}
smem[tid] = mn;
__syncthreads();
for (int s = blockDim.x >> 1; s > 0; s >>= 1) {
if (tid < s) smem[tid] = fminf(smem[tid], smem[tid+s]);
__syncthreads();
}
if (tid == 0) out[row] = smem[0];
}
__global__ void min_dim0_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ out,
int B, int D1, int D2) {
long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;
if (idx >= total) return;
int k = idx / D2;
int col = idx - (long long)k * D2;
float mn = FLT_MAX;
const float* p = x + (long long)k * D2 + col;
long long stride = (long long)D1 * D2;
for (int b = 0; b < B; ++b) {
mn = fminf(mn, *p);
p += stride;
}
out[idx] = mn;
}
torch::Tensor min_reduce_cuda(torch::Tensor x, int64_t dim) {
TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), "x must be CUDA");
TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == torch::kFloat32, "x must be float32");
TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 3, "x must be 3D");
if (dim < 0) dim += 3;
TORCH_CHECK(dim >= 0 && dim < 3, "bad dim");
auto xc = x.contiguous();
int B = (int)xc.size(0);
int D1 = (int)xc.size(1);
int D2 = (int)xc.size(2);
torch::Tensor out;
cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
const float* xp = xc.data_ptr<float>();
if (dim == 1) {
out = torch::empty({B, D2}, xc.options());
int threads = 512;
dim3 grid((D2 + threads - 1) / threads, B);
min_dim1_kernel<<<grid, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);
} else if (dim == 2) {
out = torch::empty({B, D1}, xc.options());
int threads = 256;
min_dim2_kernel<<<B * D1, threads, threads * sizeof(float), stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B * D1, D2);
} else {
out = torch::empty({D1, D2}, xc.options());
int threads = 256;
long long total = (long long)D1 * D2;
min_dim0_kernel<<<(total + threads - 1) / threads, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, out.data_ptr<float>(), B, D1, D2);
}
return out;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(name='min_reduce_ext_final', cpp_sources=cpp_src, cuda_sources=cuda_src,
functions=['min_reduce_cuda'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, dim: int):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.dim = dim
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
return _ext.min_reduce_cuda(x, self.dim)