gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
correct 45_Average_Pooling_2D.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
14 / 15
tool calls
14
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
5.65 μs
ref runtime
6.54 μs
speedup
1.16x
started
2026-05-04T03:13:05Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
5.65 μs
ref runtime
6.54 μs
speedup
1.16x
kernel mean / median / std
5.65 / — / 0.00 μs
ref mean / median / std
6.54 / — / 0.01 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
5.36e-07
mean abs error
6.48e-08
max rel error
9.89e-07
mean rel error
1.30e-07
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
16520.00 MB
ref peak
16520.00 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
1
ref launches
1
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.00x
total cuda time
27 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
725.46
ref mJ / run
725.78
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.00x
avg power
122.33 W
ref avg power
111.22 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.917
dram util %
91.7%
compute util %
29.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
3070.99 GB/s
dram util %
91.7%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
88.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
29.2%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
18.3%
ld sectors / req
3.49
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
32
smem / block
1024 B
block size
256
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
1234.5%
short_scoreboard
144.1%
mio_throttle
31.1%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Simple model that performs 2D Average Pooling.
    """
    def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):
        """
        Initializes the Average Pooling layer.

        Args:
            kernel_size (int): Size of the pooling window.
            stride (int, optional): Stride of the pooling operation. Defaults to None (same as kernel_size).
            padding (int, optional): Padding applied to the input tensor. Defaults to 0.
        """
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.avg_pool = nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Applies 2D Average Pooling to the input tensor.

        Args:
            x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of shape (batch_size, channels, height, width).

        Returns:
            torch.Tensor: Output tensor with Average Pooling applied.
        """
        return self.avg_pool(x)

batch_size = 16
channels = 64
height = 2048
width = 2048
kernel_size = 11

def get_inputs():
    x = torch.rand(batch_size, channels, height, width)
    return [x]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [kernel_size]
turn 019.4s turn · 19.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Optimizing avgpool2d** I need to optimize the avgpool2d function with a fixed kernel size of 11 and no stride, which means I’ll set stride to 11 and padding to 0. The input size is 16x64x2048x2048 in FP32 on CUDA, leading to a calculated output height of 186. I also want to ensure that the memory access is efficient since the input is large, maybe by using concurrent memory loads. Tiling could be a great approach for handling the output efficiently! **Optimizing memory loading** I can use vectorized loading for contiguous segments across the output tile. Each output tile has disjoint segments of 11 floats per row, and adjacent outputs will be packed tightly with no gaps. For outputs starting at positions like 0, 11, 22, I can handle 2046 columns for 186 outputs. Instead of assigning one output per thread, I could assign multiple threads to efficiently manage chunks by mapping the block to one row and reducing groups of 11. It looks like I can utilize cooperative blocks for better performance!
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 67.5s turn · 67.5s LLM · 9,251 chars (click to expand)
turn 167.5s turn · 67.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering memory and output calculations** I’m breaking down the calculations here: with a total of 35 million outputs and each warp loading 121, it seems like we could fit maybe 8 outputs per block. That amounts to numerous warps and high parallelism! I’m thinking memory coalescing might improve the situation, but having 32 threads per output adds extra overhead. I guess I'm estimating around 1.1 billion threads? That's quite a lot to manage! **Testing summation order** I’m wondering about the summation order in PyTorch. It might be good to check if the results stay consistent with some tolerance level. So, I’ll run a few tests to see how it behaves. I guess I’m just trying to ensure that I understand how this works without running into unexpected issues. Let’s go ahead and initiate those tests to gather some data and then evaluate it!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#ifndef CHECK_CUDA\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#endif\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 16);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 8);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 4);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 2);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 1);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int out_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (out_idx >= total_out) return;\n\n int ow = out_idx % OW;\n int t = out_idx / OW;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow * 11;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int idx = 0; idx < 121; idx += 32) {\n int e = idx + lane;\n if (e < 121) {\n int r = e / 11;\n int c = e - r * 11;\n sum += base[r * W + c];\n }\n }\n sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (lane == 0) y[out_idx] = sum * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size;\n int S = (int)stride;\n int P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n int total = N * C * OH * OW;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0 && H >= 11 && W >= 11) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int blocks = (total + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='avgpool2d_ext_v1',\n cpp_sources='',\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['avgpool2d_forward'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.kernel_size = int(kernel_size)\n self.stride = int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride)\n self.padding = int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'avgpool2d_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=avgpool2d_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_45_cache/k_ae8b559466db/avgpool2d_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o FAILED: [code=1] main.o /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=avgpool2d_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_45_cache/k_ae8b559466db/avgpool2d_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_45_cache/k_ae8b559466db/avgpool2d_ext_v1/main.cpp: In function 'void pybind11_init_avgpool2d_ext_v1(pybind11::module_&)': /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_45_cache/k_ae8b559466db/avgpool2d_ext_v1/main.cpp:4:56: error: 'avgpool2d_forward' was not declared in this scope 4 | m.def("avgpool2d_forward", torch::wrap_pybind_function(avgpool2d_forward), "avgpool2d_forward"); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=avgpool2d_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_45_cache/k_ae8b559466db/avgpool2d_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.7s turn · 13.7s LLM · 6,077 chars (click to expand)
turn 213.7s turn · 13.7s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Clarifying cpp_sources usage** I need to declutter this thought about using `cpp_sources` in relation to a CUDA source. It seems I might need that declaration because `load_inline auto main` isn't recognizing the CUDA source declarations. I should include the prototype by writing `#include <torch/extension.h>` along with `torch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(...)`. It’s important to note that I’m not considering a pybind module in this context.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 16);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 8);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 4);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 2);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 1);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int out_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (out_idx >= total_out) return;\n\n int ow = out_idx % OW;\n int t = out_idx / OW;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow * 11;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int idx = 0; idx < 121; idx += 32) {\n int e = idx + lane;\n if (e < 121) {\n int r = e / 11;\n int c = e - r * 11;\n sum += base[r * W + c];\n }\n }\n sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (lane == 0) y[out_idx] = sum * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size;\n int S = (int)stride;\n int P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n int total = N * C * OH * OW;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0 && H >= 11 && W >= 11) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int blocks = (total + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='avgpool2d_ext_v2',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['avgpool2d_forward'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.kernel_size = int(kernel_size)\n self.stride = int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride)\n self.padding = int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 39.8s turn · 9.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 16);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 8);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 4);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 2);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 1);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int out_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (out_idx >= total_out) return;\n\n int ow = out_idx % OW;\n int t = out_idx / OW;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow * 11;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int idx = 0; idx < 121; idx += 32) {\n int e = idx + lane;\n if (e < 121) {\n int r = e / 11;\n int c = e - r * 11;\n sum += base[r * W + c];\n }\n }\n sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (lane == 0) y[out_idx] = sum * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size;\n int S = (int)stride;\n int P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n int total = N * C * OH * OW;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0 && H >= 11 && W >= 11) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int blocks = (total + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='avgpool2d_ext_v2c',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['avgpool2d_forward'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.kernel_size = int(kernel_size)\n self.stride = int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride)\n self.padding = int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=4.77e-07 mean_abs_err=6.42e-08 max_rel_err=9.57e-07
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 10.0s turn · 10.0s LLM · 6,782 chars (click to expand)
turn 410.0s turn · 10.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_reduce_sum(float v) {\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 16);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 8);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 4);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 2);\n v += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, v, 1);\n return v;\n}\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int out_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (out_idx >= total_out) return;\n\n int ow = out_idx % OW;\n int t = out_idx / OW;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow * 11;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int idx = 0; idx < 121; idx += 32) {\n int e = idx + lane;\n if (e < 121) {\n int r = e / 11;\n int c = e - r * 11;\n sum += base[r * W + c];\n }\n }\n sum = warp_reduce_sum(sum);\n if (lane == 0) y[out_idx] = sum * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size;\n int S = (int)stride;\n int P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n int total = N * C * OH * OW;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0 && H >= 11 && W >= 11) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int blocks = (total + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11s11p0_warp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='avgpool2d_ext_v2p',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['avgpool2d_forward'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.kernel_size = int(kernel_size)\n self.stride = int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride)\n self.padding = int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 1295.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 6203.90 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 2789.7/3350 GB/s (83.3%) read=2766.5 write=23.2 GB/s Hit rates: L2=23.3% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=31.7% Pipe util: FMA=31.7%, Tensor=2.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 86.3% Eligible warps/cycle: 2.26 Launch: regs/thread=17, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=4428288 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 6.84 sectors/req (6.8x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 1029.8% #################### short_scoreboard 147.5% #################### mio_throttle 3.6% --- Optimization Hints --- -> 1030% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=6.8 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=6.8x (ideal=1.0) -> 7x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 5 · 1 tool call(s) · 40.5s turn · 40.5s LLM · 6,788 chars (click to expand)
turn 540.5s turn · 40.5s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating optimization strategies** I'm exploring three outputs with 33 columns. There are lane31 loads for col31 and an extra col32 by lane, but group3 has only 10 lanes plus one extra, which feels awkward. Two lanes seem okay. I’m considering implementing a specialized pair kernel that offers more per-thread sequential loads—11 instead of the current 4—which might improve coalescing. I need to check the efficiency base on fewer blocks and less integer division. I'll try profiling for correctness.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_pairs, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int pair_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (pair_idx >= total_pairs) return;\n int pairs_per_row = (OW + 1) >> 1;\n int pair_ow = pair_idx % pairs_per_row;\n int t = pair_idx / pairs_per_row;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n int ow0 = pair_ow << 1;\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;\n float s = 0.0f;\n if (lane < 22 && (ow0 + (lane >= 11)) < OW) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {\n s += base[r * W + lane];\n }\n }\n unsigned mask0 = 0x000007ffu;\n if (lane < 11) {\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;\n if (lane == 0) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (lane >= 11 && lane < 22 && ow0 + 1 < OW) {\n unsigned mask1 = 0x003ff800u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;\n if (lane == 11) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0 + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size, S = (int)stride, P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int total = N*C*OH*OW;\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int total_pairs = N * C * OH * ((OW + 1) >> 1);\n int blocks = (total_pairs + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total_pairs, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_pair_v1', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.36e-07 mean_abs_err=6.48e-08 max_rel_err=9.89e-07
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.2s turn · 11.2s LLM · 7,723 chars (click to expand)
turn 611.2s turn · 11.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_pairs, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int pair_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (pair_idx >= total_pairs) return;\n int pairs_per_row = (OW + 1) >> 1;\n int pair_ow = pair_idx % pairs_per_row;\n int t = pair_idx / pairs_per_row;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n int ow0 = pair_ow << 1;\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;\n float s = 0.0f;\n if (lane < 22 && (ow0 + (lane >= 11)) < OW) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {\n s += base[r * W + lane];\n }\n }\n unsigned mask0 = 0x000007ffu;\n if (lane < 11) {\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;\n if (lane == 0) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (lane >= 11 && lane < 22 && ow0 + 1 < OW) {\n unsigned mask1 = 0x003ff800u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;\n if (lane == 11) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0 + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size, S = (int)stride, P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int total = N*C*OH*OW;\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int total_pairs = N * C * OH * ((OW + 1) >> 1);\n int blocks = (total_pairs + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total_pairs, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_pair_v1p', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 35498.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 5637.02 μs [↓566.9μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 3070.2/3350 GB/s (91.6%) [↑8.4% ok] read=3044.7 write=25.5 GB/s Hit rates: L2=18.2% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=29.2% [↓2.5% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=29.2%, Tensor=0.0% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 88.1% [↑1.8% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 1.92 Launch: regs/thread=32, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=2214144 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 3.49 sectors/req (3.5x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 1236.5% #################### short_scoreboard 143.4% #################### mio_throttle 30.5% ###### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 1236% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=3.5 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=3.5x (ideal=1.0) -> 3x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 6203.90→5637.02μs (↓566.88) ok DRAM BW%: 83.28→91.65% (↑8.37) ok Compute%: 31.72→29.19% (↓2.53) REGRESSED Occupancy: 86.30→88.14% (↑1.84) ok Eligible warps/cyc: 2.26→1.92 (↓0.34) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 6.84→3.49 (↓3.34) ok L2 hit%: 23.32→18.25% (↓5.07) REGRESSED
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 22.6s turn · 22.6s LLM · 7,082 chars (click to expand)
turn 722.6s turn · 22.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Analyzing reduction process** I'm considering the reduction method for a group size of 10, where I need to apply offsets of 8, 4, 2, and 1. The condition is that the lane plus the offset needs to be less than 32 for lanes 22 through 31. It’s important to keep track of these parameters to ensure I’m applying the reduction correctly. I need to make sure I follow the condition strictly to avoid errors!
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_triplewarp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_groups, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int group_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (group_idx >= total_groups) return;\n int groups_per_row = (OW + 2) / 3;\n int group_ow = group_idx % groups_per_row;\n int t = group_idx / groups_per_row;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n int ow0 = group_ow * 3;\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;\n float s = 0.0f;\n if (ow0 + 2 < OW) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {\n const float* row = base + r * W;\n s += row[lane];\n if (lane == 31) s += row[32];\n }\n } else {\n // generic tail for non-multiple of 3 output widths\n int maxcols = (OW - ow0) * 11;\n if (lane < maxcols) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) s += base[r * W + lane];\n }\n if (lane == 31 && maxcols > 32) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) s += base[r * W + 32];\n }\n }\n long long outbase = ((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0;\n if (lane < 11) {\n unsigned mask = 0x000007ffu;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;\n if (lane == 0) y[outbase] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (lane < 22 && ow0 + 1 < OW) {\n unsigned mask = 0x003ff800u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;\n if (lane == 11) y[outbase + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (ow0 + 2 < OW) {\n unsigned mask = 0xffc00000u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 32) s += v;\n if (lane == 22) y[outbase + 2] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW; int tmp = idx / OW; int oh = tmp % OH; tmp /= OH; int c = tmp % C; int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P; int iw0 = ow * S - P; float sum=0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<K; ++kh){ int ih=ih0+kh; if((unsigned)ih<(unsigned)H){ const float* row=x+(((long long)n*C+c)*H+ih)*W; for(int kw=0; kw<K; ++kw){ int iw=iw0+kw; if((unsigned)iw<(unsigned)W) sum += row[iw]; }}}\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K*K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x); TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type()==at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\"); TORCH_CHECK(x.dim()==4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc=x.contiguous(); int N=xc.size(0), C=xc.size(1), H=xc.size(2), W=xc.size(3); int K=kernel_size, S=stride, P=padding;\n int OH=(H+2*P-K)/S+1, OW=(W+2*P-K)/S+1; auto y=torch::empty({N,C,OH,OW}, xc.options()); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); int total=N*C*OH*OW;\n if(K==11 && S==11 && P==0){ constexpr int WARPS=8; int groups=N*C*OH*((OW+2)/3); int blocks=(groups+WARPS-1)/WARPS; avgpool_k11_triplewarp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks,WARPS*32,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), groups, OH, OW, H, W); }\n else { int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads; avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C,H,W,OH,OW,K,S,P); }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_tri_v1', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size:int, stride:int=None, padding:int=0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x,self.kernel_size,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=4.77e-07 mean_abs_err=6.49e-08 max_rel_err=9.51e-07
turn 8 · 1 tool call(s) · 11.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 8,100 chars (click to expand)
turn 811.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_triplewarp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_groups, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int group_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (group_idx >= total_groups) return;\n int groups_per_row = (OW + 2) / 3;\n int group_ow = group_idx % groups_per_row;\n int t = group_idx / groups_per_row;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n int ow0 = group_ow * 3;\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;\n float s = 0.0f;\n if (ow0 + 2 < OW) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {\n const float* row = base + r * W;\n s += row[lane];\n if (lane == 31) s += row[32];\n }\n } else {\n int maxcols = (OW - ow0) * 11;\n if (lane < maxcols) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) s += base[r * W + lane];\n }\n if (lane == 31 && maxcols > 32) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) s += base[r * W + 32];\n }\n }\n long long outbase = ((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0;\n if (lane < 11) {\n unsigned mask = 0x000007ffu;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;\n if (lane == 0) y[outbase] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (lane < 22 && ow0 + 1 < OW) {\n unsigned mask = 0x003ff800u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;\n if (lane == 11) y[outbase + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (ow0 + 2 < OW) {\n unsigned mask = 0xffc00000u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 32) s += v;\n if (lane == 22) y[outbase + 2] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW; int tmp = idx / OW; int oh = tmp % OH; tmp /= OH; int c = tmp % C; int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P; int iw0 = ow * S - P; float sum=0.0f;\n for(int kh=0; kh<K; ++kh){ int ih=ih0+kh; if((unsigned)ih<(unsigned)H){ const float* row=x+(((long long)n*C+c)*H+ih)*W; for(int kw=0; kw<K; ++kw){ int iw=iw0+kw; if((unsigned)iw<(unsigned)W) sum += row[iw]; }}}\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K*K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x); TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type()==at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\"); TORCH_CHECK(x.dim()==4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc=x.contiguous(); int N=xc.size(0), C=xc.size(1), H=xc.size(2), W=xc.size(3); int K=kernel_size, S=stride, P=padding;\n int OH=(H+2*P-K)/S+1, OW=(W+2*P-K)/S+1; auto y=torch::empty({N,C,OH,OW}, xc.options()); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); int total=N*C*OH*OW;\n if(K==11 && S==11 && P==0){ constexpr int WARPS=8; int groups=N*C*OH*((OW+2)/3); int blocks=(groups+WARPS-1)/WARPS; avgpool_k11_triplewarp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks,WARPS*32,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), groups, OH, OW, H, W); }\n else { int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads; avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C,H,W,OH,OW,K,S,P); }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_tri_v1p', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size:int, stride:int=None, padding:int=0):\n super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x,self.kernel_size,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 1372.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 5746.53 μs [↑109.5μs REGRESSED] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 3011.7/3350 GB/s (89.9%) [↓1.7% REGRESSED] read=2986.7 write=25.1 GB/s Hit rates: L2=15.4% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=24.8% [↓4.4% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=24.8%, Tensor=0.4% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 54.5% [↓33.6% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 1.50 Launch: regs/thread=47, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=1476096 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 2.94 sectors/req (2.9x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 662.1% #################### short_scoreboard 128.1% #################### mio_throttle 13.7% ## --- Optimization Hints --- -> 662% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=2.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=2.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 3x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 5637.02→5746.53μs (↑109.50) REGRESSED DRAM BW%: 91.65→89.90% (↓1.75) REGRESSED Compute%: 29.19→24.79% (↓4.40) REGRESSED Occupancy: 88.14→54.55% (↓33.60) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 1.92→1.50 (↓0.42) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 3.49→2.94 (↓0.56) ok L2 hit%: 18.25→15.38% (↓2.87) REGRESSED
turn 9 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.6s turn · 13.6s LLM · 7,247 chars (click to expand)
turn 913.6s turn · 13.6s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_triplewarp_fast(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_groups, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int group_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (group_idx >= total_groups) return;\n int groups_per_row = OW / 3;\n int group_ow = group_idx % groups_per_row;\n int t = group_idx / groups_per_row;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n int ow0 = group_ow * 3;\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;\n float s = 0.0f;\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {\n const float* row = base + r * W;\n s += row[lane];\n if (lane == 31) s += row[32];\n }\n long long outbase = ((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0;\n if (lane < 11) {\n unsigned mask = 0x000007ffu;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;\n if (lane == 0) y[outbase] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (lane < 22) {\n unsigned mask = 0x003ff800u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;\n if (lane == 11) y[outbase + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else {\n unsigned mask = 0xffc00000u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 32) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 32) s += v;\n if (lane == 22) y[outbase + 2] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n }\n}\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW, int K, int S, int P) { int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total_out)return; int ow=idx%OW; int tmp=idx/OW; int oh=tmp%OH; tmp/=OH; int c=tmp%C; int n=tmp/C; int ih0=oh*S-P; int iw0=ow*S-P; float sum=0; for(int kh=0;kh<K;++kh){int ih=ih0+kh; if((unsigned)ih<(unsigned)H){ const float* row=x+(((long long)n*C+c)*H+ih)*W; for(int kw=0;kw<K;++kw){int iw=iw0+kw; if((unsigned)iw<(unsigned)W) sum+=row[iw];}}} y[idx]=sum/(float)(K*K); }\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding){ CHECK_CUDA(x); TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type()==at::kFloat,\"only float32 supported\"); auto xc=x.contiguous(); int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),H=xc.size(2),W=xc.size(3); int K=kernel_size,S=stride,P=padding; int OH=(H+2*P-K)/S+1,OW=(W+2*P-K)/S+1; auto y=torch::empty({N,C,OH,OW},xc.options()); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); int total=N*C*OH*OW; if(K==11&&S==11&&P==0&&OW%3==0){constexpr int WARPS=8; int groups=N*C*OH*(OW/3); int blocks=(groups+WARPS-1)/WARPS; avgpool_k11_triplewarp_fast<WARPS><<<blocks,WARPS*32,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),y.data_ptr<float>(),groups,OH,OW,H,W);} else {int threads=256,blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads; avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),y.data_ptr<float>(),total,C,H,W,OH,OW,K,S,P);} return y; }\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_tri_fast', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,kernel_size:int,stride:int=None,padding:int=0): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self,x): return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x,self.kernel_size,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 14639.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 5729.50 μs [↓17.0μs ok] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 3020.7/3350 GB/s (90.2%) [↑0.3% ok] read=2995.6 write=25.1 GB/s Hit rates: L2=15.7% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=24.1% [↓0.7% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=24.1%, Tensor=1.2% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 54.4% [↓0.2% REGRESSED] Eligible warps/cycle: 1.43 Launch: regs/thread=44, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=1476096 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 2.94 sectors/req (2.9x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 706.0% #################### short_scoreboard 146.0% #################### mio_throttle 13.4% ## --- Optimization Hints --- -> 706% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=2.9 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=2.9x (ideal=1.0) -> 3x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 5746.53→5729.50μs (↓17.02) ok DRAM BW%: 89.90→90.17% (↑0.27) ok Compute%: 24.79→24.08% (↓0.71) REGRESSED Occupancy: 54.55→54.38% (↓0.17) REGRESSED Eligible warps/cyc: 1.50→1.43 (↓0.07) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 15.38→15.71% (↑0.33) ok
turn 1018.9s turn · 18.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering output structure** I’m thinking about how to handle reductions across all lanes while managing the additions of zeros. It seems like all outputs are being processed through lane0. I wonder if there's a need to maintain a specific sum order. This step feels crucial because it might impact the overall output structure. I feel like I'm leaning towards refining the concept a bit more for clarity. Let's see if I can smooth out these processes.
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x,int64_t kernel_size,int64_t stride,int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_sum_all(float v){ v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,16); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,8); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,4); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,2); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,1); return v; }\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32,4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_quadwarp(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,int total_groups,int OH,int OW,int H,int W){\n int warp=threadIdx.x>>5, lane=threadIdx.x&31; int gid=(int)blockIdx.x*WARPS_PER_BLOCK+warp; if(gid>=total_groups)return;\n int groups_per_row=(OW+3)>>2; int gow=gid%groups_per_row; int t=gid/groups_per_row; int oh=t%OH; int nc=t/OH; int ow0=gow<<2; int maxcols=(OW-ow0)*11; if(maxcols>44) maxcols=44;\n const float* base=x+((long long)nc*H+oh*11)*W+ow0*11;\n float s0=0.f,s1=0.f,s2=0.f,s3=0.f;\n#pragma unroll\n for(int r=0;r<11;++r){ const float* row=base+r*W; int col=lane; if(col<maxcols){ float v=row[col]; if(col<11) s0+=v; else if(col<22) s1+=v; else if(col<33) s2+=v; else s3+=v; } col=lane+32; if(col<maxcols){ float v=row[col]; if(col<33) s2+=v; else s3+=v; } }\n s0=warp_sum_all(s0); s1=warp_sum_all(s1); s2=warp_sum_all(s2); s3=warp_sum_all(s3);\n if(lane==0){ long long ob=((long long)nc*OH+oh)*OW+ow0; const float inv=0.0082644628099173553719f; y[ob]=s0*inv; if(ow0+1<OW)y[ob+1]=s1*inv; if(ow0+2<OW)y[ob+2]=s2*inv; if(ow0+3<OW)y[ob+3]=s3*inv; }\n}\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,int total,int C,int H,int W,int OH,int OW,int K,int S,int P){int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total)return; int ow=idx%OW,tmp=idx/OW,oh=tmp%OH; tmp/=OH; int c=tmp%C,n=tmp/C; int ih0=oh*S-P,iw0=ow*S-P; float sum=0; for(int kh=0;kh<K;++kh){int ih=ih0+kh; if((unsigned)ih<(unsigned)H){const float* row=x+(((long long)n*C+c)*H+ih)*W; for(int kw=0;kw<K;++kw){int iw=iw0+kw; if((unsigned)iw<(unsigned)W)sum+=row[iw];}}} y[idx]=sum/(float)(K*K);}\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x,int64_t kernel_size,int64_t stride,int64_t padding){CHECK_CUDA(x); TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type()==at::kFloat,\"float\"); auto xc=x.contiguous(); int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),H=xc.size(2),W=xc.size(3); int K=kernel_size,S=stride,P=padding; int OH=(H+2*P-K)/S+1,OW=(W+2*P-K)/S+1; auto y=torch::empty({N,C,OH,OW},xc.options()); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); int total=N*C*OH*OW; if(K==11&&S==11&&P==0){constexpr int WARPS=8; int groups=N*C*OH*((OW+3)>>2); int blocks=(groups+WARPS-1)/WARPS; avgpool_k11_quadwarp<WARPS><<<blocks,WARPS*32,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),y.data_ptr<float>(),groups,OH,OW,H,W);} else {int threads=256,blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads; avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),y.data_ptr<float>(),total,C,H,W,OH,OW,K,S,P);} return y;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_quad_v1',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['avgpool2d_forward'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'],extra_cflags=['-O3'],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,kernel_size:int,stride:int=None,padding:int=0): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self,x): return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x,self.kernel_size,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.36e-07 mean_abs_err=6.48e-08 max_rel_err=9.89e-07
turn 11 · 1 tool call(s) · 10.0s turn · 10.0s LLM · 6,445 chars (click to expand)
turn 1110.0s turn · 10.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x,int64_t kernel_size,int64_t stride,int64_t padding);\n'''\n_cuda_src=r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n__inline__ __device__ float warp_sum_all(float v){ v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,16); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,8); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,4); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,2); v+=__shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff,v,1); return v; }\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32,4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_quadwarp(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,int total_groups,int OH,int OW,int H,int W){\n int warp=threadIdx.x>>5, lane=threadIdx.x&31; int gid=(int)blockIdx.x*WARPS_PER_BLOCK+warp; if(gid>=total_groups)return;\n int groups_per_row=(OW+3)>>2; int gow=gid%groups_per_row; int t=gid/groups_per_row; int oh=t%OH; int nc=t/OH; int ow0=gow<<2; int maxcols=(OW-ow0)*11; if(maxcols>44) maxcols=44;\n const float* base=x+((long long)nc*H+oh*11)*W+ow0*11;\n float s0=0.f,s1=0.f,s2=0.f,s3=0.f;\n#pragma unroll\n for(int r=0;r<11;++r){ const float* row=base+r*W; int col=lane; if(col<maxcols){ float v=row[col]; if(col<11) s0+=v; else if(col<22) s1+=v; else if(col<33) s2+=v; else s3+=v; } col=lane+32; if(col<maxcols){ float v=row[col]; if(col<33) s2+=v; else s3+=v; } }\n s0=warp_sum_all(s0); s1=warp_sum_all(s1); s2=warp_sum_all(s2); s3=warp_sum_all(s3);\n if(lane==0){ long long ob=((long long)nc*OH+oh)*OW+ow0; const float inv=0.0082644628099173553719f; y[ob]=s0*inv; if(ow0+1<OW)y[ob+1]=s1*inv; if(ow0+2<OW)y[ob+2]=s2*inv; if(ow0+3<OW)y[ob+3]=s3*inv; }\n}\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,int total,int C,int H,int W,int OH,int OW,int K,int S,int P){int idx=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x; if(idx>=total)return; int ow=idx%OW,tmp=idx/OW,oh=tmp%OH; tmp/=OH; int c=tmp%C,n=tmp/C; int ih0=oh*S-P,iw0=ow*S-P; float sum=0; for(int kh=0;kh<K;++kh){int ih=ih0+kh; if((unsigned)ih<(unsigned)H){const float* row=x+(((long long)n*C+c)*H+ih)*W; for(int kw=0;kw<K;++kw){int iw=iw0+kw; if((unsigned)iw<(unsigned)W)sum+=row[iw];}}} y[idx]=sum/(float)(K*K);}\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x,int64_t kernel_size,int64_t stride,int64_t padding){CHECK_CUDA(x); TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type()==at::kFloat,\"float\"); auto xc=x.contiguous(); int N=xc.size(0),C=xc.size(1),H=xc.size(2),W=xc.size(3); int K=kernel_size,S=stride,P=padding; int OH=(H+2*P-K)/S+1,OW=(W+2*P-K)/S+1; auto y=torch::empty({N,C,OH,OW},xc.options()); cudaStream_t stream=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); int total=N*C*OH*OW; if(K==11&&S==11&&P==0){constexpr int WARPS=8; int groups=N*C*OH*((OW+3)>>2); int blocks=(groups+WARPS-1)/WARPS; avgpool_k11_quadwarp<WARPS><<<blocks,WARPS*32,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),y.data_ptr<float>(),groups,OH,OW,H,W);} else {int threads=256,blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads; avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks,threads,0,stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(),y.data_ptr<float>(),total,C,H,W,OH,OW,K,S,P);} return y;}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_quad_v1p',cpp_sources=_cpp_src,cuda_sources=_cuda_src,functions=['avgpool2d_forward'],extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'],extra_cflags=['-O3'],verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self,kernel_size:int,stride:int=None,padding:int=0): super(ModelNew,self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self,x): return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x,self.kernel_size,self.stride,self.padding)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty 1315.0μs (100%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 8222.08 μs [↑2492.6μs REGRESSED] --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 2105.0/3350 GB/s (62.8%) [↓27.3% REGRESSED] read=2087.5 write=17.5 GB/s Hit rates: L2=15.1% --- Compute Throughput --- Dominant pipe: FP32 util=14.4% [↓9.7% REGRESSED] Pipe util: FMA=14.4%, Tensor=0.0% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: MEMORY-BOUND --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 93.3% [↑38.9% ok] Eligible warps/cycle: 0.72 WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism Launch: regs/thread=26, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=1118976 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 3.25 sectors/req (3.2x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 2904.9% #################### short_scoreboard 42.4% ######## mio_throttle 3.1% --- Optimization Hints --- -> 2905% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=3.2 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=3.2x (ideal=1.0) -> 3x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous. --- Delta vs Previous Iteration --- GPU time: 5729.50→8222.08μs (↑2492.58) REGRESSED DRAM BW%: 90.17→62.84% (↓27.33) REGRESSED Compute%: 24.08→14.38% (↓9.70) REGRESSED Occupancy: 54.38→93.27% (↑38.89) ok Eligible warps/cyc: 1.43→0.72 (↓0.72) REGRESSED Ld sectors/req: 2.94→3.25 (↑0.31) REGRESSED L2 hit%: 15.71→15.09% (↓0.62) REGRESSED
turn 12 · 1 tool call(s) · 15.0s turn · 15.0s LLM · 6,580 chars (click to expand)
turn 1215.0s turn · 15.0s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating the coding pairs** I need to submit the best pair so far, comparing v1 5637 with tri 5729 and initial 6203. I should consider whether to go with a pair or perform a static check first. I might want to optimize the pair by reducing registers. I have three turns remaining before the submission, so I could do a static check then submit. But should I confirm no fallbacks first? I’ll think it through!
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_pairs, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int pair_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (pair_idx >= total_pairs) return;\n int pairs_per_row = (OW + 1) >> 1;\n int pair_ow = pair_idx % pairs_per_row;\n int t = pair_idx / pairs_per_row;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n int ow0 = pair_ow << 1;\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;\n float s = 0.0f;\n if (lane < 22 && (ow0 + (lane >= 11)) < OW) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {\n s += base[r * W + lane];\n }\n }\n unsigned mask0 = 0x000007ffu;\n if (lane < 11) {\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;\n if (lane == 0) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (lane >= 11 && lane < 22 && ow0 + 1 < OW) {\n unsigned mask1 = 0x003ff800u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;\n if (lane == 11) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0 + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size, S = (int)stride, P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int total = N*C*OH*OW;\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int total_pairs = N * C * OH * ((OW + 1) >> 1);\n int blocks = (total_pairs + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total_pairs, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_final_pair', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 13 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 11.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 6,439 chars (click to expand)
turn 1311.4s turn · 11.4s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n\ntemplate<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)\nvoid avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_pairs, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {\n int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;\n int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;\n int pair_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;\n if (pair_idx >= total_pairs) return;\n int pairs_per_row = (OW + 1) >> 1;\n int pair_ow = pair_idx % pairs_per_row;\n int t = pair_idx / pairs_per_row;\n int oh = t % OH;\n int nc = t / OH;\n int ow0 = pair_ow << 1;\n const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;\n float s = 0.0f;\n if (lane < 22 && (ow0 + (lane >= 11)) < OW) {\n#pragma unroll\n for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {\n s += base[r * W + lane];\n }\n }\n unsigned mask0 = 0x000007ffu;\n if (lane < 11) {\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;\n if (lane == 0) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n } else if (lane >= 11 && lane < 22 && ow0 + 1 < OW) {\n unsigned mask1 = 0x003ff800u;\n float v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;\n v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;\n if (lane == 11) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0 + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,\n int K, int S, int P) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total_out) return;\n int ow = idx % OW;\n int tmp = idx / OW;\n int oh = tmp % OH;\n tmp /= OH;\n int c = tmp % C;\n int n = tmp / C;\n int ih0 = oh * S - P;\n int iw0 = ow * S - P;\n float sum = 0.0f;\n for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {\n int ih = ih0 + kh;\n if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {\n const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;\n for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {\n int iw = iw0 + kw;\n if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {\n CHECK_CUDA(x);\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"input must be NCHW\");\n auto xc = x.contiguous();\n int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);\n int K = (int)kernel_size, S = (int)stride, P = (int)padding;\n int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n int total = N*C*OH*OW;\n if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0) {\n constexpr int WARPS = 8;\n int total_pairs = N * C * OH * ((OW + 1) >> 1);\n int blocks = (total_pairs + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;\n avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total_pairs, OH, OW, H, W);\n } else {\n int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;\n avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext = load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_final_pair', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 5.65 μs Runtime stats: mean=5.65μs median=?μs std=0.00μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.36e-07 mean_abs_err=6.48e-08 max_rel_err=9.89e-07 Memory: 16520.0 MB peak (ref: 16520.0 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 1 (ref: 1, fusion ratio: 1.0) Energy: 725.46 mJ/run (ref: 725.78 mJ, ratio: 1.0004x) SOL score: 0.9167
final submitted kernel (115 lines, 5,048 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding);
'''

_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x " must be a CUDA tensor")

template<int WARPS_PER_BLOCK>
__global__ __launch_bounds__(WARPS_PER_BLOCK*32, 4)
void avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,
                                  int total_pairs, int OH, int OW, int H, int W) {
    int warp_in_block = threadIdx.x >> 5;
    int lane = threadIdx.x & 31;
    int pair_idx = (int)blockIdx.x * WARPS_PER_BLOCK + warp_in_block;
    if (pair_idx >= total_pairs) return;
    int pairs_per_row = (OW + 1) >> 1;
    int pair_ow = pair_idx % pairs_per_row;
    int t = pair_idx / pairs_per_row;
    int oh = t % OH;
    int nc = t / OH;
    int ow0 = pair_ow << 1;
    const float* base = x + ((long long)nc * H + oh * 11) * W + ow0 * 11;
    float s = 0.0f;
    if (lane < 22 && (ow0 + (lane >= 11)) < OW) {
#pragma unroll
        for (int r = 0; r < 11; ++r) {
            s += base[r * W + lane];
        }
    }
    unsigned mask0 = 0x000007ffu;
    if (lane < 11) {
        float v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 11) s += v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 11) s += v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 11) s += v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask0, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 11) s += v;
        if (lane == 0) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;
    } else if (lane >= 11 && lane < 22 && ow0 + 1 < OW) {
        unsigned mask1 = 0x003ff800u;
        float v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 8); if (lane + 8 < 22) s += v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 4); if (lane + 4 < 22) s += v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 2); if (lane + 2 < 22) s += v;
        v = __shfl_down_sync(mask1, s, 1); if (lane + 1 < 22) s += v;
        if (lane == 11) y[((long long)nc * OH + oh) * OW + ow0 + 1] = s * 0.0082644628099173553719f;
    }
}

__global__ void avgpool_generic_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,
                                       int total_out, int C, int H, int W, int OH, int OW,
                                       int K, int S, int P) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total_out) return;
    int ow = idx % OW;
    int tmp = idx / OW;
    int oh = tmp % OH;
    tmp /= OH;
    int c = tmp % C;
    int n = tmp / C;
    int ih0 = oh * S - P;
    int iw0 = ow * S - P;
    float sum = 0.0f;
    for (int kh = 0; kh < K; ++kh) {
        int ih = ih0 + kh;
        if ((unsigned)ih < (unsigned)H) {
            const float* row = x + (((long long)n * C + c) * H + ih) * W;
            for (int kw = 0; kw < K; ++kw) {
                int iw = iw0 + kw;
                if ((unsigned)iw < (unsigned)W) sum += row[iw];
            }
        }
    }
    y[idx] = sum / (float)(K * K);
}

torch::Tensor avgpool2d_forward(torch::Tensor x, int64_t kernel_size, int64_t stride, int64_t padding) {
    CHECK_CUDA(x);
    TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 supported");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, "input must be NCHW");
    auto xc = x.contiguous();
    int N = (int)xc.size(0), C = (int)xc.size(1), H = (int)xc.size(2), W = (int)xc.size(3);
    int K = (int)kernel_size, S = (int)stride, P = (int)padding;
    int OH = (H + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;
    int OW = (W + 2 * P - K) / S + 1;
    auto y = torch::empty({N, C, OH, OW}, xc.options());
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    int total = N*C*OH*OW;
    if (K == 11 && S == 11 && P == 0) {
        constexpr int WARPS = 8;
        int total_pairs = N * C * OH * ((OW + 1) >> 1);
        int blocks = (total_pairs + WARPS - 1) / WARPS;
        avgpool_k11_pairwarp_kernel<WARPS><<<blocks, WARPS*32, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total_pairs, OH, OW, H, W);
    } else {
        int threads=256, blocks=(total+threads-1)/threads;
        avgpool_generic_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xc.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, OH, OW, K, S, P);
    }
    return y;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(name='avgpool2d_ext_final_pair', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['avgpool2d_forward'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], verbose=False)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, kernel_size: int, stride: int = None, padding: int = 0):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__(); self.kernel_size=int(kernel_size); self.stride=int(kernel_size if stride is None else stride); self.padding=int(padding)
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return _ext.avgpool2d_forward(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding)