gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
correct 30_Softsign.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
10 / 15
tool calls
10
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
4.54 μs
ref runtime
14.90 μs
speedup
3.28x
started
2026-05-04T08:23:33Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
4.54 μs
ref runtime
14.90 μs
speedup
3.28x
kernel mean / median / std
4.54 / — / 0.16 μs
ref mean / median / std
14.90 / — / 0.10 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
5.96e-08
mean abs error
8.32e-09
max rel error
1.60e-07
mean rel error
2.50e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
12321.00 MB
ref peak
18465.00 MB
kernel / ref
0.67x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
2
ref launches
6
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
3.00x
total cuda time
59 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
484.74
ref mJ / run
1696.48
ratio (ref / kernel)
3.50x
avg power
107.16 W
ref avg power
112.59 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.865
dram util %
86.5%
compute util %
0.0%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe
None
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
2897.14 GB/s
dram util %
86.5%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
92.2%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe %
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
50.9%
ld sectors / req
16.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
32
smem / block
1024 B
block size
256
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
13020.6%
mio_throttle
898.2%
short_scoreboard
370.4%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Simple model that performs a Softsign activation.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
    
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Applies Softsign activation to the input tensor.

        Args:
            x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of any shape.

        Returns:
            torch.Tensor: Output tensor with Softsign applied, same shape as input.
        """
        return x / (1 + torch.abs(x))

batch_size = 4096
dim = 393216

def get_inputs():
    x = torch.rand(batch_size, dim)
    return [x]

def get_init_inputs():
    return []  # No special initialization inputs needed
turn 04.3s turn · 4.3s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering tensor kernel creation** I need to craft a kernel for a huge tensor, which is roughly 1.61 billion floats, amounting to around 6.4GB. That might be quite challenging! The input is randomly huge, and I need to implement softsign element-wise. The PyTorch reference likely involves multiple passes with operations like torch.abs, add, and div, but I want a custom single pass instead. I'll consider a vectorized float4 and ensure the tensor is contiguous in fp32 CUDA. I'll need to gather some specifications and compile everything.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 1 · 1 tool call(s) · 13.2s turn · 13.2s LLM · 6,466 chars (click to expand)
turn 113.2s turn · 13.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {\n return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x);\n o.y = softsign_val(v.y);\n o.z = softsign_val(v.z);\n o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = x[i];\n y[i] = softsign_val(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n auto stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n int blocks = (int)min((long long)65535, (n4 + threads - 1) / threads);\n softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n int blocks = (int)min((long long)65535, (n + threads - 1) / threads);\n softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_v1\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'softsign_ext_v1': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_f28435383d0c/softsign_ext_v1/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_f28435383d0c/softsign_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=2] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v1 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_f28435383d0c/softsign_ext_v1/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_f28435383d0c/softsign_ext_v1/cuda.cu(43): error: namespace "at::cuda" has no member "getCurrentCUDAStream" auto stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); ^ 1 error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_f28435383d0c/softsign_ext_v1/cuda.cu". ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 2 · 1 tool call(s) · 6.1s turn · 6.1s LLM · 6,360 chars (click to expand)
turn 26.1s turn · 6.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {\n return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x);\n o.y = softsign_val(v.y);\n o.z = softsign_val(v.z);\n o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = x[i];\n y[i] = softsign_val(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n int blocks = (int)min((long long)65535, (n4 + threads - 1) / threads);\n softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n int blocks = (int)min((long long)65535, (n + threads - 1) / threads);\n softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_v2\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'softsign_ext_v2': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_7a8bf5a3c3c5/softsign_ext_v2/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_7a8bf5a3c3c5/softsign_ext_v2/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=1] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_7a8bf5a3c3c5/softsign_ext_v2/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used In file included from tmpxft_003650d3_00000000-6_cuda.cudafe1.stub.c:1: /var/tmp/tmpxft_003650d3_00000000-6_cuda.cudafe1.stub.c:4:27: fatal error: error writing to /var/tmp/cch4vpyD.s: No space left on device 4 | #define __NV_CUBIN_HANDLE_STORAGE__ static | ^ compilation terminated. ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 39.2s turn · 9.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {\n return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x);\n o.y = softsign_val(v.y);\n o.z = softsign_val(v.z);\n o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = x[i];\n y[i] = softsign_val(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n long long need = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n long long need = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 46.8s turn · 6.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {\n return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x);\n o.y = softsign_val(v.y);\n o.z = softsign_val(v.z);\n o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = x[i];\n y[i] = softsign_val(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n long long need = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n long long need = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=8.32e-09 max_rel_err=1.60e-07
turn 57.2s turn · 7.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {\n return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x);\n o.y = softsign_val(v.y);\n o.z = softsign_val(v.z);\n o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = x[i];\n y[i] = softsign_val(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n long long need = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n long long need = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (ok)
okprofile_kernel profile_kernel PASSED: profiling complete. === Kernel Profile Summary === --- Kernel Breakdown (by GPU time) --- #1: aten::empty_like 36643.0μs (50%) calls=1 #2: aten::empty_strided 36607.0μs (50%) calls=1 --- Timing --- GPU time: 4440.35 μs --- Memory Bandwidth --- DRAM BW: 2897.6/3350 GB/s (86.5%) read=1450.9 write=1446.7 GB/s Hit rates: L2=50.9% --- Compute Throughput --- Pipe util: FMA=2.8%, Tensor=0.0% --- Roofline Analysis --- Ridge point (FP32): 20.00 FLOPs/byte Classification: UNKNOWN --- Occupancy --- Achieved: 92.3% Eligible warps/cycle: 0.12 WARNING: <1 eligible warp/cycle = latency-bound, needs more parallelism Launch: regs/thread=32, smem/blk=1024B, block=256, grid=65535 --- Memory Access Quality --- Global ld coalescing: 16.00 sectors/req (16.0x wasted BW) --- Warp Stall Reasons (% of issue cycles) --- long_scoreboard 13033.6% #################### mio_throttle 893.9% #################### short_scoreboard 371.7% #################### --- Optimization Hints --- -> 13034% stalls: global memory latency (waiting for DRAM/L2). + sectors/req=16.0 -> uncoalesced global loads, restructure access pattern or use __ldg Try shared-memory tiling, prefetching, or reducing working set. -> Global load coalescing=16.0x (ideal=1.0) -> 16x wasted DRAM BW. Make per-warp accesses contiguous.
turn 6 · 1 tool call(s) · 12.1s turn · 12.1s LLM · 6,717 chars (click to expand)
turn 612.1s turn · 12.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering computation nuances** I’m thinking about keeping fabs to be safe, without any cost. Would it be faster to compute in-place? But the output must be new and references return new values without mutation. I wonder if I could compute in-place in x and return x, but that might not be equivalent if the caller doesn't check it. Oh, wait, I should avoid hacking around that. Maybe using an approximate identity or a formula for positive values could work, but I need to inspect SASS.
call → disassemble_kernel
calldisassemble_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) { return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v)); }\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i]; float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x); o.y = softsign_val(v.y); o.z = softsign_val(v.z); o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) { float v = x[i]; y[i] = softsign_val(v); }\n}\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x); long long n=x.numel(); if(n==0) return y; const int threads=256; const float* xp=x.data_ptr<float>(); float* yp=y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n%4==0)&&(((uintptr_t)xp&15)==0)&&(((uintptr_t)yp&15)==0)) { long long n4=n/4; long long need=(n4+threads-1)/threads; int blocks=(int)(need<65535LL?need:65535LL); softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks,threads>>>(xp,yp,n4); }\n else { long long need=(n+threads-1)/threads; int blocks=(int)(need<65535LL?need:65535LL); softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks,threads>>>(xp,yp,n); }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_dis\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\",\"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self): super(ModelNew,self).__init__()\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← disassemble_kernel (fail)
faildisassemble_kernel disassemble_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError: Error building extension 'softsign_ext_dis': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_dis -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_a48a09286816/softsign_ext_dis/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_dis -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_a48a09286816/softsign_ext_dis/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=1] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_dis -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_a48a09286816/softsign_ext_dis/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /opt/conda/lib/gcc/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu/14.2.0/include/c++/bits/stl_pair.h(284): catastrophic error: error while writing generated C file: No space left on device 1 catastrophic error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_a48a09286816/softsign_ext_dis/cuda.cu". Compilation terminated. ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 7 · 1 tool call(s) · 12.2s turn · 12.2s LLM · 6,639 chars (click to expand)
turn 712.2s turn · 12.2s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering optimization techniques** I’m wondering if this approach might be faster than using __fdividef, especially if it employs reciprocal approximation. The same could apply to the --use_fast_math option, which suggests that the division may also utilize an approximation. I should really try profiling this to get a better idea. Should I include the positive values? I might want to test for correctness during compilation, possibly leveraging existing resources.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float rcp_approx(float a){ float r; asm(\"rcp.approx.ftz.f32 %0, %1;\" : \"=f\"(r) : \"f\"(a)); return r; }\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) { return v * rcp_approx(1.0f + fabsf(v)); }\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x, stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4=reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x); float4* __restrict__ y4=reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for(long long i=idx;i<n4;i+=stride){ float4 v=x4[i],o; o.x=softsign_val(v.x); o.y=softsign_val(v.y); o.z=softsign_val(v.z); o.w=softsign_val(v.w); y4[i]=o; }\n}\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,long long n){ long long idx=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x,stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x; for(long long i=idx;i<n;i+=stride){float v=x[i]; y[i]=softsign_val(v);} }\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x){ auto y=torch::empty_like(x); long long n=x.numel(); if(n==0)return y; const int threads=256; const float* xp=x.data_ptr<float>(); float* yp=y.data_ptr<float>(); if((n%4==0)&&(((uintptr_t)xp&15)==0)&&(((uintptr_t)yp&15)==0)){long long n4=n/4; long long need=(n4+threads-1)/threads; int blocks=(int)(need<65535LL?need:65535LL); softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks,threads>>>(xp,yp,n4);} else {long long need=(n+threads-1)/threads; int blocks=(int)(need<65535LL?need:65535LL); softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks,threads>>>(xp,yp,n);} return y; }\n\"\"\"\n_ext=load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_v4\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self): super(ModelNew,self).__init__()\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'softsign_ext_v4': [1/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v4 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_4931f4f8407a/softsign_ext_v4/main.cpp -o main.o [2/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v4 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_4931f4f8407a/softsign_ext_v4/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=4] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=softsign_ext_v4 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_4931f4f8407a/softsign_ext_v4/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/ATen/ops/_foreach_minimum_native.h(34): catastrophic error: error while writing generated C++ file: No space left on device 1 catastrophic error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_30_cache/k_4931f4f8407a/softsign_ext_v4/cuda.cu". Compilation terminated. ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 88.4s turn · 8.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering submission options** I'm thinking about how to handle my compile process. Should I go with the same name for v3 after compiling? But that could mess with the cache, and I can't test that right now. I really need to make a final decision. I'm wondering if my environment might be affecting the submit. I should really consider how space could affect the compilation too. Maybe it's best to think of a static check without compilation.
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {\n return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x);\n o.y = softsign_val(v.y);\n o.z = softsign_val(v.z);\n o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = x[i];\n y[i] = softsign_val(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n long long need = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n long long need = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_final\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 915.2s turn · 15.2s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Considering in-place improvement** I'm thinking about whether we can submit the final output. Maybe there's a way to enhance it with in-place processing? I want to reference the output only without changing the original input, but it may not be as straightforward. However, if we ensure that the current stream is adequately used when creating PyTorch variables, that might help. It seems like PyTorch leverages a default stream, which could be beneficial for performance without unnecessary allocation overhead. I need to ensure correctness overall. **Evaluating stream and compilation** I think the CUDA default stream in PyTorch is likely linked to an underlying per-device stream object, maybe cudaStream_t = 0. If I use a `torch.cuda.Stream` context, there's a possibility the kernel on a legacy stream could lead to some synchronization issues, but correctness should still hold since the legacy stream waits for other blocking ones. I’m weighing whether to include the current stream for correctness, but I also need to consider potential compile space issues when submitting. Final decisions can impact how things compile, so I should be careful. **Deciding on submission process** I notice that the name softsign_ext_v3 has already been compiled. So, for submission, I could execute the module possibly using load_inline with the same name and code to leverage the cache, which would prevent the need for re-compilation and save space. However, if I decide to use a new name, there’s a risk it could fail due to limited space in the session. To ensure success, using the v3 name and compiled code seems like the best option. The final output is expected as code, not as a tool return.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {\n return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n float4 o;\n o.x = softsign_val(v.x);\n o.y = softsign_val(v.y);\n o.z = softsign_val(v.z);\n o.w = softsign_val(v.w);\n y4[i] = o;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n float v = x[i];\n y[i] = softsign_val(v);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n long long need = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n long long need = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);\n softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(name=\"softsign_ext_v3\", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=[\"softsign_forward\"], extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"], extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"], verbose=False)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.softsign_forward(x)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 4.54 μs Runtime stats: mean=4.54μs median=?μs std=0.16μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=8.32e-09 max_rel_err=1.60e-07 Memory: 12321.0 MB peak (ref: 18465.0 MB, ratio: 0.6673x) Kernel launches: 2 (ref: 6, fusion ratio: 3.0) Energy: 484.74 mJ/run (ref: 1696.48 mJ, ratio: 3.4998x) SOL score: 0.8648
final submitted kernel (73 lines, 2,528 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <stdint.h>

__device__ __forceinline__ float softsign_val(float v) {
    return __fdividef(v, 1.0f + fabsf(v));
}

__global__ void softsign_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {
    long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);
    float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);
    for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {
        float4 v = x4[i];
        float4 o;
        o.x = softsign_val(v.x);
        o.y = softsign_val(v.y);
        o.z = softsign_val(v.z);
        o.w = softsign_val(v.w);
        y4[i] = o;
    }
}

__global__ void softsign_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {
    long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {
        float v = x[i];
        y[i] = softsign_val(v);
    }
}

torch::Tensor softsign_forward(torch::Tensor x) {
    auto y = torch::empty_like(x);
    long long n = x.numel();
    if (n == 0) return y;
    const int threads = 256;
    const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();
    float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();
    if ((n % 4 == 0) && (((uintptr_t)xp & 15) == 0) && (((uintptr_t)yp & 15) == 0)) {
        long long n4 = n / 4;
        long long need = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;
        int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);
        softsign_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n4);
    } else {
        long long need = (n + threads - 1) / threads;
        int blocks = (int)(need < 65535LL ? need : 65535LL);
        softsign_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads>>>(xp, yp, n);
    }
    return y;
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(name="softsign_ext_v3", cpp_sources=[_cpp_src], cuda_sources=[_cuda_src], functions=["softsign_forward"], extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"], extra_cflags=["-O3"], verbose=False)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return _ext.softsign_forward(x)