gpt-5.5-priority · original · l12_all_gpt
correct 28_HardSigmoid.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
7 / 15
tool calls
7
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
4.62 μs
ref runtime
4.31 μs
speedup
0.93x
started
2026-05-04T08:34:22Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
4.62 μs
ref runtime
4.31 μs
speedup
0.93x
kernel mean / median / std
4.62 / — / 0.16 μs
ref mean / median / std
4.31 / — / 0.09 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
5.96e-08
mean abs error
1.49e-08
max rel error
1.19e-07
mean rel error
2.57e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
12321.00 MB
ref peak
12321.00 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
2
ref launches
1
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
0.50x
total cuda time
66 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
483.64
ref mJ / run
725.42
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.50x
avg power
105.25 W
ref avg power
166.75 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
0.851
dram util %
85.1%
compute util %
0.0%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe
None
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
2850.62 GB/s
dram util %
85.1%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
71.2%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe %
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
50.9%
ld sectors / req
16.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
38
smem / block
1024 B
block size
256
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
19334.9%
mio_throttle
44.5%
short_scoreboard
25.3%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Simple model that performs a HardSigmoid activation.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
    
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Applies HardSigmoid activation to the input tensor.

        Args:
            x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of any shape.

        Returns:
            torch.Tensor: Output tensor with HardSigmoid applied, same shape as input.
        """
        return torch.nn.functional.hardsigmoid(x)

batch_size = 4096
dim = 393216

def get_inputs():
    x = torch.rand(batch_size, dim)
    return [x]

def get_init_inputs():
    return []  # No special initialization inputs needed
turn 07.4s turn · 7.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Evaluating hardsigmoid implementation** I need to craft a Python file for the hardsigmoid operation on a huge tensor of about 1.6 billion elements, which is quite a hefty task. So, I'm wondering if I can implement the function y = min(max(x+3,0),6)/6 more efficiently than the torch version. I’m also considering that if inputs are randomly generated within [0,1], I might simplify the function. I’ll need to ensure the implementation is both correct and efficient. **Considering vectorized implementation** I’m thinking about a general implementation using clamping with vectorized float4 for a balance of correctness and speed. It looks like PyTorch likely uses a single kernel with TensorIterator focused on memory bandwidth. However, I believe a custom float4 vectorized approach could be faster due to less overhead. I need to make sure to incorporate load_inline and possibly compile it. First, I’ll gather the specs to see how to go about this efficiently.
call → get_gpu_specs
callget_gpu_specs {}
result ← get_gpu_specs (ok)
okget_gpu_specs GPU specs for NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3: total memory (runtime): 79.1 GB spec entry: H100 GPU Architecture: Hopper GPU Memory: 80GB Memory Bandwidth: 3.35 TB/s FP64 TFLOPS: 34 FP64 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 67 FP32 TFLOPS: 67 TF32 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 989 with sparsity BFLOAT16 Tensore Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP16 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 1979 with sparsity FP8 Tensor Core TFLOPS: 3958 with sparsity INT8 Tensor Core TOPS: 3958 with sparsity Register File Size: 64K 32-bit registers per SM Maximum number of registers per thread: 255 Maximum number of thread blocks per SM: 32 Shared memory capacity per SM: 228 KB Maximum shared memory per thread block: 227 KB
turn 120.9s turn · 20.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Optimizing memory allocation in PyTorch** I'm considering the potential issue of inputting large contiguous data, which might necessitate special handling for memory allocation. I could use torch.empty_like to alleviate overhead. I'll need to assess how the forward function returns a new tensor with memory references. There are complexities with PyTorch’s hardsigmoid, especially around clamping. While the differences might not always be identical, they’re usually within acceptable tolerances for specific ranges. I need to explore using CUDA for improved clamping to enhance performance, especially regarding NaN behavior. **Exploring hardsigmoid optimizations** I’m considering using fmaf(x, 1/6, 0.5) with saturation for efficiency, and it seems that the hardsigmoid can be expressed as (x+3)/6, and there’s an acceptable tolerance. I need to ensure that NaN values are handled properly, like mapping them to zero. It looks like I can vectorize operations using float4 and check for divisibility by 4. For the implementation, I might use a grid-stride approach, optimizing occupancy and reducing index overhead while considering potential threading strategies. I'll also need to include the proper torch extensions.
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float hs_f32(float v) {\n // Equivalent to clamp((v+3)/6, 0, 1) within fp32 tolerance.\n return __saturatef(fmaf(v, 0.16666666666666666f, 0.5f));\n}\n\n__global__ void hardsigmoid_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n v.x = hs_f32(v.x);\n v.y = hs_f32(v.y);\n v.z = hs_f32(v.z);\n v.w = hs_f32(v.w);\n y4[i] = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void hardsigmoid_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n y[i] = hs_f32(x[i]);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n const long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((((uintptr_t)xp | (uintptr_t)yp) & 15) == 0 && (n % 4 == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 131072) blocks = 131072;\n hardsigmoid_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 131072) blocks = 131072;\n hardsigmoid_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='hsigmoid_ext_v1',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['hardsigmoid_cuda'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n with_cuda=True,\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.hardsigmoid_cuda(x)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (ok)
okcompile_kernel compile_kernel PASSED: kernel compiled without errors.
turn 25.9s turn · 5.9s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → run_correctness
callrun_correctness { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float hs_f32(float v) {\n // Equivalent to clamp((v+3)/6, 0, 1) within fp32 tolerance.\n return __saturatef(fmaf(v, 0.16666666666666666f, 0.5f));\n}\n\n__global__ void hardsigmoid_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n v.x = hs_f32(v.x);\n v.y = hs_f32(v.y);\n v.z = hs_f32(v.z);\n v.w = hs_f32(v.w);\n y4[i] = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void hardsigmoid_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n y[i] = hs_f32(x[i]);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n const long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((((uintptr_t)xp | (uintptr_t)yp) & 15) == 0 && (n % 4 == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 131072) blocks = 131072;\n hardsigmoid_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 131072) blocks = 131072;\n hardsigmoid_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='hsigmoid_ext_v1',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['hardsigmoid_cuda'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n with_cuda=True,\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.hardsigmoid_cuda(x)\n" }
result ← run_correctness (ok)
okrun_correctness run_correctness PASSED: (5 / 5) trials all matched the reference. Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=1.49e-08 max_rel_err=1.19e-07
turn 36.4s turn · 6.4s LLM · 0.0s tools
call → profile_kernel
callprofile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float hs_f32(float v) {\n return __saturatef(fmaf(v, 0.16666666666666666f, 0.5f));\n}\n\n__global__ void hardsigmoid_vec4_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n4) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = reinterpret_cast<const float4*>(x);\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y);\n for (long long i = idx; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n v.x = hs_f32(v.x);\n v.y = hs_f32(v.y);\n v.z = hs_f32(v.z);\n v.w = hs_f32(v.w);\n y4[i] = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void hardsigmoid_scalar_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long idx = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = idx; i < n; i += stride) {\n y[i] = hs_f32(x[i]);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n const long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n if ((((uintptr_t)xp | (uintptr_t)yp) & 15) == 0 && (n % 4 == 0)) {\n long long n4 = n / 4;\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 131072) blocks = 131072;\n hardsigmoid_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 131072) blocks = 131072;\n hardsigmoid_scalar_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='hsigmoid_ext_v1p',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['hardsigmoid_cuda'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n with_cuda=True,\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.hardsigmoid_cuda(x)\n" }
result ← profile_kernel (fail)
failprofile_kernel profile_kernel FAILED: worker exited with code 1. ion for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used /opt/conda/lib/gcc/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu/14.2.0/include/c++/bits/stl_multimap.h(165): catastrophic error: error while writing generated C++ file: No space left on device 1 catastrophic error detected in the compilation of "/scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_28_cache/k_83b79099c8c1/hsigmoid_ext_v1p/cuda.cu". Compilation terminated. ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 4 · 1 tool call(s) · 28.8s turn · 28.8s LLM · 6,564 chars (click to expand)
turn 428.8s turn · 28.8s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Optimizing code name changes** I could try running something called "run_correctness" with a changed name, but I wonder if it might fail due to not having a space. Maybe keeping the same extension name uses cache? I think I should test some variations even if compile doesn’t work. If I use the name v1, which is already cached, it might pass. For the new code though, it seems like it won’t. I need to decide on a final optimized version—going for something simpler, maybe a scalar? **Exploring computational methods** I'm considering whether I could return a computed value using x.mul, but that doesn’t seem right. I might exploit a known range and use torch.empty_like with a custom kernel, which sounds promising. I could output it at a known formula while utilizing hardware vectorization. However, for inputs ranging from [0,1], I wonder if I would get all outputs within [0.5,0.666]. This is an interesting puzzle!
call → compile_kernel
callcompile_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = '#include <torch/extension.h>\\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\\n'\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float hs_f32(float v){return __saturatef(fmaf(v,0.16666666666666666f,0.5f));}\n__global__ void hs4(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,int n4){\n int tid=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x, stride=blockDim.x*gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4=(const float4*)x; float4* __restrict__ y4=(float4*)y;\n for(int i=tid;i<n4;i+=stride){float4 v=x4[i]; v.x=hs_f32(v.x); v.y=hs_f32(v.y); v.z=hs_f32(v.z); v.w=hs_f32(v.w); y4[i]=v;}\n}\n__global__ void hs1(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,long long n){\n long long tid=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x, stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x;\n for(long long i=tid;i<n;i+=stride)y[i]=hs_f32(x[i]);\n}\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x){\n auto y=torch::empty_like(x); long long n=x.numel(); if(!n) return y;\n const int threads=256; cudaStream_t s=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float* xp=x.data_ptr<float>(); float* yp=y.data_ptr<float>();\n if((((uintptr_t)xp|(uintptr_t)yp)&15)==0 && (n&3)==0 && n/4<=2147483647LL){int n4=(int)(n/4); int blocks=(n4+threads-1)/threads; if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; hs4<<<blocks,threads,0,s>>>(xp,yp,n4);} else {int blocks=(int)((n+threads-1)/threads); if(blocks>65535) blocks=65535; hs1<<<blocks,threads,0,s>>>(xp,yp,n);} return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='hsigmoid_ext_v2', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hardsigmoid_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], with_cuda=True, verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self): super(ModelNew,self).__init__()\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.hardsigmoid_cuda(x)\n" }
result ← compile_kernel (fail)
failcompile_kernel compile_kernel FAILED: RuntimeError. RuntimeError: Error building extension 'hsigmoid_ext_v2': [1/3] /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hsigmoid_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_28_cache/k_4991026f1441/hsigmoid_ext_v2/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o FAILED: [code=1] cuda.cuda.o /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -MD -MF cuda.cuda.o.d -ccbin /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-cc -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hsigmoid_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_OPERATORS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_BFLOAT16_CONVERSIONS__ -D__CUDA_NO_HALF2_OPERATORS__ --expt-relaxed-constexpr -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=compute_90 -gencode=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90 --compiler-options '-fPIC' -O3 --use_fast_math -std=c++17 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_28_cache/k_4991026f1441/hsigmoid_ext_v2/cuda.cu -o cuda.cuda.o nvcc warning : incompatible redefinition for option 'compiler-bindir', the last value of this option was used <built-in>: fatal error: when writing output to /var/tmp/tmpxft_00388f7d_00000000-5_cuda.cpp4.ii: No such file or directory compilation terminated. [2/3] /opt/conda/bin/x86_64-conda-linux-gnu-c++ -MMD -MF main.o.d -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=hsigmoid_ext_v2 -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include -isystem /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -isystem /usr/local/cuda/include -isystem /opt/conda/include/python3.10 -fPIC -std=c++17 -O3 -c /scratch/abaner/KernelBench/runs/l12_all_gpt/original/gpt-5.5-priority/level_1_problem_28_cache/k_4991026f1441/hsigmoid_ext_v2/main.cpp -o main.o ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
turn 527.1s turn · 27.1s LLM · 0.0s tools
reasoning
**Considering compilation issues** I’m trying to figure out the compilation problems I’m facing. It seems like there’s an issue with no temporary files, possibly due to disk space. Even though the syntax seems alright, the final project must compile correctly. I’m wondering if I should submit the previous version under the same environment. I also see that there might be issues with function bindings in the main file. I’ll need to ensure that the code runs correctly, but I can't check due to space limitations. **Analyzing floating-point operations** I'm considering how to manage floating-point calculations, particularly about casting between long long and int to avoid overflow when working with larger values. Since inputs come from `torch.rand`, I need to ensure correctness in the function while possibly keeping some operations robust by using a saturate function. There’s a need to address NaN inputs with the PyTorch hardsigmoid and ensure that it properly handles clamping. My final aspirations include using device properties to optimize blocks for computation without affecting performance.
call → static_check
callstatic_check { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n_cpp_src = '#include <torch/extension.h>\\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\\n'\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n__device__ __forceinline__ float hs_f32(float v){return __saturatef(fmaf(v,0.16666666666666666f,0.5f));}\n__device__ __forceinline__ void do4(const float4* __restrict__ x4,float4* __restrict__ y4,int i){float4 v=x4[i]; v.x=hs_f32(v.x); v.y=hs_f32(v.y); v.z=hs_f32(v.z); v.w=hs_f32(v.w); y4[i]=v;}\n__global__ void hs4(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,int n4){\n int tid=blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x, stride=blockDim.x*gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4=(const float4*)x; float4* __restrict__ y4=(float4*)y;\n int step=stride*4;\n for(int i=tid;i<n4;i+=step){do4(x4,y4,i); int j=i+stride; if(j<n4) do4(x4,y4,j); j+=stride; if(j<n4) do4(x4,y4,j); j+=stride; if(j<n4) do4(x4,y4,j);}\n}\n__global__ void hs1(const float* __restrict__ x,float* __restrict__ y,long long n){\n long long tid=(long long)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x, stride=(long long)blockDim.x*gridDim.x;\n for(long long i=tid;i<n;i+=stride)y[i]=hs_f32(x[i]);\n}\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x){\n auto y=torch::empty_like(x); long long n=x.numel(); if(!n) return y;\n const int threads=256; cudaStream_t s=at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream(); const float* xp=x.data_ptr<float>(); float* yp=y.data_ptr<float>();\n if((((uintptr_t)xp|(uintptr_t)yp)&15)==0 && (n&3)==0 && n/4<=2147483647LL){int n4=(int)(n/4); int blocks=(n4+threads-1)/threads; if(blocks>4096) blocks=4096; hs4<<<blocks,threads,0,s>>>(xp,yp,n4);} else {long long nb=(n+threads-1)/threads; int blocks=(int)(nb>4096?4096:nb); hs1<<<blocks,threads,0,s>>>(xp,yp,n);} return y;\n}\n'''\n_ext=load_inline(name='hsigmoid_ext_final', cpp_sources=_cpp_src, cuda_sources=_cuda_src, functions=['hardsigmoid_cuda'], extra_cflags=['-O3'], extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3','--use_fast_math'], with_cuda=True, verbose=False)\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self): super(ModelNew,self).__init__()\n def forward(self,x:torch.Tensor)->torch.Tensor: return _ext.hardsigmoid_cuda(x)\n" }
result ← static_check (ok)
okstatic_check static_check PASSED: no violations or warnings detected.
turn 616.6s turn · 16.6s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = '#include <torch/extension.h>\\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\\n'\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float hs_f32(float v) {\n return __saturatef(fmaf(v, 0.16666666666666666f, 0.5f));\n}\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ void do4(const float4* __restrict__ x4,\n float4* __restrict__ y4,\n int i) {\n float4 v = x4[i];\n v.x = hs_f32(v.x);\n v.y = hs_f32(v.y);\n v.z = hs_f32(v.z);\n v.w = hs_f32(v.w);\n y4[i] = v;\n}\n\n__global__ void hs4(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int n4) {\n int tid = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int stride = blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n const float4* __restrict__ x4 = (const float4*)x;\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = (float4*)y;\n int step = stride * 4;\n for (int i = tid; i < n4; i += step) {\n do4(x4, y4, i);\n int j = i + stride;\n if (j < n4) do4(x4, y4, j);\n j += stride;\n if (j < n4) do4(x4, y4, j);\n j += stride;\n if (j < n4) do4(x4, y4, j);\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void hs1(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {\n long long tid = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (long long i = tid; i < n; i += stride) {\n y[i] = hs_f32(x[i]);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n long long n = x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return y;\n\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t s = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();\n float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();\n\n if ((((uintptr_t)xp | (uintptr_t)yp) & 15) == 0 && (n & 3) == 0 && n / 4 <= 2147483647LL) {\n int n4 = (int)(n / 4);\n int blocks = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;\n if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;\n hs4<<<blocks, threads, 0, s>>>(xp, yp, n4);\n } else {\n long long nb = (n + threads - 1) / threads;\n int blocks = (int)(nb > 4096 ? 4096 : nb);\n hs1<<<blocks, threads, 0, s>>>(xp, yp, n);\n }\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name='hsigmoid_ext_final',\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=['hardsigmoid_cuda'],\n extra_cflags=['-O3'],\n extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],\n with_cuda=True,\n verbose=False,\n)\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:\n return _ext.hardsigmoid_cuda(x)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 4.62 μs Runtime stats: mean=4.62μs median=?μs std=0.16μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=1.49e-08 max_rel_err=1.19e-07 Memory: 12321.0 MB peak (ref: 12321.0 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 2 (ref: 1, fusion ratio: 0.5) Energy: 483.64 mJ/run (ref: 725.42 mJ, ratio: 1.4999x) SOL score: 0.8509
final submitted kernel (94 lines, 2,805 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = '#include <torch/extension.h>\ntorch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n'

_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <stdint.h>

__device__ __forceinline__ float hs_f32(float v) {
    return __saturatef(fmaf(v, 0.16666666666666666f, 0.5f));
}

__device__ __forceinline__ void do4(const float4* __restrict__ x4,
                                    float4* __restrict__ y4,
                                    int i) {
    float4 v = x4[i];
    v.x = hs_f32(v.x);
    v.y = hs_f32(v.y);
    v.z = hs_f32(v.z);
    v.w = hs_f32(v.w);
    y4[i] = v;
}

__global__ void hs4(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, int n4) {
    int tid = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    int stride = blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    const float4* __restrict__ x4 = (const float4*)x;
    float4* __restrict__ y4 = (float4*)y;
    int step = stride * 4;
    for (int i = tid; i < n4; i += step) {
        do4(x4, y4, i);
        int j = i + stride;
        if (j < n4) do4(x4, y4, j);
        j += stride;
        if (j < n4) do4(x4, y4, j);
        j += stride;
        if (j < n4) do4(x4, y4, j);
    }
}

__global__ void hs1(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y, long long n) {
    long long tid = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (long long i = tid; i < n; i += stride) {
        y[i] = hs_f32(x[i]);
    }
}

torch::Tensor hardsigmoid_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {
    auto y = torch::empty_like(x);
    long long n = x.numel();
    if (n == 0) return y;

    const int threads = 256;
    cudaStream_t s = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    const float* xp = x.data_ptr<float>();
    float* yp = y.data_ptr<float>();

    if ((((uintptr_t)xp | (uintptr_t)yp) & 15) == 0 && (n & 3) == 0 && n / 4 <= 2147483647LL) {
        int n4 = (int)(n / 4);
        int blocks = (n4 + threads - 1) / threads;
        if (blocks > 4096) blocks = 4096;
        hs4<<<blocks, threads, 0, s>>>(xp, yp, n4);
    } else {
        long long nb = (n + threads - 1) / threads;
        int blocks = (int)(nb > 4096 ? 4096 : nb);
        hs1<<<blocks, threads, 0, s>>>(xp, yp, n);
    }
    return y;
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(
    name='hsigmoid_ext_final',
    cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
    functions=['hardsigmoid_cuda'],
    extra_cflags=['-O3'],
    extra_cuda_cflags=['-O3', '--use_fast_math'],
    with_cuda=True,
    verbose=False,
)

class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return _ext.hardsigmoid_cuda(x)