gpt-5.5-priority · original · l123_single_gpt
incorrect 6_GoogleNetInceptionModule.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
1 / 1
tool calls
1
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
—
ref runtime
8.81 μs
speedup
—
started
2026-05-05T02:09:24Z
correctness issue: Output mismatch
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
—
ref runtime
8.81 μs
speedup
—
kernel mean / median / std
—
ref mean / median / std
8.81 / — / 0.27 μs
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
100.0%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
32512.09 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
1197.8%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
248.5%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
1254.1%
ld sectors / req
88.15
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
1136
smem / block
822016 B
block size
4608
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
28263.7%
short_scoreboard
4384.9%
mio_throttle
321.5%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_1x1, reduce_3x3, out_3x3, reduce_5x5, out_5x5, pool_proj):
        """
        :param in_channels: Number of input channels
        :param out_1x1: Number of output channels for the 1x1 convolution
        :param reduce_3x3: Number of output channels for the 1x1 reduction before 3x3 convolution
        :param out_3x3: Number of output channels for the 3x3 convolution
        :param reduce_5x5: Number of output channels for the 1x1 reduction before 5x5 convolution
        :param out_5x5: Number of output channels for the 5x5 convolution
        :param pool_proj: Number of output channels for the pooling projection
        """
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        
        # 1x1 convolution branch
        self.branch1x1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_1x1, kernel_size=1)
        
        # 3x3 convolution branch
        self.branch3x3 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, reduce_3x3, kernel_size=1),
            nn.Conv2d(reduce_3x3, out_3x3, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        )
        
        # 5x5 convolution branch
        self.branch5x5 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, reduce_5x5, kernel_size=1),
            nn.Conv2d(reduce_5x5, out_5x5, kernel_size=5, padding=2)
        )
        
        # Max pooling branch
        self.branch_pool = nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, pool_proj, kernel_size=1)
        )
    
    def forward(self, x):
        """
        :param x: Input tensor, shape (batch_size, in_channels, height, width)
        :return: Output tensor, shape (batch_size, out_channels, height, width)
        """
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3(x)
        branch5x5 = self.branch5x5(x)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(x)
        
        outputs = [branch1x1, branch3x3, branch5x5, branch_pool]
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)

# Test code
in_channels = 480
out_1x1 = 192
reduce_3x3 = 96
out_3x3 = 208
reduce_5x5 = 16
out_5x5 = 48
pool_proj = 64
batch_size = 10
height = 224
width = 224

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_1x1, reduce_3x3, out_3x3, reduce_5x5, out_5x5, pool_proj]
turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 67.9s turn · 67.9s LLM · 7,284 chars (click to expand)
turn 067.9s turn · 67.9s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Considering custom kernels** I’m thinking about leveraging PyTorch’s convolution modules but questioning whether to preallocate outputs. Maybe a custom kernel for max pooling and pooling projection could save memory and improve performance. However, would it require custom kernels? I could use `F.conv2d` for convolution branches and a custom fused pooling branch, potentially speeding things up. Though if there are fallbacks to reference operations, it might not be ideal. I'll aim for a faster, efficient solution that outputs across all branches. A custom fused pool with 1x1 kernel sounds promising! **Exploring PyTorch options** I'm considering using PyTorch's max pooling followed by cuDNN's 1x1 convolutions. This combination might leverage the efficiency of both methods. Max pooling can help reduce dimensionality while cuDNN is optimized for performance, especially on GPU. However, I need to keep an eye on how these operations interact and ensure that I'm getting the best performance possible. It's interesting to think about how stacking these layers could improve my model’s overall efficiency! **Exploring max pooling efficiency** I’m considering if using a custom max pool could be faster than PyTorch's `nn.MaxPool2d`. It looks like for large datasets, such as ones with 240 million elements, the custom method could offer better performance. I wonder if looping through each element for the max pool might yield faster results. It's definitely something I want to look deeper into, especially to understand how it compares to the built-in function.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor maxpool3x3_cuda(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <cfloat>\n\n__global__ void maxpool3x3_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,\n long total, int H, int W) {\n long idx = blockIdx.x * (long)blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int w = (int)(idx % W);\n long t = idx / W;\n int h = (int)(t % H);\n long base = (t / H) * (long)H * (long)W;\n\n const float* p = x + base;\n float m;\n\n if (h > 0 && h < H - 1 && w > 0 && w < W - 1) {\n long c = (long)h * W + w;\n m = p[c - W - 1];\n float v;\n v = p[c - W ]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n v = p[c - W + 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n v = p[c - 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n v = p[c ]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n v = p[c + 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n v = p[c + W - 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n v = p[c + W ]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n v = p[c + W + 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);\n } else {\n m = -FLT_MAX;\n for (int dh = -1; dh <= 1; ++dh) {\n int hh = h + dh;\n if ((unsigned)hh >= (unsigned)H) continue;\n for (int dw = -1; dw <= 1; ++dw) {\n int ww = w + dw;\n if ((unsigned)ww >= (unsigned)W) continue;\n float v = p[(long)hh * W + ww];\n m = fmaxf(m, v);\n }\n }\n }\n y[idx] = m;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor maxpool3x3_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {\n auto y = torch::empty_like(x);\n const long total = x.numel();\n const int H = (int)x.size(2);\n const int W = (int)x.size(3);\n const int threads = 256;\n const int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n maxpool3x3_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, H, W);\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"inception_pool3x3_ext_v1\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"maxpool3x3_cuda\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n with_cuda=True,\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_1x1, reduce_3x3, out_3x3, reduce_5x5, out_5x5, pool_proj):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.branch1x1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_1x1, kernel_size=1)\n self.branch3x3 = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(in_channels, reduce_3x3, kernel_size=1),\n nn.Conv2d(reduce_3x3, out_3x3, kernel_size=3, padding=1)\n )\n self.branch5x5 = nn.Sequential(\n nn.Conv2d(in_channels, reduce_5x5, kernel_size=1),\n nn.Conv2d(reduce_5x5, out_5x5, kernel_size=5, padding=2)\n )\n self.branch_pool = nn.Sequential(\n nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),\n nn.Conv2d(in_channels, pool_proj, kernel_size=1)\n )\n self._out_1x1 = out_1x1\n self._reduce_3x3 = reduce_3x3\n self._reduce_5x5 = reduce_5x5\n\n def forward(self, x):\n # Fuse the three independent 1x1 convolutions into a single cuDNN call.\n w0 = torch.cat((self.branch1x1.weight,\n self.branch3x3[0].weight,\n self.branch5x5[0].weight), dim=0)\n b0 = torch.cat((self.branch1x1.bias,\n self.branch3x3[0].bias,\n self.branch5x5[0].bias), dim=0)\n y0 = F.conv2d(x, w0, b0)\n\n c1 = self._out_1x1\n c3 = self._reduce_3x3\n c5 = self._reduce_5x5\n branch1x1 = y0[:, :c1, :, :]\n red3 = y0[:, c1:c1 + c3, :, :]\n red5 = y0[:, c1 + c3:c1 + c3 + c5, :, :]\n\n branch3x3 = F.conv2d(red3, self.branch3x3[1].weight, self.branch3x3[1].bias, padding=1)\n branch5x5 = F.conv2d(red5, self.branch5x5[1].weight, self.branch5x5[1].bias, padding=2)\n\n pooled = _ext.maxpool3x3_cuda(x)\n branch_pool = F.conv2d(pooled, self.branch_pool[1].weight, self.branch_pool[1].bias)\n\n return torch.cat((branch1x1, branch3x3, branch5x5, branch_pool), dim=1)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (fail)
failsubmit_kernel submit_kernel FAILED: correctness check did not pass ((0 / 5) trials). correctness_issue: Output mismatch max_difference: ['0.000444', '0.000410', '0.000451', '0.000440', '0.000447'] avg_difference: ['0.000006', '0.000006', '0.000006', '0.000006', '0.000006']
final submitted kernel (130 lines, 4,347 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>

torch::Tensor maxpool3x3_cuda(torch::Tensor x);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cfloat>

__global__ void maxpool3x3_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x, float* __restrict__ y,
                                  long total, int H, int W) {
    long idx = blockIdx.x * (long)blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;

    int w = (int)(idx % W);
    long t = idx / W;
    int h = (int)(t % H);
    long base = (t / H) * (long)H * (long)W;

    const float* p = x + base;
    float m;

    if (h > 0 && h < H - 1 && w > 0 && w < W - 1) {
        long c = (long)h * W + w;
        m = p[c - W - 1];
        float v;
        v = p[c - W    ]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
        v = p[c - W + 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
        v = p[c     - 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
        v = p[c        ]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
        v = p[c     + 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
        v = p[c + W - 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
        v = p[c + W    ]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
        v = p[c + W + 1]; m = fmaxf(m, v);
    } else {
        m = -FLT_MAX;
        for (int dh = -1; dh <= 1; ++dh) {
            int hh = h + dh;
            if ((unsigned)hh >= (unsigned)H) continue;
            for (int dw = -1; dw <= 1; ++dw) {
                int ww = w + dw;
                if ((unsigned)ww >= (unsigned)W) continue;
                float v = p[(long)hh * W + ww];
                m = fmaxf(m, v);
            }
        }
    }
    y[idx] = m;
}

torch::Tensor maxpool3x3_cuda(torch::Tensor x) {
    auto y = torch::empty_like(x);
    const long total = x.numel();
    const int H = (int)x.size(2);
    const int W = (int)x.size(3);
    const int threads = 256;
    const int blocks = (int)((total + threads - 1) / threads);
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    maxpool3x3_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
        x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, H, W);
    return y;
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(
    name="inception_pool3x3_ext_v1",
    cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
    functions=["maxpool3x3_cuda"],
    extra_cflags=["-O3"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
    with_cuda=True,
    verbose=False,
)


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_1x1, reduce_3x3, out_3x3, reduce_5x5, out_5x5, pool_proj):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.branch1x1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_1x1, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, reduce_3x3, kernel_size=1),
            nn.Conv2d(reduce_3x3, out_3x3, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        )
        self.branch5x5 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, reduce_5x5, kernel_size=1),
            nn.Conv2d(reduce_5x5, out_5x5, kernel_size=5, padding=2)
        )
        self.branch_pool = nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, pool_proj, kernel_size=1)
        )
        self._out_1x1 = out_1x1
        self._reduce_3x3 = reduce_3x3
        self._reduce_5x5 = reduce_5x5

    def forward(self, x):
        # Fuse the three independent 1x1 convolutions into a single cuDNN call.
        w0 = torch.cat((self.branch1x1.weight,
                        self.branch3x3[0].weight,
                        self.branch5x5[0].weight), dim=0)
        b0 = torch.cat((self.branch1x1.bias,
                        self.branch3x3[0].bias,
                        self.branch5x5[0].bias), dim=0)
        y0 = F.conv2d(x, w0, b0)

        c1 = self._out_1x1
        c3 = self._reduce_3x3
        c5 = self._reduce_5x5
        branch1x1 = y0[:, :c1, :, :]
        red3 = y0[:, c1:c1 + c3, :, :]
        red5 = y0[:, c1 + c3:c1 + c3 + c5, :, :]

        branch3x3 = F.conv2d(red3, self.branch3x3[1].weight, self.branch3x3[1].bias, padding=1)
        branch5x5 = F.conv2d(red5, self.branch5x5[1].weight, self.branch5x5[1].bias, padding=2)

        pooled = _ext.maxpool3x3_cuda(x)
        branch_pool = F.conv2d(pooled, self.branch_pool[1].weight, self.branch_pool[1].bias)

        return torch.cat((branch1x1, branch3x3, branch5x5, branch_pool), dim=1)