gpt-5.5-priority · original · l123_single_gpt
correct 5_AlexNet.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
1 / 1
tool calls
1
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
21.50 μs
ref runtime
24.40 μs
speedup
1.13x
started
2026-05-05T00:02:00Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
21.50 μs
ref runtime
24.40 μs
speedup
1.13x
kernel mean / median / std
21.50 / — / 0.07 μs
ref mean / median / std
24.40 / — / 5.22 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
0.00
mean abs error
0.00
max rel error
0.00
mean rel error
0.00
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
3953.79 MB
ref peak
3953.79 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
55
ref launches
74
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.35x
total cuda time
76279 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
2900.78
ref mJ / run
3870.32
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.33x
avg power
135.41 W
ref avg power
162.67 W
SOL (speed-of-light)heuristic_from_speedup
SOL score (0–1)
0.114
dram util %
—
compute util %
—
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
—
roofline / occupancyheuristic
dram bandwidth
—
dram util %
—
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
—
bottleneck
—
dominant pipe %
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
—
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
—
ld sectors / req
—
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
—
smem / block
—
block size
—
peak bw
—
peak fp32 tflops
—
peak fp16 tflops
—
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):
        """
        :param num_classes: The number of output classes (default is 1000 for ImageNet)
        """
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        
        # First convolutional layer
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=96, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=2)
        self.relu1 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.maxpool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        
        # Second convolutional layer
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=96, out_channels=256, kernel_size=5, padding=2)
        self.relu2 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.maxpool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        
        # Third convolutional layer
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=256, out_channels=384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu3 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        
        # Fourth convolutional layer
        self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=384, out_channels=384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu4 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        
        # Fifth convolutional layer
        self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=384, out_channels=256, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu5 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.maxpool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        
        # Fully connected layers
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features=256 * 6 * 6, out_features=4096)
        self.relu6 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(p=0.0)
        
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096)
        self.relu7 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(p=0.0)
        
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=num_classes)
    
    def forward(self, x):
        """
        :param x: The input tensor, shape (batch_size, 3, 224, 224)
        :return: The output tensor, shape (batch_size, num_classes)
        """
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.relu1(x)
        x = self.maxpool1(x)
        
        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = self.relu2(x)
        x = self.maxpool2(x)
        
        x = self.conv3(x)
        x = self.relu3(x)
        
        x = self.conv4(x)
        x = self.relu4(x)
        
        x = self.conv5(x)
        x = self.relu5(x)
        x = self.maxpool3(x)
        
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.relu6(x)
        x = self.dropout1(x)
        
        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.relu7(x)
        x = self.dropout2(x)
        
        x = self.fc3(x)
        
        return x

# Test code
batch_size = 1024
num_classes = 1000

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, 3, 224, 224)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [num_classes]
turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 128.5s turn · 128.5s LLM · 8,637 chars (click to expand)
turn 0128.5s turn · 128.5s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Optimizing AlexNet Implementation** I need to submit a complete Python implementation for optimizing AlexNet with a huge batch size of 1024. Should I implement the whole forward pass? I think I should use weights from the modules. If I'm creating a new model with the same constructor, will I need to copy the state_dict as well? I could subclass nn.Module to create the same layers. Maybe leveraging some of PyTorch's operations will help speed things up, but I'll need to ensure the output remains the same. **Considering Custom Operations** The requirement to "replace forward computation" doesn't necessarily mean all operations need to be custom. However, I wonder if doing so could be faster. PyTorch's conv and linear might be efficient, but the overhead from ReLU and pooling for a batch size of 1024 could add up. If I use `torch.compile`, it might not be allowed, so I’ll consider custom extensions. Implementing a fused ReLU-maxpool could save memory by avoiding a separate ReLU tensor. I’ll work out the dimensions for outputs in each layer too. **Producing code confidently** I'm considering binding a declared function, and I'm feeling good about how the linker will resolve it. I’ll set verbose to False and ensure the names are unique. One thing I want to watch out for is that load_inline with functions auto-generates PYBIND into the main cpp, and the cuda_sources definitions also include those function definitions. Overall, everything seems good, so let’s go ahead and produce the code!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool3x3s2_forward(torch::Tensor x);\ntorch::Tensor relu_inplace_forward(torch::Tensor x);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__global__ void relu_pool3x3s2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,\n float* __restrict__ y,\n int total, int C, int H, int W,\n int outH, int outW) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx >= total) return;\n\n int ow = idx % outW;\n int t = idx / outW;\n int oh = t % outH;\n t /= outH;\n int c = t % C;\n int n = t / C;\n\n int ih = oh * 2;\n int iw = ow * 2;\n int base = ((n * C + c) * H + ih) * W + iw;\n\n float m = x[base];\n float v;\n v = x[base + 1]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n v = x[base + 2]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n int b1 = base + W;\n v = x[b1]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n v = x[b1 + 1]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n v = x[b1 + 2]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n int b2 = base + 2 * W;\n v = x[b2]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n v = x[b2 + 1]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n v = x[b2 + 2]; m = v > m ? v : m;\n\n y[idx] = m > 0.0f ? m : 0.0f;\n}\n\n__global__ void relu_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, int total) {\n int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (idx < total) {\n float v = x[idx];\n x[idx] = v > 0.0f ? v : 0.0f;\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_pool3x3s2_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, \"x must be NCHW\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_contiguous(), \"x must be contiguous\");\n const int N = (int)x.size(0);\n const int C = (int)x.size(1);\n const int H = (int)x.size(2);\n const int W = (int)x.size(3);\n const int outH = (H - 3) / 2 + 1;\n const int outW = (W - 3) / 2 + 1;\n auto y = torch::empty({N, C, outH, outW}, x.options());\n const int total = N * C * outH * outW;\n const int threads = 256;\n const int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n relu_pool3x3s2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, outH, outW);\n return y;\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor relu_inplace_forward(torch::Tensor x) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_contiguous(), \"x must be contiguous\");\n const int total = (int)x.numel();\n const int threads = 256;\n const int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;\n relu_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), total);\n return x;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"alexnet_fused_relu_pool_ext_v1\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"relu_pool3x3s2_forward\", \"relu_inplace_forward\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=96, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=2)\n self.relu1 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n self.maxpool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)\n self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=96, out_channels=256, kernel_size=5, padding=2)\n self.relu2 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n self.maxpool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)\n self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=256, out_channels=384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)\n self.relu3 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=384, out_channels=384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)\n self.relu4 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=384, out_channels=256, kernel_size=3, padding=1)\n self.relu5 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n self.maxpool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)\n self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features=256 * 6 * 6, out_features=4096)\n self.relu6 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(p=0.0)\n self.fc2 = nn.Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096)\n self.relu7 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)\n self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(p=0.0)\n self.fc3 = nn.Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=num_classes)\n\n def forward(self, x):\n x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv1.weight, self.conv1.bias, stride=4, padding=2)\n x = _ext.relu_pool3x3s2_forward(x)\n\n x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv2.weight, self.conv2.bias, stride=1, padding=2)\n x = _ext.relu_pool3x3s2_forward(x)\n\n x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv3.weight, self.conv3.bias, stride=1, padding=1)\n x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)\n\n x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv4.weight, self.conv4.bias, stride=1, padding=1)\n x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)\n\n x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv5.weight, self.conv5.bias, stride=1, padding=1)\n x = _ext.relu_pool3x3s2_forward(x)\n\n x = torch.flatten(x, 1)\n x = F.linear(x, self.fc1.weight, self.fc1.bias)\n x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)\n x = F.linear(x, self.fc2.weight, self.fc2.bias)\n x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)\n x = F.linear(x, self.fc3.weight, self.fc3.bias)\n return x\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 21.50 μs Runtime stats: mean=21.50μs median=?μs std=0.07μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00 Memory: 3953.79 MB peak (ref: 3953.79 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 55 (ref: 74, fusion ratio: 1.3455) Energy: 2900.78 mJ/run (ref: 3870.32 mJ, ratio: 1.3342x) SOL score: 0.1135
final submitted kernel (151 lines, 5,604 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>

torch::Tensor relu_pool3x3s2_forward(torch::Tensor x);
torch::Tensor relu_inplace_forward(torch::Tensor x);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__global__ void relu_pool3x3s2_kernel(const float* __restrict__ x,
                                      float* __restrict__ y,
                                      int total, int C, int H, int W,
                                      int outH, int outW) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx >= total) return;

    int ow = idx % outW;
    int t = idx / outW;
    int oh = t % outH;
    t /= outH;
    int c = t % C;
    int n = t / C;

    int ih = oh * 2;
    int iw = ow * 2;
    int base = ((n * C + c) * H + ih) * W + iw;

    float m = x[base];
    float v;
    v = x[base + 1];       m = v > m ? v : m;
    v = x[base + 2];       m = v > m ? v : m;
    int b1 = base + W;
    v = x[b1];             m = v > m ? v : m;
    v = x[b1 + 1];         m = v > m ? v : m;
    v = x[b1 + 2];         m = v > m ? v : m;
    int b2 = base + 2 * W;
    v = x[b2];             m = v > m ? v : m;
    v = x[b2 + 1];         m = v > m ? v : m;
    v = x[b2 + 2];         m = v > m ? v : m;

    y[idx] = m > 0.0f ? m : 0.0f;
}

__global__ void relu_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ x, int total) {
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (idx < total) {
        float v = x[idx];
        x[idx] = v > 0.0f ? v : 0.0f;
    }
}

torch::Tensor relu_pool3x3s2_forward(torch::Tensor x) {
    TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), "x must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 supported");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.dim() == 4, "x must be NCHW");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.is_contiguous(), "x must be contiguous");
    const int N = (int)x.size(0);
    const int C = (int)x.size(1);
    const int H = (int)x.size(2);
    const int W = (int)x.size(3);
    const int outH = (H - 3) / 2 + 1;
    const int outW = (W - 3) / 2 + 1;
    auto y = torch::empty({N, C, outH, outW}, x.options());
    const int total = N * C * outH * outW;
    const int threads = 256;
    const int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;
    relu_pool3x3s2_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(
        x.data_ptr<float>(), y.data_ptr<float>(), total, C, H, W, outH, outW);
    return y;
}

torch::Tensor relu_inplace_forward(torch::Tensor x) {
    TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), "x must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 supported");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.is_contiguous(), "x must be contiguous");
    const int total = (int)x.numel();
    const int threads = 256;
    const int blocks = (total + threads - 1) / threads;
    relu_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(x.data_ptr<float>(), total);
    return x;
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(
    name="alexnet_fused_relu_pool_ext_v1",
    cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
    functions=["relu_pool3x3s2_forward", "relu_inplace_forward"],
    extra_cflags=["-O3"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
    verbose=False,
)


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=96, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=2)
        self.relu1 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.maxpool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=96, out_channels=256, kernel_size=5, padding=2)
        self.relu2 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.maxpool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=256, out_channels=384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu3 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=384, out_channels=384, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu4 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=384, out_channels=256, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.relu5 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.maxpool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features=256 * 6 * 6, out_features=4096)
        self.relu6 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(p=0.0)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096)
        self.relu7 = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(p=0.0)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=num_classes)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv1.weight, self.conv1.bias, stride=4, padding=2)
        x = _ext.relu_pool3x3s2_forward(x)

        x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv2.weight, self.conv2.bias, stride=1, padding=2)
        x = _ext.relu_pool3x3s2_forward(x)

        x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv3.weight, self.conv3.bias, stride=1, padding=1)
        x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)

        x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv4.weight, self.conv4.bias, stride=1, padding=1)
        x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)

        x = F.conv2d(x, self.conv5.weight, self.conv5.bias, stride=1, padding=1)
        x = _ext.relu_pool3x3s2_forward(x)

        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        x = F.linear(x, self.fc1.weight, self.fc1.bias)
        x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)
        x = F.linear(x, self.fc2.weight, self.fc2.bias)
        x = _ext.relu_inplace_forward(x)
        x = F.linear(x, self.fc3.weight, self.fc3.bias)
        return x