gpt-5.5-priority · original · l123_single_gpt
correct 33_VanillaRNN.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
1 / 1
tool calls
1
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
6.85 μs
ref runtime
6.86 μs
speedup
1.00x
started
2026-05-05T02:10:29Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
6.85 μs
ref runtime
6.86 μs
speedup
1.00x
kernel mean / median / std
6.85 / — / 0.03 μs
ref mean / median / std
6.86 / — / 0.03 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
6.26e-06
mean abs error
7.39e-07
max rel error
31.72
mean rel error
6.05e-05
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
6905.19 MB
ref peak
5281.19 MB
kernel / ref
1.31x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
21
ref launches
14
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
0.67x
total cuda time
7167 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
1450.78
ref mJ / run
1692.74
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.17x
avg power
212.23 W
ref avg power
247.14 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
67.2%
compute util %
100.0%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe
FP32
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
2252.23 GB/s
dram util %
67.2%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
110.5%
bottleneck
compute-bound
dominant pipe %
257.8%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
288.4%
ld sectors / req
16.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
789
smem / block
103168 B
block size
640
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
917.1%
short_scoreboard
155.2%
mio_throttle
25.9%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):
        """
        Initialize the Vanilla RNN model.
        
        :param input_size: The number of input features (int).
        :param hidden_size: The size of the hidden state (int).
        :param output_size: The number of output features (int).
        """
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.input_size = input_size
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.output_size = output_size
        self.hidden = torch.randn((batch_size, hidden_size))
        
        # Define the RNN cell components (input to hidden, hidden to hidden, and hidden to output)
        self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)  # Input to hidden
        self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)  # Hidden to output
        self.tanh = nn.Tanh()  # Activation function for hidden state
    
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Forward pass of the Vanilla RNN.
        
        :param x: Input tensor of shape (batch_size, input_size).
        :param hidden: Hidden state tensor of shape (batch_size, hidden_size).
        :return: Output tensor of shape (batch_size, output_size), and the new hidden state.
        """
        if initial_hidden is not None:
            self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)
        self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)
        combined = torch.cat((x, self.hidden), dim=1)  # Concatenate input and hidden state
        self.hidden = self.tanh(self.i2h(combined))  # Update hidden state
        output = self.h2o(self.hidden)  # Compute output
        return output

batch_size = 256
input_size = 16384
hidden_size = 16384
output_size = 8192
sequence_length = 256

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, input_size),torch.rand(batch_size, hidden_size)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [input_size, hidden_size, output_size]
turn 064.8s turn · 64.8s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Evaluating tolerance levels** I need to ensure a tolerance of 1e-4, either absolute or relative. It seems like the TF32 PyTorch default likely uses TF32 for matrix multiplication on Ampere, rather than the exact fp32. If I want precision, I can implement cuBLAS using at::linear, which should yield the same results as expected. I'm just double-checking my options to make sure I understand the implications of the different settings before proceeding.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <vector>\n\nvoid tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor t);\n\nstd::vector<torch::Tensor> rnn_forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x,\n torch::Tensor hidden,\n torch::Tensor w1,\n torch::Tensor b1,\n torch::Tensor w2,\n torch::Tensor b2,\n int64_t input_size) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(hidden.is_cuda(), \"hidden must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(w1.is_cuda() && b1.is_cuda() && w2.is_cuda() && b2.is_cuda(), \"weights must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only fp32 supported\");\n\n // Avoid materializing torch.cat([x, hidden], 1). The reference linear is\n // equivalent to two GEMMs accumulated into the same output. This removes\n // a 256 x 32768 temporary and one full memory pass over it.\n auto wx = w1.narrow(1, 0, input_size);\n auto wh = w1.narrow(1, input_size, w1.size(1) - input_size);\n\n auto hnew = at::addmm(b1, x, wx.t());\n hnew.addmm_(hidden, wh.t(), 1.0, 1.0);\n\n tanh_inplace_cuda(hnew);\n\n auto out = at::addmm(b2, hnew, w2.t());\n return {out, hnew};\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <stdint.h>\n\n__global__ void tanh_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ p, int64_t n) {\n int64_t i = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; i < n; i += stride) {\n p[i] = tanhf(p[i]);\n }\n}\n\nvoid tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor t) {\n const int64_t n = t.numel();\n if (n == 0) return;\n const int threads = 256;\n int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n tanh_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(t.data_ptr<float>(), n);\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"rnn_split_tanh_ext\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"rnn_forward_cuda\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.input_size = input_size\n self.hidden_size = hidden_size\n self.output_size = output_size\n self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))\n self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)\n self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)\n self.tanh = nn.Tanh()\n\n def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:\n if initial_hidden is not None:\n if self.hidden.device != initial_hidden.device:\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(initial_hidden.device)\n self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)\n if self.hidden.device != x.device:\n self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)\n\n # Ensure the common fast path: benchmark inputs and module parameters are\n # contiguous fp32 CUDA tensors. The extension performs all heavy work and\n # returns both the RNN output and the updated hidden state.\n out, hnew = _ext.rnn_forward_cuda(\n x,\n self.hidden,\n self.i2h.weight,\n self.i2h.bias,\n self.h2o.weight,\n self.h2o.bias,\n self.input_size,\n )\n self.hidden = hnew\n return out\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 6.85 μs Runtime stats: mean=6.85μs median=?μs std=0.03μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=6.26e-06 mean_abs_err=7.39e-07 max_rel_err=3.17e+01 Memory: 6905.19 MB peak (ref: 5281.19 MB, ratio: 1.3075x) Kernel launches: 21 (ref: 14, fusion ratio: 0.6667) Energy: 1450.78 mJ/run (ref: 1692.74 mJ, ratio: 1.1668x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (109 lines, 3,813 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline


_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <vector>

void tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor t);

std::vector<torch::Tensor> rnn_forward_cuda(torch::Tensor x,
                                            torch::Tensor hidden,
                                            torch::Tensor w1,
                                            torch::Tensor b1,
                                            torch::Tensor w2,
                                            torch::Tensor b2,
                                            int64_t input_size) {
    TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), "x must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(hidden.is_cuda(), "hidden must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(w1.is_cuda() && b1.is_cuda() && w2.is_cuda() && b2.is_cuda(), "weights must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only fp32 supported");

    // Avoid materializing torch.cat([x, hidden], 1).  The reference linear is
    // equivalent to two GEMMs accumulated into the same output.  This removes
    // a 256 x 32768 temporary and one full memory pass over it.
    auto wx = w1.narrow(1, 0, input_size);
    auto wh = w1.narrow(1, input_size, w1.size(1) - input_size);

    auto hnew = at::addmm(b1, x, wx.t());
    hnew.addmm_(hidden, wh.t(), 1.0, 1.0);

    tanh_inplace_cuda(hnew);

    auto out = at::addmm(b2, hnew, w2.t());
    return {out, hnew};
}
'''

_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>
#include <stdint.h>

__global__ void tanh_inplace_kernel(float* __restrict__ p, int64_t n) {
    int64_t i = (int64_t)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    int64_t stride = (int64_t)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (; i < n; i += stride) {
        p[i] = tanhf(p[i]);
    }
}

void tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor t) {
    const int64_t n = t.numel();
    if (n == 0) return;
    const int threads = 256;
    int blocks = (int)((n + threads - 1) / threads);
    if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;
    tanh_inplace_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(t.data_ptr<float>(), n);
    C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();
}
'''

_ext = load_inline(
    name="rnn_split_tanh_ext",
    cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
    functions=["rnn_forward_cuda"],
    extra_cflags=["-O3"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
    verbose=False,
)


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size: int, hidden_size: int, output_size: int):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.input_size = input_size
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.output_size = output_size
        self.hidden = torch.randn((256, hidden_size))
        self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size)
        self.h2o = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)
        self.tanh = nn.Tanh()

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, initial_hidden=None) -> torch.Tensor:
        if initial_hidden is not None:
            if self.hidden.device != initial_hidden.device:
                self.hidden = self.hidden.to(initial_hidden.device)
            self.hidden.copy_(initial_hidden)
        if self.hidden.device != x.device:
            self.hidden = self.hidden.to(x.device)

        # Ensure the common fast path: benchmark inputs and module parameters are
        # contiguous fp32 CUDA tensors.  The extension performs all heavy work and
        # returns both the RNN output and the updated hidden state.
        out, hnew = _ext.rnn_forward_cuda(
            x,
            self.hidden,
            self.i2h.weight,
            self.i2h.bias,
            self.h2o.weight,
            self.h2o.bias,
            self.input_size,
        )
        self.hidden = hnew
        return out