correct
87_Conv2d_Subtract_Subtract_Mish.py
started
2026-05-05T02:32:13Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
5.89 / — / 0.32 μs
ref mean / median / std
9.32 / — / 0.70 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.43x
energyNVML (pynvml)
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.43x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
6227.06 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Model that performs a convolution, subtracts two values, applies Mish activation.
"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
self.subtract_value_1 = subtract_value_1
self.subtract_value_2 = subtract_value_2
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv(x)
x = x - self.subtract_value_1
x = x - self.subtract_value_2
x = torch.nn.functional.mish(x)
return x
batch_size = 128
in_channels = 8
out_channels = 64
height, width = 256, 256
kernel_size = 3
subtract_value_1 = 0.5
subtract_value_2 = 0.2
def get_inputs():
return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]
def get_init_inputs():
return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2]turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 110.4s turn · 110.4s LLM · 6,015 chars (click to expand)
turn 0110.4s turn · 110.4s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Considering code compilation**
I’m thinking about how the code compilation works. It looks like the .cu files are compiled, but I’m not sure if the binding code in main.cpp requires declarations. If there aren’t any cpp_sources, could it be that the generated includes provide those declarations instead? It’s interesting to figure out how the linking works and what needs to be declared for everything to function properly. Let’s keep this in mind while debugging!
**Considering in-place modifications**
I'm thinking about the function `sub_mish_forward(torch::Tensor x, double s)`. It seems like we can use in-place operations on the convolution’s output to save on memory allocation. This could allow us to transform the output directly, returning the same tensor without needing an extra allocation. I wonder if using in-place is acceptable since the intermediate values aren't visible in the forward semantics. Also, do we really need autograd if we’re running evaluations with no gradients?
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_after_sub(float a, float sub) {\n float y = a - sub;\n // Match torch softplus threshold behavior closely: softplus(y) ~= y for y > 20.\n float sp = (y > 20.0f) ? y : log1pf(expf(y));\n return y * tanhf(sp);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_vec4_kernel(float4* __restrict__ data4,\n long long n4,\n float sub) {\n long long i = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = data4[i];\n v.x = mish_after_sub(v.x, sub);\n v.y = mish_after_sub(v.y, sub);\n v.z = mish_after_sub(v.z, sub);\n v.w = mish_after_sub(v.w, sub);\n data4[i] = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_tail_kernel(float* __restrict__ data,\n long long start,\n long long n,\n float sub) {\n long long i = start + (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (i < n) data[i] = mish_after_sub(data[i], sub);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub) {\n const auto n = (long long)x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return x;\n const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n\n float* ptr = x.data_ptr<float>();\n const float s = static_cast<float>(sub);\n const int threads = 256;\n const long long n4 = n >> 2;\n if (n4 > 0) {\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n sub_mish_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(reinterpret_cast<float4*>(ptr), n4, s);\n }\n const long long tail_start = n4 << 2;\n if (tail_start < n) {\n int blocks = (int)((n - tail_start + threads - 1) / threads);\n sub_mish_tail_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(ptr, tail_start, n, s);\n }\n return x;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"sub_mish_inline_ext\",\n cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],\n cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],\n functions=[\"sub_mish_inplace\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n with_cuda=True,\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Convolution followed by the two scalar subtractions and Mish. The expensive\n convolution remains the same cuDNN-backed Conv2d module so state_dict layout is\n identical to the reference; the three eager pointwise passes are fused into one\n custom CUDA kernel running in-place on the convolution result.\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract_value_1 = subtract_value_1\n self.subtract_value_2 = subtract_value_2\n self._sub_total = float(subtract_value_1) + float(subtract_value_2)\n\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv(x)\n return _ext.sub_mish_inplace(y, self._sub_total)\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 5.89 μs
Runtime stats: mean=5.89μs median=?μs std=0.32μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=4.51e-09 max_rel_err=1.00e+00
Memory: 2305.16 MB peak (ref: 4321.29 MB, ratio: 0.5334x)
Kernel launches: 7 (ref: 10, fusion ratio: 1.4286)
Energy: 1689.56 mJ/run (ref: 2413.72 mJ, ratio: 1.4286x)
SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (101 lines, 3,639 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub);
"""
_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_after_sub(float a, float sub) {
float y = a - sub;
// Match torch softplus threshold behavior closely: softplus(y) ~= y for y > 20.
float sp = (y > 20.0f) ? y : log1pf(expf(y));
return y * tanhf(sp);
}
__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_vec4_kernel(float4* __restrict__ data4,
long long n4,
float sub) {
long long i = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
for (; i < n4; i += stride) {
float4 v = data4[i];
v.x = mish_after_sub(v.x, sub);
v.y = mish_after_sub(v.y, sub);
v.z = mish_after_sub(v.z, sub);
v.w = mish_after_sub(v.w, sub);
data4[i] = v;
}
}
__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_tail_kernel(float* __restrict__ data,
long long start,
long long n,
float sub) {
long long i = start + (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (i < n) data[i] = mish_after_sub(data[i], sub);
}
torch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub) {
const auto n = (long long)x.numel();
if (n == 0) return x;
const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());
cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
float* ptr = x.data_ptr<float>();
const float s = static_cast<float>(sub);
const int threads = 256;
const long long n4 = n >> 2;
if (n4 > 0) {
int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads);
if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;
sub_mish_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(reinterpret_cast<float4*>(ptr), n4, s);
}
const long long tail_start = n4 << 2;
if (tail_start < n) {
int blocks = (int)((n - tail_start + threads - 1) / threads);
sub_mish_tail_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(ptr, tail_start, n, s);
}
return x;
}
"""
_ext = load_inline(
name="sub_mish_inline_ext",
cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],
cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],
functions=["sub_mish_inplace"],
extra_cflags=["-O3"],
extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
with_cuda=True,
verbose=False,
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
"""
Convolution followed by the two scalar subtractions and Mish. The expensive
convolution remains the same cuDNN-backed Conv2d module so state_dict layout is
identical to the reference; the three eager pointwise passes are fused into one
custom CUDA kernel running in-place on the convolution result.
"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
self.subtract_value_1 = subtract_value_1
self.subtract_value_2 = subtract_value_2
self._sub_total = float(subtract_value_1) + float(subtract_value_2)
def forward(self, x):
y = self.conv(x)
return _ext.sub_mish_inplace(y, self._sub_total)