gpt-5.5-priority · original · l123_single_gpt
correct 87_Conv2d_Subtract_Subtract_Mish.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
1 / 1
tool calls
1
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
5.89 μs
ref runtime
9.32 μs
speedup
1.58x
started
2026-05-05T02:32:13Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
5.89 μs
ref runtime
9.32 μs
speedup
1.58x
kernel mean / median / std
5.89 / — / 0.32 μs
ref mean / median / std
9.32 / — / 0.70 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
5.96e-08
mean abs error
4.51e-09
max rel error
1.00
mean rel error
6.30e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
2305.16 MB
ref peak
4321.29 MB
kernel / ref
0.53x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
7
ref launches
10
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.43x
total cuda time
18060 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
1689.56
ref mJ / run
2413.72
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.43x
avg power
288.88 W
ref avg power
279.98 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
7.6%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
6227.06 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
187.9%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
7.6%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
192.6%
ld sectors / req
23.19
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
303
smem / block
36352 B
block size
512
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
3281.0%
short_scoreboard
104.2%
mio_throttle
6.3%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a convolution, subtracts two values, applies Mish activation.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
        self.subtract_value_1 = subtract_value_1
        self.subtract_value_2 = subtract_value_2

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = x - self.subtract_value_1
        x = x - self.subtract_value_2
        x = torch.nn.functional.mish(x)
        return x

batch_size = 128
in_channels = 8
out_channels = 64
height, width = 256, 256
kernel_size = 3
subtract_value_1 = 0.5
subtract_value_2 = 0.2

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2]
turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 110.4s turn · 110.4s LLM · 6,015 chars (click to expand)
turn 0110.4s turn · 110.4s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Considering code compilation** I’m thinking about how the code compilation works. It looks like the .cu files are compiled, but I’m not sure if the binding code in main.cpp requires declarations. If there aren’t any cpp_sources, could it be that the generated includes provide those declarations instead? It’s interesting to figure out how the linking works and what needs to be declared for everything to function properly. Let’s keep this in mind while debugging! **Considering in-place modifications** I'm thinking about the function `sub_mish_forward(torch::Tensor x, double s)`. It seems like we can use in-place operations on the convolution’s output to save on memory allocation. This could allow us to transform the output directly, returning the same tensor without needing an extra allocation. I wonder if using in-place is acceptable since the intermediate values aren't visible in the forward semantics. Also, do we really need autograd if we’re running evaluations with no gradients?
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_after_sub(float a, float sub) {\n float y = a - sub;\n // Match torch softplus threshold behavior closely: softplus(y) ~= y for y > 20.\n float sp = (y > 20.0f) ? y : log1pf(expf(y));\n return y * tanhf(sp);\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_vec4_kernel(float4* __restrict__ data4,\n long long n4,\n float sub) {\n long long i = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;\n for (; i < n4; i += stride) {\n float4 v = data4[i];\n v.x = mish_after_sub(v.x, sub);\n v.y = mish_after_sub(v.y, sub);\n v.z = mish_after_sub(v.z, sub);\n v.w = mish_after_sub(v.w, sub);\n data4[i] = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_tail_kernel(float* __restrict__ data,\n long long start,\n long long n,\n float sub) {\n long long i = start + (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;\n if (i < n) data[i] = mish_after_sub(data[i], sub);\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub) {\n const auto n = (long long)x.numel();\n if (n == 0) return x;\n const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n\n float* ptr = x.data_ptr<float>();\n const float s = static_cast<float>(sub);\n const int threads = 256;\n const long long n4 = n >> 2;\n if (n4 > 0) {\n int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads);\n if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;\n sub_mish_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(reinterpret_cast<float4*>(ptr), n4, s);\n }\n const long long tail_start = n4 << 2;\n if (tail_start < n) {\n int blocks = (int)((n - tail_start + threads - 1) / threads);\n sub_mish_tail_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(ptr, tail_start, n, s);\n }\n return x;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"sub_mish_inline_ext\",\n cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],\n cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],\n functions=[\"sub_mish_inplace\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n with_cuda=True,\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Convolution followed by the two scalar subtractions and Mish. The expensive\n convolution remains the same cuDNN-backed Conv2d module so state_dict layout is\n identical to the reference; the three eager pointwise passes are fused into one\n custom CUDA kernel running in-place on the convolution result.\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)\n self.subtract_value_1 = subtract_value_1\n self.subtract_value_2 = subtract_value_2\n self._sub_total = float(subtract_value_1) + float(subtract_value_2)\n\n def forward(self, x):\n y = self.conv(x)\n return _ext.sub_mish_inplace(y, self._sub_total)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 5.89 μs Runtime stats: mean=5.89μs median=?μs std=0.32μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=5.96e-08 mean_abs_err=4.51e-09 max_rel_err=1.00e+00 Memory: 2305.16 MB peak (ref: 4321.29 MB, ratio: 0.5334x) Kernel launches: 7 (ref: 10, fusion ratio: 1.4286) Energy: 1689.56 mJ/run (ref: 2413.72 mJ, ratio: 1.4286x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (101 lines, 3,639 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>

torch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

__device__ __forceinline__ float mish_after_sub(float a, float sub) {
    float y = a - sub;
    // Match torch softplus threshold behavior closely: softplus(y) ~= y for y > 20.
    float sp = (y > 20.0f) ? y : log1pf(expf(y));
    return y * tanhf(sp);
}

__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_vec4_kernel(float4* __restrict__ data4,
                                                            long long n4,
                                                            float sub) {
    long long i = (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    long long stride = (long long)blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (; i < n4; i += stride) {
        float4 v = data4[i];
        v.x = mish_after_sub(v.x, sub);
        v.y = mish_after_sub(v.y, sub);
        v.z = mish_after_sub(v.z, sub);
        v.w = mish_after_sub(v.w, sub);
        data4[i] = v;
    }
}

__global__ __launch_bounds__(256) void sub_mish_tail_kernel(float* __restrict__ data,
                                                            long long start,
                                                            long long n,
                                                            float sub) {
    long long i = start + (long long)blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    if (i < n) data[i] = mish_after_sub(data[i], sub);
}

torch::Tensor sub_mish_inplace(torch::Tensor x, double sub) {
    const auto n = (long long)x.numel();
    if (n == 0) return x;
    const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(x.device());
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();

    float* ptr = x.data_ptr<float>();
    const float s = static_cast<float>(sub);
    const int threads = 256;
    const long long n4 = n >> 2;
    if (n4 > 0) {
        int blocks = (int)((n4 + threads - 1) / threads);
        if (blocks > 65535) blocks = 65535;
        sub_mish_vec4_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(reinterpret_cast<float4*>(ptr), n4, s);
    }
    const long long tail_start = n4 << 2;
    if (tail_start < n) {
        int blocks = (int)((n - tail_start + threads - 1) / threads);
        sub_mish_tail_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(ptr, tail_start, n, s);
    }
    return x;
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(
    name="sub_mish_inline_ext",
    cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],
    cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],
    functions=["sub_mish_inplace"],
    extra_cflags=["-O3"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
    with_cuda=True,
    verbose=False,
)


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    """
    Convolution followed by the two scalar subtractions and Mish.  The expensive
    convolution remains the same cuDNN-backed Conv2d module so state_dict layout is
    identical to the reference; the three eager pointwise passes are fused into one
    custom CUDA kernel running in-place on the convolution result.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, subtract_value_1, subtract_value_2):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
        self.subtract_value_1 = subtract_value_1
        self.subtract_value_2 = subtract_value_2
        self._sub_total = float(subtract_value_1) + float(subtract_value_2)

    def forward(self, x):
        y = self.conv(x)
        return _ext.sub_mish_inplace(y, self._sub_total)