correct
78_ConvTranspose3d_Max_Max_Sum.py
started
2026-05-05T01:18:04Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
209.00 / — / 0.19 μs
ref mean / median / std
47.40 / — / 0.17 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
20.00x
energyNVML (pynvml)
ratio (ref / kernel)
0.52x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Model that performs a 3D transposed convolution, followed by two max pooling layers and a sum operation.
"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose3d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding)
self.max_pool1 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=2)
self.max_pool2 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=3)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv_transpose(x)
x = self.max_pool1(x)
x = self.max_pool2(x)
x = torch.sum(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
return x
batch_size = 16
in_channels = 32
out_channels = 64
depth, height, width = 32, 32, 32
kernel_size = 5
stride = 2
padding = 2
def get_inputs():
return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, depth, height, width)]
def get_init_inputs():
return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding]turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 100.2s turn · 100.2s LLM · 9,074 chars (click to expand)
turn 0100.2s turn · 100.2s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Considering code optimization**
I’m thinking about how to optimize my code, focusing on an input size of 4000, likely using a red with specific parameters at offset 4000 and length 128. Maybe I should implement dynamic shared memory and consider unrolling loops, possibly with the `#pragma unroll` directive. There might be benefits in precomputing valid LZ combinations, and I should check if I can invert loops to determine the starting point for each DZ. It’s all about efficiency!
**Considering computing optimizations**
I’m thinking about the potential for using the same weight for different local positions, maybe through caching. It seems challenging to manage 216 accumulators per output channels due to their maximum. I need all accumulators, so I wonder if I could store them in shared memory. But that might be too much. Alternatively, reducing the thread block to one warp per output channel could be a better option. I'll keep exploring this!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\n\n// Specialized for the problem dimensions:\n// x: [B,32,32,32,32]\n// wpack: [32,5,5,5,64] (packed from ConvTranspose3d weight [32,64,5,5,5])\n// bias: [64]\n// out: [B,1,10,10,10]\n// The two max-pools combine to a max over a 6x6x6 cube of the transposed-conv output.\n__global__ void fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B)\n{\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* sx = smem; // 32*5*5*5 = 4000 floats\n float* red = smem + 4000; // blockDim.x floats\n\n const int block = blockIdx.x;\n const int n = block / 1000;\n const int rem = block - n * 1000;\n const int oz2 = rem / 100;\n const int rem2 = rem - oz2 * 100;\n const int oy2 = rem2 / 10;\n const int ox2 = rem2 - oy2 * 10;\n\n // For a final pooled cell t, only input coordinates 3*t-1 ... 3*t+3 can contribute.\n const int base_z = oz2 * 3 - 1;\n const int base_y = oy2 * 3 - 1;\n const int base_x = ox2 * 3 - 1;\n\n // Cache the small input tile shared by all output channels for this pooled cell.\n for (int idx = threadIdx.x; idx < 4000; idx += blockDim.x) {\n int t = idx;\n const int lx = t % 5; t /= 5;\n const int ly = t % 5; t /= 5;\n const int lz = t % 5; t /= 5;\n const int ic = t;\n const int iz = base_z + lz;\n const int iy = base_y + ly;\n const int ix = base_x + lx;\n float v = 0.0f;\n if ((unsigned)iz < 32u && (unsigned)iy < 32u && (unsigned)ix < 32u) {\n size_t off = (((size_t)n * 32 + ic) * 32 + iz) * 32 * 32 + (size_t)iy * 32 + ix;\n v = x[off];\n }\n sx[idx] = v;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n float mysum = 0.0f;\n\n // One thread computes the pooled maximum for one output channel.\n if (threadIdx.x < 64) {\n const int oc = threadIdx.x;\n float m = -FLT_MAX;\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int dz = 0; dz < 6; ++dz) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int dy = 0; dy < 6; ++dy) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int dx = 0; dx < 6; ++dx) {\n float acc = bias[oc];\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int ic = 0; ic < 32; ++ic) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int lz = 0; lz < 5; ++lz) {\n const int kd = dz + 4 - 2 * lz;\n if ((unsigned)kd < 5u) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int ly = 0; ly < 5; ++ly) {\n const int kh = dy + 4 - 2 * ly;\n if ((unsigned)kh < 5u) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int lx = 0; lx < 5; ++lx) {\n const int kw = dx + 4 - 2 * lx;\n if ((unsigned)kw < 5u) {\n const float xv = sx[((ic * 5 + lz) * 5 + ly) * 5 + lx];\n const size_t woff = (((((size_t)ic * 5 + kd) * 5 + kh) * 5 + kw) * 64 + oc);\n acc = fmaf(xv, w[woff], acc);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n m = fmaxf(m, acc);\n }\n }\n }\n mysum = m;\n }\n\n red[threadIdx.x] = mysum;\n __syncthreads();\n\n // Sum the 64 channel maxima.\n for (int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (threadIdx.x < stride) red[threadIdx.x] += red[threadIdx.x + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n out[((size_t)n * 1000) + oz2 * 100 + oy2 * 10 + ox2] = red[0];\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(wpack.is_cuda(), \"weight must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), \"bias must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 is supported\");\n const int B = (int)x.size(0);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, 1, 10, 10, 10}, x.options());\n const int threads = 128;\n const int blocks = B * 1000;\n const size_t shmem = (4000 + threads) * sizeof(float);\n fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel<<<blocks, threads, shmem, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n x.data_ptr<float>(), wpack.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"fused_deconv3d_pool_sum_ext_v1\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"fused_forward\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"Fused replacement for ConvTranspose3d -> MaxPool3d(2) -> MaxPool3d(3) -> channel sum.\"\"\"\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose3d(\n in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding\n )\n # Kept for state/module compatibility with the reference (no parameters).\n self.max_pool1 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=2)\n self.max_pool2 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=3)\n self._w_packed = None\n self._w_version = None\n\n def forward(self, x):\n w = self.conv_transpose.weight\n # Pack weights as [IC,KD,KH,KW,OC], so the 64 output-channel threads read coalesced weights.\n ver = w._version\n if (self._w_packed is None or self._w_version != ver or\n self._w_packed.device != w.device or self._w_packed.dtype != w.dtype):\n self._w_packed = w.detach().permute(0, 2, 3, 4, 1).contiguous()\n self._w_version = ver\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self._w_packed, self.conv_transpose.bias)\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 209.00 μs
Runtime stats: mean=209.00μs median=?μs std=0.19μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=3.81e-06 mean_abs_err=6.06e-07 max_rel_err=3.21e-07
Memory: 99.99 MB peak (ref: 1425.79 MB, ratio: 0.0701x)
Kernel launches: 1 (ref: 20, fusion ratio: 20.0)
Energy: 38609.16 mJ/run (ref: 20054.84 mJ, ratio: 0.5194x)
SOL score: 0.0001
final submitted kernel (176 lines, 6,572 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias);
"""
_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <float.h>
// Specialized for the problem dimensions:
// x: [B,32,32,32,32]
// wpack: [32,5,5,5,64] (packed from ConvTranspose3d weight [32,64,5,5,5])
// bias: [64]
// out: [B,1,10,10,10]
// The two max-pools combine to a max over a 6x6x6 cube of the transposed-conv output.
__global__ void fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel(
const float* __restrict__ x,
const float* __restrict__ w,
const float* __restrict__ bias,
float* __restrict__ out,
int B)
{
extern __shared__ float smem[];
float* sx = smem; // 32*5*5*5 = 4000 floats
float* red = smem + 4000; // blockDim.x floats
const int block = blockIdx.x;
const int n = block / 1000;
const int rem = block - n * 1000;
const int oz2 = rem / 100;
const int rem2 = rem - oz2 * 100;
const int oy2 = rem2 / 10;
const int ox2 = rem2 - oy2 * 10;
// For a final pooled cell t, only input coordinates 3*t-1 ... 3*t+3 can contribute.
const int base_z = oz2 * 3 - 1;
const int base_y = oy2 * 3 - 1;
const int base_x = ox2 * 3 - 1;
// Cache the small input tile shared by all output channels for this pooled cell.
for (int idx = threadIdx.x; idx < 4000; idx += blockDim.x) {
int t = idx;
const int lx = t % 5; t /= 5;
const int ly = t % 5; t /= 5;
const int lz = t % 5; t /= 5;
const int ic = t;
const int iz = base_z + lz;
const int iy = base_y + ly;
const int ix = base_x + lx;
float v = 0.0f;
if ((unsigned)iz < 32u && (unsigned)iy < 32u && (unsigned)ix < 32u) {
size_t off = (((size_t)n * 32 + ic) * 32 + iz) * 32 * 32 + (size_t)iy * 32 + ix;
v = x[off];
}
sx[idx] = v;
}
__syncthreads();
float mysum = 0.0f;
// One thread computes the pooled maximum for one output channel.
if (threadIdx.x < 64) {
const int oc = threadIdx.x;
float m = -FLT_MAX;
#pragma unroll
for (int dz = 0; dz < 6; ++dz) {
#pragma unroll
for (int dy = 0; dy < 6; ++dy) {
#pragma unroll
for (int dx = 0; dx < 6; ++dx) {
float acc = bias[oc];
#pragma unroll
for (int ic = 0; ic < 32; ++ic) {
#pragma unroll
for (int lz = 0; lz < 5; ++lz) {
const int kd = dz + 4 - 2 * lz;
if ((unsigned)kd < 5u) {
#pragma unroll
for (int ly = 0; ly < 5; ++ly) {
const int kh = dy + 4 - 2 * ly;
if ((unsigned)kh < 5u) {
#pragma unroll
for (int lx = 0; lx < 5; ++lx) {
const int kw = dx + 4 - 2 * lx;
if ((unsigned)kw < 5u) {
const float xv = sx[((ic * 5 + lz) * 5 + ly) * 5 + lx];
const size_t woff = (((((size_t)ic * 5 + kd) * 5 + kh) * 5 + kw) * 64 + oc);
acc = fmaf(xv, w[woff], acc);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
m = fmaxf(m, acc);
}
}
}
mysum = m;
}
red[threadIdx.x] = mysum;
__syncthreads();
// Sum the 64 channel maxima.
for (int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {
if (threadIdx.x < stride) red[threadIdx.x] += red[threadIdx.x + stride];
__syncthreads();
}
if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
out[((size_t)n * 1000) + oz2 * 100 + oy2 * 10 + ox2] = red[0];
}
}
torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias) {
TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), "x must be CUDA");
TORCH_CHECK(wpack.is_cuda(), "weight must be CUDA");
TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), "bias must be CUDA");
TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 is supported");
const int B = (int)x.size(0);
auto out = torch::empty({B, 1, 10, 10, 10}, x.options());
const int threads = 128;
const int blocks = B * 1000;
const size_t shmem = (4000 + threads) * sizeof(float);
fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel<<<blocks, threads, shmem, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(
x.data_ptr<float>(), wpack.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B);
return out;
}
"""
_ext = load_inline(
name="fused_deconv3d_pool_sum_ext_v1",
cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
functions=["fused_forward"],
extra_cflags=["-O3"],
extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
verbose=False,
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
"""Fused replacement for ConvTranspose3d -> MaxPool3d(2) -> MaxPool3d(3) -> channel sum."""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose3d(
in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding
)
# Kept for state/module compatibility with the reference (no parameters).
self.max_pool1 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=2)
self.max_pool2 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=3)
self._w_packed = None
self._w_version = None
def forward(self, x):
w = self.conv_transpose.weight
# Pack weights as [IC,KD,KH,KW,OC], so the 64 output-channel threads read coalesced weights.
ver = w._version
if (self._w_packed is None or self._w_version != ver or
self._w_packed.device != w.device or self._w_packed.dtype != w.dtype):
self._w_packed = w.detach().permute(0, 2, 3, 4, 1).contiguous()
self._w_version = ver
return _ext.fused_forward(x, self._w_packed, self.conv_transpose.bias)