gpt-5.5-priority · original · l123_single_gpt
correct 78_ConvTranspose3d_Max_Max_Sum.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
1 / 1
tool calls
1
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
209.00 μs
ref runtime
47.40 μs
speedup
0.23x
started
2026-05-05T01:18:04Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
209.00 μs
ref runtime
47.40 μs
speedup
0.23x
kernel mean / median / std
209.00 / — / 0.19 μs
ref mean / median / std
47.40 / — / 0.17 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
3.81e-06
mean abs error
6.06e-07
max rel error
3.21e-07
mean rel error
4.88e-08
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
99.99 MB
ref peak
1425.79 MB
kernel / ref
0.07x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
1
ref launches
20
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
20.00x
total cuda time
29 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
38609.16
ref mJ / run
20054.84
ratio (ref / kernel)
0.52x
avg power
185.75 W
ref avg power
423.26 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000e-04
dram util %
0.0%
compute util %
0.0%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe
None
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
0.35 GB/s
dram util %
0.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
81.0%
bottleneck
unknown
dominant pipe %
—
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
20.00
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
100.0%
ld sectors / req
4.00
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
32
smem / block
17536 B
block size
128
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
3005.1%
mio_throttle
2.7%
short_scoreboard
2.2%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a 3D transposed convolution, followed by two max pooling layers and a sum operation.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose3d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding)
        self.max_pool1 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=2)
        self.max_pool2 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=3)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv_transpose(x)
        x = self.max_pool1(x)
        x = self.max_pool2(x)
        x = torch.sum(x, dim=1, keepdim=True) 
        return x

batch_size = 16
in_channels = 32
out_channels = 64
depth, height, width = 32, 32, 32
kernel_size = 5
stride = 2
padding = 2

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, depth, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding]
turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 100.2s turn · 100.2s LLM · 9,074 chars (click to expand)
turn 0100.2s turn · 100.2s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Considering code optimization** I’m thinking about how to optimize my code, focusing on an input size of 4000, likely using a red with specific parameters at offset 4000 and length 128. Maybe I should implement dynamic shared memory and consider unrolling loops, possibly with the `#pragma unroll` directive. There might be benefits in precomputing valid LZ combinations, and I should check if I can invert loops to determine the starting point for each DZ. It’s all about efficiency! **Considering computing optimizations** I’m thinking about the potential for using the same weight for different local positions, maybe through caching. It seems challenging to manage 216 accumulators per output channels due to their maximum. I need all accumulators, so I wonder if I could store them in shared memory. But that might be too much. Alternatively, reducing the thread block to one warp per output channel could be a better option. I'll keep exploring this!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n#include <float.h>\n\n// Specialized for the problem dimensions:\n// x: [B,32,32,32,32]\n// wpack: [32,5,5,5,64] (packed from ConvTranspose3d weight [32,64,5,5,5])\n// bias: [64]\n// out: [B,1,10,10,10]\n// The two max-pools combine to a max over a 6x6x6 cube of the transposed-conv output.\n__global__ void fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel(\n const float* __restrict__ x,\n const float* __restrict__ w,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n float* __restrict__ out,\n int B)\n{\n extern __shared__ float smem[];\n float* sx = smem; // 32*5*5*5 = 4000 floats\n float* red = smem + 4000; // blockDim.x floats\n\n const int block = blockIdx.x;\n const int n = block / 1000;\n const int rem = block - n * 1000;\n const int oz2 = rem / 100;\n const int rem2 = rem - oz2 * 100;\n const int oy2 = rem2 / 10;\n const int ox2 = rem2 - oy2 * 10;\n\n // For a final pooled cell t, only input coordinates 3*t-1 ... 3*t+3 can contribute.\n const int base_z = oz2 * 3 - 1;\n const int base_y = oy2 * 3 - 1;\n const int base_x = ox2 * 3 - 1;\n\n // Cache the small input tile shared by all output channels for this pooled cell.\n for (int idx = threadIdx.x; idx < 4000; idx += blockDim.x) {\n int t = idx;\n const int lx = t % 5; t /= 5;\n const int ly = t % 5; t /= 5;\n const int lz = t % 5; t /= 5;\n const int ic = t;\n const int iz = base_z + lz;\n const int iy = base_y + ly;\n const int ix = base_x + lx;\n float v = 0.0f;\n if ((unsigned)iz < 32u && (unsigned)iy < 32u && (unsigned)ix < 32u) {\n size_t off = (((size_t)n * 32 + ic) * 32 + iz) * 32 * 32 + (size_t)iy * 32 + ix;\n v = x[off];\n }\n sx[idx] = v;\n }\n __syncthreads();\n\n float mysum = 0.0f;\n\n // One thread computes the pooled maximum for one output channel.\n if (threadIdx.x < 64) {\n const int oc = threadIdx.x;\n float m = -FLT_MAX;\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int dz = 0; dz < 6; ++dz) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int dy = 0; dy < 6; ++dy) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int dx = 0; dx < 6; ++dx) {\n float acc = bias[oc];\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int ic = 0; ic < 32; ++ic) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int lz = 0; lz < 5; ++lz) {\n const int kd = dz + 4 - 2 * lz;\n if ((unsigned)kd < 5u) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int ly = 0; ly < 5; ++ly) {\n const int kh = dy + 4 - 2 * ly;\n if ((unsigned)kh < 5u) {\n #pragma unroll\n for (int lx = 0; lx < 5; ++lx) {\n const int kw = dx + 4 - 2 * lx;\n if ((unsigned)kw < 5u) {\n const float xv = sx[((ic * 5 + lz) * 5 + ly) * 5 + lx];\n const size_t woff = (((((size_t)ic * 5 + kd) * 5 + kh) * 5 + kw) * 64 + oc);\n acc = fmaf(xv, w[woff], acc);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n }\n m = fmaxf(m, acc);\n }\n }\n }\n mysum = m;\n }\n\n red[threadIdx.x] = mysum;\n __syncthreads();\n\n // Sum the 64 channel maxima.\n for (int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {\n if (threadIdx.x < stride) red[threadIdx.x] += red[threadIdx.x + stride];\n __syncthreads();\n }\n\n if (threadIdx.x == 0) {\n out[((size_t)n * 1000) + oz2 * 100 + oy2 * 10 + ox2] = red[0];\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias) {\n TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), \"x must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(wpack.is_cuda(), \"weight must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), \"bias must be CUDA\");\n TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 is supported\");\n const int B = (int)x.size(0);\n auto out = torch::empty({B, 1, 10, 10, 10}, x.options());\n const int threads = 128;\n const int blocks = B * 1000;\n const size_t shmem = (4000 + threads) * sizeof(float);\n fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel<<<blocks, threads, shmem, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(\n x.data_ptr<float>(), wpack.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B);\n return out;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"fused_deconv3d_pool_sum_ext_v1\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"fused_forward\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"Fused replacement for ConvTranspose3d -> MaxPool3d(2) -> MaxPool3d(3) -> channel sum.\"\"\"\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose3d(\n in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding\n )\n # Kept for state/module compatibility with the reference (no parameters).\n self.max_pool1 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=2)\n self.max_pool2 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=3)\n self._w_packed = None\n self._w_version = None\n\n def forward(self, x):\n w = self.conv_transpose.weight\n # Pack weights as [IC,KD,KH,KW,OC], so the 64 output-channel threads read coalesced weights.\n ver = w._version\n if (self._w_packed is None or self._w_version != ver or\n self._w_packed.device != w.device or self._w_packed.dtype != w.dtype):\n self._w_packed = w.detach().permute(0, 2, 3, 4, 1).contiguous()\n self._w_version = ver\n return _ext.fused_forward(x, self._w_packed, self.conv_transpose.bias)\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 209.00 μs Runtime stats: mean=209.00μs median=?μs std=0.19μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=3.81e-06 mean_abs_err=6.06e-07 max_rel_err=3.21e-07 Memory: 99.99 MB peak (ref: 1425.79 MB, ratio: 0.0701x) Kernel launches: 1 (ref: 20, fusion ratio: 20.0) Energy: 38609.16 mJ/run (ref: 20054.84 mJ, ratio: 0.5194x) SOL score: 0.0001
final submitted kernel (176 lines, 6,572 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline

_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>

torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <float.h>

// Specialized for the problem dimensions:
// x:     [B,32,32,32,32]
// wpack: [32,5,5,5,64]  (packed from ConvTranspose3d weight [32,64,5,5,5])
// bias:  [64]
// out:   [B,1,10,10,10]
// The two max-pools combine to a max over a 6x6x6 cube of the transposed-conv output.
__global__ void fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel(
    const float* __restrict__ x,
    const float* __restrict__ w,
    const float* __restrict__ bias,
    float* __restrict__ out,
    int B)
{
    extern __shared__ float smem[];
    float* sx = smem;              // 32*5*5*5 = 4000 floats
    float* red = smem + 4000;      // blockDim.x floats

    const int block = blockIdx.x;
    const int n = block / 1000;
    const int rem = block - n * 1000;
    const int oz2 = rem / 100;
    const int rem2 = rem - oz2 * 100;
    const int oy2 = rem2 / 10;
    const int ox2 = rem2 - oy2 * 10;

    // For a final pooled cell t, only input coordinates 3*t-1 ... 3*t+3 can contribute.
    const int base_z = oz2 * 3 - 1;
    const int base_y = oy2 * 3 - 1;
    const int base_x = ox2 * 3 - 1;

    // Cache the small input tile shared by all output channels for this pooled cell.
    for (int idx = threadIdx.x; idx < 4000; idx += blockDim.x) {
        int t = idx;
        const int lx = t % 5; t /= 5;
        const int ly = t % 5; t /= 5;
        const int lz = t % 5; t /= 5;
        const int ic = t;
        const int iz = base_z + lz;
        const int iy = base_y + ly;
        const int ix = base_x + lx;
        float v = 0.0f;
        if ((unsigned)iz < 32u && (unsigned)iy < 32u && (unsigned)ix < 32u) {
            size_t off = (((size_t)n * 32 + ic) * 32 + iz) * 32 * 32 + (size_t)iy * 32 + ix;
            v = x[off];
        }
        sx[idx] = v;
    }
    __syncthreads();

    float mysum = 0.0f;

    // One thread computes the pooled maximum for one output channel.
    if (threadIdx.x < 64) {
        const int oc = threadIdx.x;
        float m = -FLT_MAX;

        #pragma unroll
        for (int dz = 0; dz < 6; ++dz) {
            #pragma unroll
            for (int dy = 0; dy < 6; ++dy) {
                #pragma unroll
                for (int dx = 0; dx < 6; ++dx) {
                    float acc = bias[oc];

                    #pragma unroll
                    for (int ic = 0; ic < 32; ++ic) {
                        #pragma unroll
                        for (int lz = 0; lz < 5; ++lz) {
                            const int kd = dz + 4 - 2 * lz;
                            if ((unsigned)kd < 5u) {
                                #pragma unroll
                                for (int ly = 0; ly < 5; ++ly) {
                                    const int kh = dy + 4 - 2 * ly;
                                    if ((unsigned)kh < 5u) {
                                        #pragma unroll
                                        for (int lx = 0; lx < 5; ++lx) {
                                            const int kw = dx + 4 - 2 * lx;
                                            if ((unsigned)kw < 5u) {
                                                const float xv = sx[((ic * 5 + lz) * 5 + ly) * 5 + lx];
                                                const size_t woff = (((((size_t)ic * 5 + kd) * 5 + kh) * 5 + kw) * 64 + oc);
                                                acc = fmaf(xv, w[woff], acc);
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    m = fmaxf(m, acc);
                }
            }
        }
        mysum = m;
    }

    red[threadIdx.x] = mysum;
    __syncthreads();

    // Sum the 64 channel maxima.
    for (int stride = blockDim.x >> 1; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {
        if (threadIdx.x < stride) red[threadIdx.x] += red[threadIdx.x + stride];
        __syncthreads();
    }

    if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
        out[((size_t)n * 1000) + oz2 * 100 + oy2 * 10 + ox2] = red[0];
    }
}

torch::Tensor fused_forward(torch::Tensor x, torch::Tensor wpack, torch::Tensor bias) {
    TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), "x must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(wpack.is_cuda(), "weight must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), "bias must be CUDA");
    TORCH_CHECK(x.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 is supported");
    const int B = (int)x.size(0);
    auto out = torch::empty({B, 1, 10, 10, 10}, x.options());
    const int threads = 128;
    const int blocks = B * 1000;
    const size_t shmem = (4000 + threads) * sizeof(float);
    fused_deconv_pool_sum_kernel<<<blocks, threads, shmem, at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream()>>>(
        x.data_ptr<float>(), wpack.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), out.data_ptr<float>(), B);
    return out;
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(
    name="fused_deconv3d_pool_sum_ext_v1",
    cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
    functions=["fused_forward"],
    extra_cflags=["-O3"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
    verbose=False,
)


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    """Fused replacement for ConvTranspose3d -> MaxPool3d(2) -> MaxPool3d(3) -> channel sum."""
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose3d(
            in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding
        )
        # Kept for state/module compatibility with the reference (no parameters).
        self.max_pool1 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=2)
        self.max_pool2 = nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=3)
        self._w_packed = None
        self._w_version = None

    def forward(self, x):
        w = self.conv_transpose.weight
        # Pack weights as [IC,KD,KH,KW,OC], so the 64 output-channel threads read coalesced weights.
        ver = w._version
        if (self._w_packed is None or self._w_version != ver or
                self._w_packed.device != w.device or self._w_packed.dtype != w.dtype):
            self._w_packed = w.detach().permute(0, 2, 3, 4, 1).contiguous()
            self._w_version = ver
        return _ext.fused_forward(x, self._w_packed, self.conv_transpose.bias)