correct
5_ConvTranspose2d_Subtract_Tanh.py
started
2026-05-05T00:27:53Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
8.52 / — / 1.03 μs
ref mean / median / std
9.30 / — / 0.20 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
1.29x
energyNVML (pynvml)
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.43x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
14296.04 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Model that performs a transposed convolution, subtracts a bias term, and applies tanh activation.
"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape, stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv_transpose(x)
x = x - self.bias
x = torch.tanh(x)
return x
batch_size = 32
in_channels = 64
out_channels = 64
height = width = 256
kernel_size = 4
bias_shape = (out_channels, 1, 1)
def get_inputs():
return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]
def get_init_inputs():
return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape]turn 090.5s turn · 90.5s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Evaluating weight layout**
I'm considering the weight layout for the dimensions given: weight[ci, co, ky, kx] with settings [64, 64, 4, 4]. It seems kx is contiguous, but with co having a stride of 16, it could pose a problem. When fixed values for ci, ky, and kx are used with a varying co, it looks like the weights aren't coalesced which is not ideal. Hmm, I'm wondering if reordering could help improve this situation.
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n_cpp_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/ATen.h>\n#include <ATen/ops/conv_transpose2d.h>\n#include <vector>\n\ntorch::Tensor bias_tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);\n\ntorch::Tensor forward(torch::Tensor x,\n torch::Tensor weight,\n torch::Tensor conv_bias,\n torch::Tensor bias,\n int64_t stride,\n int64_t padding,\n int64_t output_padding) {\n std::vector<int64_t> st{stride, stride};\n std::vector<int64_t> pad{padding, padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> outpad{output_padding, output_padding};\n std::vector<int64_t> dil{1, 1};\n\n auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, weight, conv_bias, st, pad, outpad, 1, dil);\n return bias_tanh_inplace_cuda(y, bias);\n}\n'''\n\n_cuda_src = r'''\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\n#ifndef CHECK_CUDA\n#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x \" must be a CUDA tensor\")\n#endif\n#ifndef CHECK_CONTIGUOUS\n#define CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_contiguous(), #x \" must be contiguous\")\n#endif\n\nstatic constexpr int BLOCK = 256;\nstatic constexpr int ITEMS = 4;\n\n__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ b,\n long long hw,\n int channels) {\n const int plane = blockIdx.y; // n*C + c\n const int c = plane % channels;\n const float bv = __ldg(b + c);\n const long long base = ((long long)plane) * hw +\n ((long long)blockIdx.x) * (BLOCK * ITEMS) + threadIdx.x;\n\n #pragma unroll\n for (int i = 0; i < ITEMS; ++i) {\n long long off = base + (long long)i * BLOCK;\n if (off < ((long long)plane + 1LL) * hw) {\n float v = y[off] - bv;\n y[off] = tanhf(v);\n }\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor bias_tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {\n CHECK_CUDA(y);\n CHECK_CUDA(bias);\n CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(y);\n CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(bias);\n TORCH_CHECK(y.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 is supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 bias is supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(y.dim() == 4, \"expected NCHW output\");\n\n const int64_t n = y.size(0);\n const int64_t c = y.size(1);\n const int64_t h = y.size(2);\n const int64_t w = y.size(3);\n const long long hw = (long long)h * (long long)w;\n const dim3 block(BLOCK);\n const dim3 grid((unsigned int)((hw + BLOCK * ITEMS - 1) / (BLOCK * ITEMS)),\n (unsigned int)(n * c));\n\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, (int)c);\n return y;\n}\n'''\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"convtrans_bias_tanh_fused_ext_v1\",\n cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],\n cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],\n functions=[\"forward\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\ndef _as_int(v):\n if isinstance(v, tuple) or isinstance(v, list):\n return int(v[0])\n return int(v)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape,\n stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(\n in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size,\n stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding\n )\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self._stride_i = _as_int(stride)\n self._padding_i = _as_int(padding)\n self._output_padding_i = _as_int(output_padding)\n\n def forward(self, x):\n return _ext.forward(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias,\n self.bias, self._stride_i, self._padding_i,\n self._output_padding_i)\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 8.52 μs
Runtime stats: mean=8.52μs median=?μs std=1.03μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
Memory: 5169.77 MB peak (ref: 5169.77 MB, ratio: 1.0x)
Kernel launches: 7 (ref: 9, fusion ratio: 1.2857)
Energy: 1694.74 mJ/run (ref: 2420.46 mJ, ratio: 1.4282x)
SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (124 lines, 4,133 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/ATen.h>
#include <ATen/ops/conv_transpose2d.h>
#include <vector>
torch::Tensor bias_tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias);
torch::Tensor forward(torch::Tensor x,
torch::Tensor weight,
torch::Tensor conv_bias,
torch::Tensor bias,
int64_t stride,
int64_t padding,
int64_t output_padding) {
std::vector<int64_t> st{stride, stride};
std::vector<int64_t> pad{padding, padding};
std::vector<int64_t> outpad{output_padding, output_padding};
std::vector<int64_t> dil{1, 1};
auto y = at::conv_transpose2d(x, weight, conv_bias, st, pad, outpad, 1, dil);
return bias_tanh_inplace_cuda(y, bias);
}
'''
_cuda_src = r'''
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#ifndef CHECK_CUDA
#define CHECK_CUDA(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_cuda(), #x " must be a CUDA tensor")
#endif
#ifndef CHECK_CONTIGUOUS
#define CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(x) TORCH_CHECK(x.is_contiguous(), #x " must be contiguous")
#endif
static constexpr int BLOCK = 256;
static constexpr int ITEMS = 4;
__global__ void bias_tanh_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,
const float* __restrict__ b,
long long hw,
int channels) {
const int plane = blockIdx.y; // n*C + c
const int c = plane % channels;
const float bv = __ldg(b + c);
const long long base = ((long long)plane) * hw +
((long long)blockIdx.x) * (BLOCK * ITEMS) + threadIdx.x;
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < ITEMS; ++i) {
long long off = base + (long long)i * BLOCK;
if (off < ((long long)plane + 1LL) * hw) {
float v = y[off] - bv;
y[off] = tanhf(v);
}
}
}
torch::Tensor bias_tanh_inplace_cuda(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias) {
CHECK_CUDA(y);
CHECK_CUDA(bias);
CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(y);
CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(bias);
TORCH_CHECK(y.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 is supported");
TORCH_CHECK(bias.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 bias is supported");
TORCH_CHECK(y.dim() == 4, "expected NCHW output");
const int64_t n = y.size(0);
const int64_t c = y.size(1);
const int64_t h = y.size(2);
const int64_t w = y.size(3);
const long long hw = (long long)h * (long long)w;
const dim3 block(BLOCK);
const dim3 grid((unsigned int)((hw + BLOCK * ITEMS - 1) / (BLOCK * ITEMS)),
(unsigned int)(n * c));
cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
bias_tanh_kernel<<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, (int)c);
return y;
}
'''
_ext = load_inline(
name="convtrans_bias_tanh_fused_ext_v1",
cpp_sources=[_cpp_src],
cuda_sources=[_cuda_src],
functions=["forward"],
extra_cflags=["-O3"],
extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3"],
verbose=False,
)
def _as_int(v):
if isinstance(v, tuple) or isinstance(v, list):
return int(v[0])
return int(v)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, bias_shape,
stride=2, padding=1, output_padding=1):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(
in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size,
stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding
)
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
self._stride_i = _as_int(stride)
self._padding_i = _as_int(padding)
self._output_padding_i = _as_int(output_padding)
def forward(self, x):
return _ext.forward(x, self.conv_transpose.weight, self.conv_transpose.bias,
self.bias, self._stride_i, self._padding_i,
self._output_padding_i)