gpt-5.5-priority · original · l123_single_gpt
correct 2_ConvTranspose2d_BiasAdd_Clamp_Scaling_Clamp_Divide.py
model
gpt-5.5-priority
turns / max
1 / 1
tool calls
1
tokens (total)
0
wall clock
—
truncated
no
backend
cuda fp32
variant
original
runtime
6.83 μs
ref runtime
13.20 μs
speedup
1.93x
started
2026-05-05T00:47:00Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel runtime
6.83 μs
ref runtime
13.20 μs
speedup
1.93x
kernel mean / median / std
6.83 / — / 0.80 μs
ref mean / median / std
13.20 / — / 4.82 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
max abs error
0.00
mean abs error
0.00
max rel error
0.00
mean rel error
0.00
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel peak
5153.42 MB
ref peak
5153.42 MB
kernel / ref
1.00x
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
kernel launches
7
ref launches
14
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
2.00x
total cuda time
21386 μs
energyNVML (pynvml)
kernel mJ / run
1200.68
ref mJ / run
1437.76
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.20x
avg power
177.78 W
ref avg power
112.91 W
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
SOL score (0–1)
1.000
dram util %
100.0%
compute util %
25.7%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe
tensor-core
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
13648.61 GB/s
dram util %
100.0%
fp32 tflops
—
fp32 util %
—
fp16 tflops
—
occupancy %
403.2%
bottleneck
memory-bound
dominant pipe %
25.7%
arithmetic intensity
—
ridge point
295.22
L1 hit %
—
L2 hit %
354.6%
ld sectors / req
28.27
st sectors / req
—
regs / thread
298
smem / block
251264 B
block size
1536
peak bw
3350.00 GB/s
peak fp32 tflops
67.00
peak fp16 tflops
1979.00
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
long_scoreboard
21634.0%
short_scoreboard
542.1%
mio_throttle
49.8%
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    Model that performs a transposed convolution, adds a bias term, clamps, scales, clamps, and divides.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)
        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape)) 
        self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv_transpose(x)
        x = x + self.bias
        x = torch.clamp(x, min=0.0, max=1.0)
        x = x * self.scaling_factor
        x = torch.clamp(x, min=0.0, max=1.0)
        x = x / self.scaling_factor
        return x

batch_size = 128
in_channels  = 64  
out_channels = 64  
height = width = 128 
kernel_size = 3
stride = 2
padding = 1
output_padding = 1
bias_shape = (out_channels, 1, 1)
scaling_factor = 2.0

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor]
turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 55.4s turn · 55.4s LLM · 7,323 chars (click to expand)
turn 055.4s turn · 55.4s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Evaluating compilation needs** Since I’m not receiving any feedback, it seems safer to rely on cuDNN for core functions and the epilogue fusion. I need to compile the extension carefully. I think using a C++/CUDA kernel for the epilogue is the way to go. Python does include torch.nn modules, but I should ensure that everything is set up correctly. I’m trying to make sure these components work seamlessly together! **Evaluating data vectorization** I'm considering how vectorization can help with a total size of 2GB. It seems like breaking data down into vectors could optimize processing and storage, which is particularly useful as data volumes grow. I’d want to explore the details of this approach, like the methods for effective vectorization and any potential limitations. Let's think about how I can apply this knowledge to help improve the overall performance or efficiency!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel { "kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\nstatic __device__ __forceinline__ float post_op(float v, float b, float s) {\n v += b;\n // torch.clamp(v, 0, 1), preserving NaNs (comparisons with NaN are false)\n v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;\n v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;\n v = v * s;\n v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;\n v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;\n v = v / s;\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_vec4_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n long long hw,\n int C,\n float s) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n float b = bias[c];\n long long base = (long long)nc * hw;\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + base);\n long long n4 = hw >> 2;\n\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < n4; i += blockDim.x) {\n float4 v = y4[i];\n v.x = post_op(v.x, b, s);\n v.y = post_op(v.y, b, s);\n v.z = post_op(v.z, b, s);\n v.w = post_op(v.w, b, s);\n y4[i] = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void post_scalar_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n long long hw,\n int C,\n float s) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n float b = bias[c];\n long long base = (long long)nc * hw;\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < hw; i += blockDim.x) {\n y[base + i] = post_op(y[base + i], b, s);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor) {\n const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(y.device());\n TORCH_CHECK(y.is_cuda(), \"y must be a CUDA tensor\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), \"bias must be a CUDA tensor\");\n TORCH_CHECK(y.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 is supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 bias is supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(y.is_contiguous(), \"y must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_contiguous(), \"bias must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(y.dim() == 4, \"y must be NCHW\");\n\n int N = (int)y.size(0);\n int C = (int)y.size(1);\n long long H = (long long)y.size(2);\n long long W = (long long)y.size(3);\n long long hw = H * W;\n int nc = N * C;\n if (nc == 0 || hw == 0) return y;\n\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n float s = (float)scaling_factor;\n\n if ((hw & 3LL) == 0) {\n post_vec4_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);\n } else {\n post_scalar_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);\n }\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"fused_deconv_postprocess_ext_v1\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"fused_deconv_postprocess\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Same module as the reference. The transposed convolution is computed by\n cuDNN/PyTorch, and the following bias/add/clamp/scale/clamp/divide chain is\n fused into one custom CUDA pass over the large output tensor.\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(\n in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size,\n stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding\n )\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor\n self._stride = stride\n self._padding = padding\n self._output_padding = output_padding\n\n def forward(self, x):\n y = F.conv_transpose2d(\n x,\n self.conv_transpose.weight,\n self.conv_transpose.bias,\n stride=self.conv_transpose.stride,\n padding=self.conv_transpose.padding,\n output_padding=self.conv_transpose.output_padding,\n groups=self.conv_transpose.groups,\n dilation=self.conv_transpose.dilation,\n )\n return _ext.fused_deconv_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))\n" }
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed. Kernel runtime: 6.83 μs Runtime stats: mean=6.83μs median=?μs std=0.80μs Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00 Memory: 5153.42 MB peak (ref: 5153.42 MB, ratio: 1.0x) Kernel launches: 7 (ref: 14, fusion ratio: 2.0) Energy: 1200.68 mJ/run (ref: 1437.76 mJ, ratio: 1.1975x) SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (144 lines, 4,914 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline


_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>

torch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor);
"""

_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

static __device__ __forceinline__ float post_op(float v, float b, float s) {
    v += b;
    // torch.clamp(v, 0, 1), preserving NaNs (comparisons with NaN are false)
    v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;
    v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;
    v = v * s;
    v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;
    v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;
    v = v / s;
    return v;
}

__global__ void post_vec4_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,
                                 const float* __restrict__ bias,
                                 long long hw,
                                 int C,
                                 float s) {
    int nc = blockIdx.x;
    int c = nc % C;
    float b = bias[c];
    long long base = (long long)nc * hw;
    float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + base);
    long long n4 = hw >> 2;

    for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < n4; i += blockDim.x) {
        float4 v = y4[i];
        v.x = post_op(v.x, b, s);
        v.y = post_op(v.y, b, s);
        v.z = post_op(v.z, b, s);
        v.w = post_op(v.w, b, s);
        y4[i] = v;
    }
}

__global__ void post_scalar_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,
                                   const float* __restrict__ bias,
                                   long long hw,
                                   int C,
                                   float s) {
    int nc = blockIdx.x;
    int c = nc % C;
    float b = bias[c];
    long long base = (long long)nc * hw;
    for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < hw; i += blockDim.x) {
        y[base + i] = post_op(y[base + i], b, s);
    }
}

torch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor) {
    const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(y.device());
    TORCH_CHECK(y.is_cuda(), "y must be a CUDA tensor");
    TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), "bias must be a CUDA tensor");
    TORCH_CHECK(y.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 is supported");
    TORCH_CHECK(bias.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 bias is supported");
    TORCH_CHECK(y.is_contiguous(), "y must be contiguous");
    TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_contiguous(), "bias must be contiguous");
    TORCH_CHECK(y.dim() == 4, "y must be NCHW");

    int N = (int)y.size(0);
    int C = (int)y.size(1);
    long long H = (long long)y.size(2);
    long long W = (long long)y.size(3);
    long long hw = H * W;
    int nc = N * C;
    if (nc == 0 || hw == 0) return y;

    const int threads = 256;
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    float s = (float)scaling_factor;

    if ((hw & 3LL) == 0) {
        post_vec4_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(
            y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);
    } else {
        post_scalar_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(
            y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);
    }
    C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();
    return y;
}
"""

_ext = load_inline(
    name="fused_deconv_postprocess_ext_v1",
    cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
    cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
    functions=["fused_deconv_postprocess"],
    extra_cflags=["-O3"],
    extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
    verbose=False,
)


class ModelNew(nn.Module):
    """
    Same module as the reference.  The transposed convolution is computed by
    cuDNN/PyTorch, and the following bias/add/clamp/scale/clamp/divide chain is
    fused into one custom CUDA pass over the large output tensor.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):
        super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
        self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(
            in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size,
            stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding
        )
        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
        self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor
        self._stride = stride
        self._padding = padding
        self._output_padding = output_padding

    def forward(self, x):
        y = F.conv_transpose2d(
            x,
            self.conv_transpose.weight,
            self.conv_transpose.bias,
            stride=self.conv_transpose.stride,
            padding=self.conv_transpose.padding,
            output_padding=self.conv_transpose.output_padding,
            groups=self.conv_transpose.groups,
            dilation=self.conv_transpose.dilation,
        )
        return _ext.fused_deconv_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))