correct
2_ConvTranspose2d_BiasAdd_Clamp_Scaling_Clamp_Divide.py
started
2026-05-05T00:47:00Z
timingkernelbench.timing
kernel mean / median / std
6.83 / — / 0.80 μs
ref mean / median / std
13.20 / — / 4.82 μs
numerical precisioneval_kernel_against_ref
gpu memoryextended_metrics.measure_memory
kernel launches / fusiontorch.profiler
fusion ratio (ref / kernel)
2.00x
energyNVML (pynvml)
ratio (ref / kernel)
1.20x
SOL (speed-of-light)nsight_hardware_counters
roofline / occupancynsight_hardware_counters
dram bandwidth
13648.61 GB/s
warp stalls (top 5)nsight
reference PyTorch source (the prompt the agent sees)
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Model(nn.Module):
"""
Model that performs a transposed convolution, adds a bias term, clamps, scales, clamps, and divides.
"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding)
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv_transpose(x)
x = x + self.bias
x = torch.clamp(x, min=0.0, max=1.0)
x = x * self.scaling_factor
x = torch.clamp(x, min=0.0, max=1.0)
x = x / self.scaling_factor
return x
batch_size = 128
in_channels = 64
out_channels = 64
height = width = 128
kernel_size = 3
stride = 2
padding = 1
output_padding = 1
bias_shape = (out_channels, 1, 1)
scaling_factor = 2.0
def get_inputs():
return [torch.rand(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]
def get_init_inputs():
return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor]turn 0 · FINAL · 1 tool call(s) · 55.4s turn · 55.4s LLM · 7,323 chars (click to expand)
turn 055.4s turn · 55.4s LLM · 0.0s tools · FINAL
reasoning
**Evaluating compilation needs**
Since I’m not receiving any feedback, it seems safer to rely on cuDNN for core functions and the epilogue fusion. I need to compile the extension carefully. I think using a C++/CUDA kernel for the epilogue is the way to go. Python does include torch.nn modules, but I should ensure that everything is set up correctly. I’m trying to make sure these components work seamlessly together!
**Evaluating data vectorization**
I'm considering how vectorization can help with a total size of 2GB. It seems like breaking data down into vectors could optimize processing and storage, which is particularly useful as data volumes grow. I’d want to explore the details of this approach, like the methods for effective vectorization and any potential limitations. Let's think about how I can apply this knowledge to help improve the overall performance or efficiency!
call → submit_kernel
callsubmit_kernel
{
"kernel_code": "import torch\nimport torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\nfrom torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline\n\n\n_cpp_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor);\n\"\"\"\n\n_cuda_src = r\"\"\"\n#include <torch/extension.h>\n#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>\n#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>\n#include <cuda.h>\n#include <cuda_runtime.h>\n\nstatic __device__ __forceinline__ float post_op(float v, float b, float s) {\n v += b;\n // torch.clamp(v, 0, 1), preserving NaNs (comparisons with NaN are false)\n v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;\n v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;\n v = v * s;\n v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;\n v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;\n v = v / s;\n return v;\n}\n\n__global__ void post_vec4_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n long long hw,\n int C,\n float s) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n float b = bias[c];\n long long base = (long long)nc * hw;\n float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + base);\n long long n4 = hw >> 2;\n\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < n4; i += blockDim.x) {\n float4 v = y4[i];\n v.x = post_op(v.x, b, s);\n v.y = post_op(v.y, b, s);\n v.z = post_op(v.z, b, s);\n v.w = post_op(v.w, b, s);\n y4[i] = v;\n }\n}\n\n__global__ void post_scalar_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,\n const float* __restrict__ bias,\n long long hw,\n int C,\n float s) {\n int nc = blockIdx.x;\n int c = nc % C;\n float b = bias[c];\n long long base = (long long)nc * hw;\n for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < hw; i += blockDim.x) {\n y[base + i] = post_op(y[base + i], b, s);\n }\n}\n\ntorch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor) {\n const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(y.device());\n TORCH_CHECK(y.is_cuda(), \"y must be a CUDA tensor\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), \"bias must be a CUDA tensor\");\n TORCH_CHECK(y.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 is supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, \"only float32 bias is supported\");\n TORCH_CHECK(y.is_contiguous(), \"y must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_contiguous(), \"bias must be contiguous\");\n TORCH_CHECK(y.dim() == 4, \"y must be NCHW\");\n\n int N = (int)y.size(0);\n int C = (int)y.size(1);\n long long H = (long long)y.size(2);\n long long W = (long long)y.size(3);\n long long hw = H * W;\n int nc = N * C;\n if (nc == 0 || hw == 0) return y;\n\n const int threads = 256;\n cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();\n float s = (float)scaling_factor;\n\n if ((hw & 3LL) == 0) {\n post_vec4_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);\n } else {\n post_scalar_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(\n y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);\n }\n C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();\n return y;\n}\n\"\"\"\n\n_ext = load_inline(\n name=\"fused_deconv_postprocess_ext_v1\",\n cpp_sources=_cpp_src,\n cuda_sources=_cuda_src,\n functions=[\"fused_deconv_postprocess\"],\n extra_cflags=[\"-O3\"],\n extra_cuda_cflags=[\"-O3\", \"--use_fast_math\"],\n verbose=False,\n)\n\n\nclass ModelNew(nn.Module):\n \"\"\"\n Same module as the reference. The transposed convolution is computed by\n cuDNN/PyTorch, and the following bias/add/clamp/scale/clamp/divide chain is\n fused into one custom CUDA pass over the large output tensor.\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):\n super(ModelNew, self).__init__()\n self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(\n in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size,\n stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding\n )\n self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))\n self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor\n self._stride = stride\n self._padding = padding\n self._output_padding = output_padding\n\n def forward(self, x):\n y = F.conv_transpose2d(\n x,\n self.conv_transpose.weight,\n self.conv_transpose.bias,\n stride=self.conv_transpose.stride,\n padding=self.conv_transpose.padding,\n output_padding=self.conv_transpose.output_padding,\n groups=self.conv_transpose.groups,\n dilation=self.conv_transpose.dilation,\n )\n return _ext.fused_deconv_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))\n"
}
result ← submit_kernel (ok)
oksubmit_kernel
submit_kernel PASSED: (5 / 5) correctness trials all passed.
Kernel runtime: 6.83 μs
Runtime stats: mean=6.83μs median=?μs std=0.80μs
Numerical precision: max_abs_err=0.00e+00 mean_abs_err=0.00e+00 max_rel_err=0.00e+00
Memory: 5153.42 MB peak (ref: 5153.42 MB, ratio: 1.0x)
Kernel launches: 7 (ref: 14, fusion ratio: 2.0)
Energy: 1200.68 mJ/run (ref: 1437.76 mJ, ratio: 1.1975x)
SOL score: 1.0
final submitted kernel (144 lines, 4,914 chars) — full source, untruncated
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.utils.cpp_extension import load_inline
_cpp_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor);
"""
_cuda_src = r"""
#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
static __device__ __forceinline__ float post_op(float v, float b, float s) {
v += b;
// torch.clamp(v, 0, 1), preserving NaNs (comparisons with NaN are false)
v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;
v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;
v = v * s;
v = (v < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : v;
v = (v > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : v;
v = v / s;
return v;
}
__global__ void post_vec4_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,
const float* __restrict__ bias,
long long hw,
int C,
float s) {
int nc = blockIdx.x;
int c = nc % C;
float b = bias[c];
long long base = (long long)nc * hw;
float4* __restrict__ y4 = reinterpret_cast<float4*>(y + base);
long long n4 = hw >> 2;
for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < n4; i += blockDim.x) {
float4 v = y4[i];
v.x = post_op(v.x, b, s);
v.y = post_op(v.y, b, s);
v.z = post_op(v.z, b, s);
v.w = post_op(v.w, b, s);
y4[i] = v;
}
}
__global__ void post_scalar_kernel(float* __restrict__ y,
const float* __restrict__ bias,
long long hw,
int C,
float s) {
int nc = blockIdx.x;
int c = nc % C;
float b = bias[c];
long long base = (long long)nc * hw;
for (long long i = threadIdx.x; i < hw; i += blockDim.x) {
y[base + i] = post_op(y[base + i], b, s);
}
}
torch::Tensor fused_deconv_postprocess(torch::Tensor y, torch::Tensor bias, double scaling_factor) {
const c10::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(y.device());
TORCH_CHECK(y.is_cuda(), "y must be a CUDA tensor");
TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_cuda(), "bias must be a CUDA tensor");
TORCH_CHECK(y.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 is supported");
TORCH_CHECK(bias.scalar_type() == at::kFloat, "only float32 bias is supported");
TORCH_CHECK(y.is_contiguous(), "y must be contiguous");
TORCH_CHECK(bias.is_contiguous(), "bias must be contiguous");
TORCH_CHECK(y.dim() == 4, "y must be NCHW");
int N = (int)y.size(0);
int C = (int)y.size(1);
long long H = (long long)y.size(2);
long long W = (long long)y.size(3);
long long hw = H * W;
int nc = N * C;
if (nc == 0 || hw == 0) return y;
const int threads = 256;
cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
float s = (float)scaling_factor;
if ((hw & 3LL) == 0) {
post_vec4_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(
y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);
} else {
post_scalar_kernel<<<nc, threads, 0, stream>>>(
y.data_ptr<float>(), bias.data_ptr<float>(), hw, C, s);
}
C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();
return y;
}
"""
_ext = load_inline(
name="fused_deconv_postprocess_ext_v1",
cpp_sources=_cpp_src,
cuda_sources=_cuda_src,
functions=["fused_deconv_postprocess"],
extra_cflags=["-O3"],
extra_cuda_cflags=["-O3", "--use_fast_math"],
verbose=False,
)
class ModelNew(nn.Module):
"""
Same module as the reference. The transposed convolution is computed by
cuDNN/PyTorch, and the following bias/add/clamp/scale/clamp/divide chain is
fused into one custom CUDA pass over the large output tensor.
"""
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, output_padding, bias_shape, scaling_factor):
super(ModelNew, self).__init__()
self.conv_transpose = nn.ConvTranspose2d(
in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size,
stride=stride, padding=padding, output_padding=output_padding
)
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(bias_shape))
self.scaling_factor = scaling_factor
self._stride = stride
self._padding = padding
self._output_padding = output_padding
def forward(self, x):
y = F.conv_transpose2d(
x,
self.conv_transpose.weight,
self.conv_transpose.bias,
stride=self.conv_transpose.stride,
padding=self.conv_transpose.padding,
output_padding=self.conv_transpose.output_padding,
groups=self.conv_transpose.groups,
dilation=self.conv_transpose.dilation,
)
return _ext.fused_deconv_postprocess(y, self.bias, float(self.scaling_factor))